Natural coagulants for water purification

an ecofriendly approach

| Posted in: Science

Journal name: World Journal of Pharmaceutical Research
Original article title: Natural coagulants for water purification
The WJPR includes peer-reviewed publications such as scientific research papers, reports, review articles, company news, thesis reports and case studies in areas of Biology, Pharmaceutical industries and Chemical technology while incorporating ancient fields of knowledge such combining Ayurveda with scientific data.
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Subtitle: an ecofriendly approach

Original source:

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Author:

Poornima Shukla


World Journal of Pharmaceutical Research:

(An ISO 9001:2015 Certified International Journal)

Full text available for: Natural coagulants for water purification

Source type: An International Peer Reviewed Journal for Pharmaceutical and Medical and Scientific Research

Doi: 10.20959/wjpr20165-6150


Download the PDF file of the original publication


Summary of article contents:

Introduction

Water is essential for life, constituting approximately 75% of the human body. Despite its fundamental importance, a significant portion of the global population, particularly in developing countries, lacks access to safe drinking water. Contaminated water sources lead to numerous health issues, resulting in millions of deaths annually, particularly among infants. Water must be free of pathogens, toxic substances, and excess minerals to be considered potable. This review examines natural coagulants derived from plants, highlighting their potential as cost-effective and eco-friendly solutions for purifying drinking water in rural communities.

The Efficacy of Moringa Oleifera

Moringa oleifera, commonly known as drumstick, has emerged as one of the most effective natural coagulants for water treatment. The seeds of this plant contain a water-soluble cationic protein that facilitates the reduction of turbidity in water. Studies indicate that Moringa seeds can remove significant percentages of heavy metals from contaminated water—90% for copper, 80% for lead, 60% for cadmium, and 50% for zinc and chromium. Furthermore, Moringa seeds exhibit antimicrobial properties, effectively eliminating both Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria from water. Laboratory investigations confirm its ability to treat both low and high-turbidity water, making it a valuable resource for improving drinking water quality.

Diverse Plant Sources for Water Purification

Various plant species have shown potential as natural coagulants and disinfectants for water purification. These include Phaseolus vulgaris, Opuntia ficus indica, and Senna alata, among others. A list compiled in the review demonstrates that numerous seeds, leaves, and fruits can be utilized for coagulation and disinfection purposes. For instance, watermelon seeds have been particularly effective when combined with chemical coagulants like alum, yielding up to 100% color and turbidity removal. Such diversity in plant sources suggests that utilizing local flora can enhance water treatment approaches in regions with limited access to advanced technologies.

Community Adoption and Indigenous Knowledge

The integration of indigenous knowledge regarding the use of local plants for water purification is crucial in developing solutions tailored to specific regional challenges. Many communities have historically employed plant-based materials for treating drinking water, yet this knowledge remains largely untapped due to a lack of adequate scientific investigation and technology transfer. By recognizing and validating indigenous practices and plant use, there is significant potential for improving water quality and health in these communities. Exploring indigenous efficacy can lead to sustainable water treatment technologies that harness local resources and knowledge.

Conclusion

The review establishes that the application of plant extracts, particularly from seeds and leaves, can be a highly effective method for water purification, especially in developing countries and rural settings where access to clean water is a pressing issue. Studies have demonstrated that these natural coagulants are efficient in removing suspended organic and inorganic matter as well as heavy metals from contaminated water. The findings advocate for further research into additional plant sources for their coagulation and disinfection capabilities. Such efforts could advance sustainable, eco-friendly water treatment technologies and ultimately contribute to improving public health and economic stability in these regions.

FAQ section (important questions/answers):

What are natural coagulants, and why are they important for water purification?

Natural coagulants are plant extracts used to purify water by coagulating impurities. They offer an economical and eco-friendly approach to improve water quality, especially in developing countries where access to clean drinking water is a major issue.

How effective is Moringa oleifera for water purification?

Moringa oleifera seeds are highly effective coagulants, capable of removing up to 90% of copper and 80% of lead. They help clarify water and significantly reduce microbial contamination, making them ideal for rural communities.

What are some common plants used as natural coagulants?

Common plants include Moringa oleifera, Phaseolus vulgaris, Aloe barbadensis, and Ocimum sanctum. Each plant has specific properties that help in coagulating impurities and disinfecting water.

Why is access to clean water a significant issue in developing countries?

Approximately 85% of the rural population lacks potable water. Contaminated drinking water leads to severe health issues, including waterborne diseases, contributing to high infant mortality rates and widespread illnesses.

Can citrus juices be used for water purification?

Yes, citrus juices, particularly lime juice, possess disinfective properties. Adding lime juice can significantly reduce harmful bacteria levels in turbid water, making it safer for consumption.

What are the benefits of using plant-based coagulants over chemical ones?

Plant-based coagulants are non-toxic, eco-friendly, and cost-effective alternatives to chemical coagulants. They do not pose risks of harmful by-products often associated with chemical treatments, making them safer for human health and the environment.

Glossary definitions and references:

Scientific and Ayurvedic Glossary list for “Natural coagulants for water purification”. This list explains important keywords that occur in this article and links it to the glossary for a better understanding of that concept in the context of Ayurveda and other topics.

1) Water:
Water is the essence of life and integral to human health and well-being. It is necessary for survival and a major resource on Earth. However, access to clean drinking water remains a significant issue in many parts of the world, often resulting in health complications due to contamination.

2) Tree:
Trees are a vital component of the ecosystem, providing oxygen and supporting biodiversity. They serve multiple purposes including landscape restoration, carbon sequestration, and acting as a source of materials and food. In this context, some trees are explored for their natural coagulant properties to purify water.

3) Purification:
Purification refers to the process of making substances clean or removing impurities. In the context of water, purification is essential for safe drinking and health protection. The review discusses natural methods for water purification using plant extracts, which can be particularly beneficial in rural communities.

4) Shukla (Sukla):
Shukla is the author of the reviewed work on natural coagulants for water purification. The research provides important insights into sustainable and eco-friendly practices for treating water, particularly focusing on plants as alternatives to chemical coagulants that may pose health risks.

5) Developing:
Developing refers to countries that are in the process of improvement in terms of economic growth and overall quality of life. In the context of the study, developing countries face challenges like lack of clean drinking water, which can lead to health issues such as waterborne diseases.

6) Species:
Species are groups of organisms that can interbreed and produce fertile offspring. The article discusses various plant species known for their natural coagulant properties. Understanding these species is crucial for developing effective, eco-friendly methods for water purification in challenged environments.

7) Powder:
Powder refers to the finely ground form of a substance, which can increase its efficacy when used in processes like water purification. Several plant extracts mentioned in the study are utilized in powdered form to enhance their coagulation properties when treating contaminated water.

8) Family:
In biological classification, family is a rank used to group related species. The article mentions various plant families from which coagulants are derived. Understanding these classifications helps in identifying potentially effective plants for use in water purification.

9) Ocimum sanctum:
Ocimum sanctum, also known as Holy Basil, is a plant noted for its efficacy in removing contaminants from water, particularly chromium. The review highlights its potential as an eco-friendly coagulant for water treatment, showcasing the benefits of using indigenous plant species.

10) Activity:
Activity, in this context, refers to the biochemical properties and actions of plant extracts used as coagulants. The study emphasizes the importance of identifying and understanding the coagulant activity of various plants for effective water purification applications.

11) Surface:
Surface often refers to the upper layer of a substance, like surface water. The article discusses the importance of treating surface water, which is frequently contaminated and poses health risks. Access to purified surface water is essential for the well-being of rural populations.

12) Study (Studying):
Study refers to the systematic investigation of a subject. In this context, the article presents research on the effectiveness of natural coagulants derived from plants for water purification, providing valuable knowledge for sustainable practices in areas lacking access to clean drinking water.

13) Knowledge:
Knowledge refers to the awareness and understanding gained through experience or education. The study emphasizes the importance of indigenous knowledge in utilizing local plants for water purification, potentially leading to effective solutions for communities facing water quality issues.

14) Chauhan:
Chauhan is one of the authors referenced in the article, contributing to the collective findings on natural coagulants. The citation of various researchers is important for establishing credibility and promoting further research in the field of eco-friendly water purification methods.

15) Quality:
Quality pertains to the standard of something, in this case, water. The article emphasizes the need for improving water quality in developing countries, as inadequate purification leads to serious health issues, underscoring the importance of effective treatment solutions.

16) Disease:
Disease refers to a pathological condition affecting the body's normal function, which can be caused by contaminated drinking water. The document highlights the significant health impact, particularly in developing areas where water-borne diseases are prevalent due to poor sanitation and treatment.

17) Table:
Table is a structured format used to present data clearly. In the article, tables provide an organized overview of various plant species used in water purification, making it easier to compare their effectiveness and applications within the context of the study.

18) Earth:
Earth is the planet that supports all forms of life. Access to clean water is crucial for sustaining life on Earth. The study tackles the challenges faced globally, particularly in under-developed areas, in securing safe drinking water for communities.

19) Lemon:
Lemon is a fruit known for its acidic properties and natural disinfectant effects. The review discusses lemon juice's efficacy in water purification, particularly through the reduction of pathogens, showcasing its relevance as a natural treatment method highlighted in historical practices.

20) Life:
Life refers to the condition that distinguishes animals and plants from inorganic matter, characterized by growth and reproduction. Water is essential for sustaining life, and the study underscores the crucial need for safe drinking water sources to enhance human health and survival.

21) Trigonella foenum-graecum:
Trigonella foenum-graecum, commonly known as fenugreek, is mentioned as a plant with coagulant properties. This inclusion within the study highlights the vast range of locally available plant species that can be utilized for water treatment, promoting sustainable practices.

22) Phyllanthus emblica:
Phyllanthus emblica, also known as Indian Gooseberry, is referenced in the article for its water purification potential. Exploring its use underscores the practice of leveraging native plants for eco-friendly treatment methods vital for improving water safety in vulnerable communities.

23) Azadirachta indica:
Azadirachta indica, known as neem, is discussed in the context of its coagulant properties. This plant's inclusion highlights the significance of utilizing indigenous flora for effective natural water purification methods that can address local water contamination issues sustainably.

24) Mangifera indica:
Mangifera indica refers to the mango tree, which is noted for its potential in water treatment. The study emphasizes various plants, including mango, as sources of natural coagulants that are accessible and helpful for providing clean water in impoverished regions.

25) Cuminum cyminum:
Cuminum cyminum, commonly called cumin, is included as a plant with coagulant attributes. Its mention reflects the diversity of plant-based solutions for water purification, showcasing how common herbs can contribute to sustainable water treatment practices.

26) Transmission:
Transmission refers to the process through which diseases spread, particularly in the context of contaminated water sources. Understanding transmission routes is crucial for developing effective solutions to combat waterborne illnesses in communities with limited access to clean drinking water.

27) Malnutrition:
Malnutrition is a serious consequence of inadequate nutrition, often exacerbated by the consumption of contaminated water. The article highlights the link between poor water quality, malnutrition, and health outcomes in developing countries, urging the need for improved water treatment solutions.

28) Afghanistan:
Afghanistan is mentioned as part of the geographical context for the study. Identifying the specific challenges related to water purification in such regions underscores the broader implications for developing countries facing alike health risks due to water contamination.

29) Vigna mungo:
Vigna mungo, commonly known as black gram, is noted in the study for its coagulant properties. The discussion of various legumes highlights the potential for utilizing commonly available plants to address water purification challenges, supporting local livelihoods.

30) Science (Scientific):
Science is a systematic enterprise of building knowledge through observation and experimentation. In the context of the article, it points to the necessity for scientific investigations in understanding and validating the effectiveness of plant-derived coagulants for sustainable water purification.

31) Substance:
Substance refers to a particular kind of matter with uniform properties. In the context of water treatment, understanding the various substances present in contaminated water is essential for determining the best natural coagulants that can effectively reduce impurities and pathogens for safe drinking.

32) Godhani:
Godhani is mentioned as an author contributing to the studies surrounding natural coagulants. Citing various researchers reflects the collaborative nature of scientific work and the importance of collective research efforts in advancing knowledge about eco-friendly water purification techniques.

33) Mineral:
Mineral refers to naturally occurring inorganic substances essential for human health. However, excess minerals in water can lead to health complications. The review discusses how plant extracts can effectively reduce mineral presence, making water safer for consumption, especially in rural settings.

34) Hygiene (Hygienic):
Hygiene encompasses practices that promote health and prevent disease, particularly through cleanliness. The article highlights the connection between water purification efforts and improved hygiene, pointing out that access to clean water is integral for achieving proper hygiene and public health.

35) Cancer:
Cancer refers to a group of diseases characterized by uncontrolled cell growth. The article notes concerns regarding chemical water treatments linked to cancer risks. This highlights the importance of exploring and adopting natural alternatives, such as plant coagulants, for cleaner water solutions.

36) Medium:
Medium in this context pertains to the environment or context in which water purification occurs. It indicates the varying levels of water turbidity and the effectiveness of different natural coagulants being tested in specific water conditions for optimal purification results.

37) India:
India is mentioned as part of the geographical context, focusing on its plants used for water purification. The diversity of flora in India exemplifies the potential for utilizing native species to develop effective methods of treating water, particularly in rural areas.

38) Kola:
Kola, pertaining to Garcinia kola, is highlighted in the study for its water purifying properties. This emphasizes the exploration of various local plants and their viability as natural coagulants that can be implemented in practical water treatment applications.

39) Veni:
Veni is likely referenced as one of the researchers involved in the studies about natural coagulants. The acknowledgment of various authors is important for establishing the credibility of the discussed findings regarding water purification methods derived from plants.

40) Rich (Rch):
Rich refers to abundance, typically in terms of resources. Access to clean drinking water is considered a rich resource; however, the article sheds light on the disparities in resource availability, particularly in economically disadvantaged settings where water purity is often compromised.

41) Pur:
Poor signifies a lack of resources or quality, particularly concerning water access and sanitation in developing countries. The study emphasizes the need for affordable and efficient purification methods to benefit poor communities facing severe water quality challenges.

Other Science Concepts:

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Discover the significance of concepts within the article: ‘Natural coagulants for water purification’. Further sources in the context of Science might help you critically compare this page with similair documents:

Water purification, Potable water, Lime juice, Infectious disease, Microbial activity, Moringa oleifera, Indigenous knowledge, Heavy metal, Natural coagulant, Wastewater treatment, Active compound.

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