Pharmacognostic studies of “pterolobium hexapetalum (roth.) sant. and wagh.”

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Journal name: World Journal of Pharmaceutical Research
Original article title: Pharmacognostic studies of “pterolobium hexapetalum (roth.) sant. and wagh.”
The WJPR includes peer-reviewed publications such as scientific research papers, reports, review articles, company news, thesis reports and case studies in areas of Biology, Pharmaceutical industries and Chemical technology while incorporating ancient fields of knowledge such combining Ayurveda with scientific data.
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Original source:

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Author:

Kavitha B. and Yasodamma N.


World Journal of Pharmaceutical Research:

(An ISO 9001:2015 Certified International Journal)

Full text available for: Pharmacognostic studies of “pterolobium hexapetalum (roth.) sant. and wagh.”

Source type: An International Peer Reviewed Journal for Pharmaceutical and Medical and Scientific Research

Doi: 10.20959/wjpr20165-6109


Summary of article contents:

Introduction

The article presents pharmacognostic studies on Pterolobium hexapetalum, commonly known as "Yerracheeki," a medicinal plant utilized by the Chenchu tribes of the Nallamalai region for various ailments, including diarrhea, skin disorders, and jaundice. The study aims to explore the phytochemical properties and potential health benefits of this plant, highlighting the significant secondary metabolites identified through rigorous analysis. Findings from qualitative analyses showed the presence of various beneficial compounds that could substantiate the plant's traditional medicinal uses.

Phytochemical Composition

The phytochemical screening of Pterolobium hexapetalum revealed the presence of important secondary metabolites such as flavonoids, phenols, alkaloids, glycosides, tannins, and steroids across different parts of the plant. Specifically, 38 phenolic compounds, 12 flavonoids, and 10 anthocyanidins were identified. The qualitative analysis demonstrated that various phenolic compounds, such as protocatechuic acid and chlorogenic acid, exhibited promising antioxidant and antimicrobial properties, supporting the traditional claims regarding the plant's therapeutic efficacy.

Antimicrobial Activity

The study also assessed the antimicrobial properties of the plant extracts against several pathogenic bacteria and fungi. Aqueous and methanol extracts exhibited significant antibacterial activity, with minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) values ranging from 0.312 to 1.25 mg, comparable to standard antibiotics such as Gentamycin and Nystatin. This reinforces the idea that Pterolobium hexapetalum can serve as a viable herbal remedy against infections caused by harmful microorganisms, validating its traditional use in treating skin diseases and other infections.

Histochemical and Morphological Characteristics

Histochemical studies provided insights into the distribution of phytoconstituents throughout the different parts of the plant. Key components such as lignins, cellulose, and tannins were localized in specific areas, emphasizing the importance of each part for potential therapeutic applications. The morphological observations further characterized the plant, establishing a framework for the identification and quality assessment of herbal drug preparations derived from Pterolobium hexapetalum.

Conclusion

The comprehensive analysis of Pterolobium hexapetalum underscores its potential as a significant medicinal plant with various beneficial compounds that possess antimicrobial, anti-inflammatory, and antioxidant properties. The study validates traditional practices and lays the groundwork for future research focused on bioactive compound isolation and drug formulation. Further scientific exploration into its pharmacological effects can contribute to the development of plant-based therapies, enhancing the plant's application in clinical settings and promoting natural remedies in modern medicine.

FAQ section (important questions/answers):

What are the medicinal uses of Pterolobium hexapetalum?

Pterolobium hexapetalum is used to treat diarrhea, skin diseases, cold, cough, jaundice, ulcers, and bone fractures. It is commonly used by the Chenchu tribes as an herbal remedy.

What types of secondary metabolites are found in Pternolobium hexapetalum?

Phytochemical screening revealed flavonoids, phenols, alkaloids, glycosides, tannins, and steroids present in various parts of Pterolobium hexapetalum, indicating its potential therapeutic properties.

How effective is Pterolobium hexapetalum against pathogenic bacteria?

The extracts of Pterolobium hexapetalum showed significant antibacterial activity against four pathogenic bacteria at minimum inhibitory concentrations from 0.312 to 1.25 mg, comparable to standard antibiotics.

What types of analysis were performed on Pterolobium hexapetalum?

Morphological, physicochemical, histochemical, and qualitative analyses of its phenolic, flavonoid, and anthocyanidin content were conducted, helping to standardize the crude drug for future formulations.

What are some key phenolic compounds found in Pterolobium hexapetalum?

Key phenolic compounds include protocatechuic acid, chlorogenic acid, and p-hydroxy benzoic acid, which exhibit antioxidant, antimicrobial, and anti-inflammatory activities, respectively.

What is the importance of the extractive and ash values in herbal drugs?

Extractive and ash values help determine authenticity, purity, and quality of herbal drugs. This analysis ensures the standardization necessary for effective drug development and formulation.

Glossary definitions and references:

Scientific and Ayurvedic Glossary list for “Pharmacognostic studies of “pterolobium hexapetalum (roth.) sant. and wagh.””. This list explains important keywords that occur in this article and links it to the glossary for a better understanding of that concept in the context of Ayurveda and other topics.

1) Water:
Water is a solvent crucial for various extraction processes in the pharmacognostic studies of herbs. It can dissolve polar compounds found in plant materials, allowing the extraction of bioactive phytochemicals. Water's characteristics influence the quality and efficacy of herbal formulations, making it a key factor in phytochemistry.

2) Flavonoid:
Flavonoids are a group of bioactive compounds known for their antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties. They are prevalent in various plants, including medicinal herbs. Understanding flavonoids' roles in health, particularly in traditional medicine, can lead to the development of effective herbal treatments, as showcased in this study.

3) Drug:
In the context of the study, a drug refers to a compound or substance derived from a plant that is used for medicinal purposes. The research highlights how certain phytochemicals from plants like Pterolobium hexapetalum may lead to novel herbal drugs with proven health benefits.

4) Powder:
Powder refers to the processed form of plant materials, which is crucial for conducting pharmacognostic studies. The properties of powdered drugs, including their physical and chemical characteristics, provide insights into purity, quality, and efficacy when formulating herbal preparations for medicinal uses.

5) Table:
A table in this context presents organized data that summarizes the findings and analyses from the research. Tables serve as vital tools in scientific documentation, making it easier to compare different compounds, their concentrations, and effects on health, enhancing the clarity of the study results.

6) Cancer:
Cancer is a critical health concern addressed in the study. The research explores the potential of various phytochemicals, such as flavonoids and phenolic compounds, in reducing cancer risks and promoting overall health, highlighting the importance of herbal medicine in modern therapeutic approaches.

7) Disease:
Disease signifies ailments that pharmacognostic studies aim to combat through herbal interventions. The study emphasizes how specific herbal compounds can address common diseases such as skin disorders and infections, underlining the traditional knowledge of herbal remedies and their relevance in contemporary medicine.

8) Nature:
'Nature' refers to the inherent characteristics of the plants and their bioactive compounds studied in this research. Understanding the natural properties of herbal constituents allows researchers to develop effective medicinal formulations that align with traditional uses, bridging ancient wisdom and modern pharmacology.

9) Activity:
In the context of this study, activity refers to the biological effects or actions exhibited by phytochemicals, such as antibacterial or antioxidant effects. Investigating these activities helps validate traditional uses and supports the development of new therapeutic agents from herbal sources.

10) Glass:
Glass refers to the materials used for laboratory equipment, such as beakers, test tubes, and other containers essential for handling plant extracts and conducting experiments. The properties of glass enhance the reliability of the research by providing inert environments for chemical reactions.

11) Tank:
Tank describes the glass vessels used for chromatography to separate various components in the plant extracts. Understanding the tank setup is crucial for accurately analyzing the phytochemical composition, leading to better insight into the drug's bioactive properties.

12) Antibiotic (Antibacterial):
Antibacterial refers to the ability of certain compounds to inhibit bacterial growth. The study investigates the antibacterial properties of the extracts of Pterolobium hexapetalum, validating traditional uses and contributing to the potential development of natural antibacterial agents for medicinal applications.

13) Inflammation:
Inflammation is a biological response that can be mitigated by specific phytochemicals found in plants. The research comments on how certain compounds possess anti-inflammatory properties, indicating their potential in developing holistic remedies for inflammatory-related diseases.

14) Botany:
Botany is the scientific study of plants, which underpins the research focused on Pterolobium hexapetalum. Knowledge in botany aids in the understanding of plant anatomy, physiology, and the distribution of phytochemicals that offer therapeutic benefits, supporting holistic healthcare approaches.

15) Sugar:
Sugar, in this study, signifies the types of carbohydrates present in plants. The qualitative analysis aims to identify different sugars and their implications for health. Understanding their role aids in comprehending the nutritional and medicinal values of herbal drugs.

16) Ulcer:
Ulcer signifies a common ailment for which Pterolobium hexapetalum is traditionally used as a remedy. The study explores the phytochemicals with healing properties that contribute to treating ulcers, emphasizing the significance of herbal solutions for gastrointestinal disorders.

17) Study (Studying):
Study pertains to the research conducted on Pterolobium hexapetalum, analyzing its pharmacognostic properties. This investigation aims to scientifically validate traditional practices, paving the way for further development in herbal medicine and understanding the therapeutic benefits of this plant.

18) Tirupati (Thirupati, Tiruppati):
Tirupati is the location connected to the research; it represents the geographical relevance of the study and the cultural significance of traditional medicine in the region. This linkage emphasizes how local knowledge shapes the understanding of herbal remedies.

19) Medicine:
Medicine refers to the science of diagnosing and treating ailments. The study aims to link traditional herbal practices to modern medicine, significantly emphasizing the therapeutic applications of the researched compounds and their potential role in mainstream healthcare.

20) Purity:
Purity indicates the quality of the extracts obtained from plant materials, important for ensuring therapeutic efficacy. The study evaluates the purity of the herbal drug to prevent adulteration and maintain the integrity of the herbal formulations utilized in treatments.

21) Gold (Golden):
Golden is used descriptively in the findings, possibly to indicate the quality or nature of certain extracts, such as their color, which can reflect the concentration and presence of particular phytochemicals. This characteristic can influence perceptions of quality in herbal products.

22) Hair:
Hair may relate to studies on hair health or how herbal treatments can be applied topically. Certain phytochemicals in plants might provide benefits related to hair growth or scalp conditions, illustrating the versatility of herbal remedies in cosmetic applications.

23) Substance:
Substance refers to the various chemical compounds obtained from the studied plant. Understanding the molecular makeup of these substances is essential in pharmacology, as it determines their efficacy, safety, and potential applications in health-related products.

24) Container:
Container refers to the glass materials used for storing or analyzing extracts in laboratory settings. The proper use of containers ensures that the phytochemicals maintain their stability and integrity during studies, affecting the outcomes of experiments.

25) Quality:
Quality assesses the integrity and effectiveness of the herbal preparations. Evaluating the quality of the extracts supports the development of standardized medicinal products, enhancing their credibility and reliability in both traditional and modern healthcare.

26) Species:
Species denotes the specific botanical classification of plants studied. Identifying the species assists in understanding the plant's properties, potential therapeutic applications, and ensures proper sourcing for both research and medicinal uses.

27) Account:
Account refers to the detailed record of the study's findings on Pterolobium hexapetalum. Documenting these accounts aids in the accumulation of knowledge, supporting evidence-based practices in the utilization of herbal medicine and guiding future research.

28) Bitter:
Bitter refers to the sensory characteristic associated with many herbal medicines, indicating their potency. Acknowledging flavor profiles influences user acceptance and adherence to herbal treatment regimens, and reflects traditional beliefs about the efficacy of bitter herbs.

29) Aroma (A-roma):
Aroma relates to the characteristic smell of the plant materials, which can indicate their quality and constituents. Analyzing aroma adds a sensory dimension to the study, contributing to the understanding of how olfactory properties enhance the experience of herbal use.

30) Phytochemical:
Phytochemical describes the bioactive compounds produced by plants, recognized for their health benefits. The study emphasizes the identification and analysis of phytochemicals in Pterolobium hexapetalum, highlighting their roles in traditional medicine and potential as therapeutic agents.

31) Anti-aging:
Anti-aging refers to properties associated with inhibiting the biological aging process. The study investigates the potential effects of herbal compounds, suggesting their relevance in developing products aimed at promoting longevity and enhancing skin health.

32) Discussion:
Discussion encompasses the evaluation of study results, comparing findings with existing knowledge. This section provides insights into the implications of the research, fostering understanding of how traditional practices can align with scientific validation in herbal medicine.

33) Colouring (Coloring):
Coloring refers to the visual attributes of plant materials, often indicative of specific compounds like anthocyanins. The color intensity can reflect the concentration of beneficial phytochemicals, aiding in the differentiation of various herbal products.

34) Heating:
Heating is a common technique in the extraction of phytochemicals, influencing the yield and efficiency of extracting beneficial properties from plant materials. Understanding the heating process supports optimal methods to achieve desired concentrations in herbal preparations.

35) Andhra (Amdhra):
Andhra denotes the region of India known for its rich biodiversity and traditional herbal practices. This geographical connection reinforces the cultural significance of the study, as it explores local plants with historical health benefits within specific communities.

36) Forest:
Forest refers to the natural habitats where plants like Pterolobium hexapetalum grow. The ecological context emphasizes the importance of preserving indigenous plant species for their medicinal properties and continuing the exploration of their uses in traditional medicine.

37) Animal:
Animal may signify the potential medicinal properties of plants in treating ailments related to animals or veterinary medicine. Understanding plant functions extends beyond human health and highlights holistic approaches to animal well-being in herbal practices.

38) Insect:
Insect indicates the importance of studying plant interactions with pest species, as many herbal remedies develop natural defenses against insects. Understanding these relationships can enhance conservation efforts and the application of herbal treatments in gardens and agriculture.

39) Cotton:
Cotton may refer to the usage of cotton in the laboratory for filtering extracts or preventing contamination. Its role symbolizes the practical aspects of conducting studies and ensuring purity while handling and processing herbal materials.

40) India:
India represents a rich tapestry of traditional medical practices, with extensive use of herbal medicines. The study highlights the potential of local plants in addressing health concerns, bridging cultural heritage with modern scientific inquiry in pharmacology.

41) Blood:
Blood refers to the fluid that circulates in the body, which may be relevant in discussing how certain herbal compounds affect cardiovascular health. Understanding blood interactions emphasizes the role of herbal medicine in maintaining or improving health outcomes.

42) Viti:
Viti refers to the family of plants studied, connecting to local biodiversity and emphasizing the ecological significance of plant species. It highlights the interaction between flora and local culture, reinforcing the importance of integrating traditional practice with botanical knowledge.

43) Food:
Food relates to the nutritional aspects of plants, emphasizing their dual role in diet and medicine. This study underscores the importance of recognizing food sources that provide health benefits and the potential of integrating medicinal plants into everyday diets.

44) Wine:
Wine refers to fermented beverages; in the context, it may highlight the phytochemicals found in grapes, linking them to health benefits. Understanding the role of plants in food and drinks contributes to a holistic view of herbal medicine.

45) Hand:
Hand emphasizes the manual techniques employed in studying and preparing the plant extracts. The role of hands-on methodology in scientific research reinforces the connection between traditional knowledge and contemporary practices in pharmacology.

46) Soil:
Soil is the natural environment from which plants derive nutrients. This context highlights the significance of conserving biodiversity and understanding how soil health impacts the quality and properties of plants used in herbal medicine.

47) Dish (Dis):
Dish refers to the specific containers, such as petri dishes, used for conducting experiments or culturing plant extracts. Proper usage ensures that the study's results are valid, providing reliable data for both laboratory and clinical applications.

48) Life:
Life encompasses the broader context in which plants like Pterolobium hexapetalum contribute to health and well-being. The study aims to enrich our understanding of how herbal medications can enhance life quality through natural remedies.

Other Science Concepts:

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Discover the significance of concepts within the article: ‘Pharmacognostic studies of “pterolobium hexapetalum (roth.) sant. and wagh.”’. Further sources in the context of Science might help you critically compare this page with similair documents:

Flavonoid, Antibacterial activity, Qualitative analysis, Phytochemical screening, Anti-inflammatory properties, Herbal formulation, Traditional use, Minimum inhibitory concentration, Antifungal activity, Secondary metabolite, Organoleptic character, Molecular characterization, Extractive value, Bioactive compound.

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