HPV genotyping in Iraqi women using DNA from FFPE sections.
Journal name: World Journal of Pharmaceutical Research
Original article title: Human papilloma virus genotyping in a group of iraqi women by using reproducible dna extraction from formalin fixed paraffin embedded sections
The WJPR includes peer-reviewed publications such as scientific research papers, reports, review articles, company news, thesis reports and case studies in areas of Biology, Pharmaceutical industries and Chemical technology while incorporating ancient fields of knowledge such combining Ayurveda with scientific data.
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Original source:
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Anfal Mohammed Al –Taiee, Bsc, Msc., Sanaa Mohammed Alizi BSc MSc PhD, Haider Sabah Kadhim MBChB, MSc, PhD and Wafa Mahmoud Al-Khalidy MBChB, DGO
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World Journal of Pharmaceutical Research:
(An ISO 9001:2015 Certified International Journal)
Full text available for: Human papilloma virus genotyping in a group of iraqi women by using reproducible dna extraction from formalin fixed paraffin embedded sections
Source type: An International Peer Reviewed Journal for Pharmaceutical and Medical and Scientific Research
Doi: 10.20959/wjpr20165-6187
Copyright (license): WJPR: All rights reserved
Summary of article contents:
1) Introduction
The article discusses the prevalence and genotyping of Human Papilloma Virus (HPV) among Iraqi women using molecular analysis techniques on formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded (FFPE) tissue samples. The findings are based on a study conducted from September 2013 to March 2014, which involved the collection of 100 tissue samples from the archives at Baghdad Medical City. The study aimed to determine the most effective methods for DNA extraction and HPV typing to inform vaccination strategies against cervical cancer.
2) DNA Extraction Methods and Their Efficacy
The study evaluated two methods of DNA extraction from FFPE samples: a traditional xylene method and a modified high-heat treatment method. The results showed a significant difference in extraction efficiency, with the heat treatment yielding 70% positive HPV results compared to just 6% from the xylene method. The high-heat treatment was more effective due to its ability to reverse cross-linking caused by formaldehyde, leading to higher DNA quality and quantity for subsequent PCR assays.
3) Prevalence of HPV Infections
The study found a high prevalence of HPV infections, with 70% of the tested samples being positive for HPV DNA. Among these, a majority were mixed infections (84.3%), particularly with HPV types 16 and 18, which are known to have high oncogenic potential. Specifically, HPV type 16 was found in 97.1% of the samples, followed by type 18 at 72.9%. This highlights the significant role that these two types play in cervical carcinogenesis among Iraqi women.
4) Genotyping and Infection Patterns
Genotyping results indicated that the majority of HPV infections were mixed, with single infections being relatively rare (15.7%). The analysis showed that HPV types 16 and 18 were frequently found together, indicating a trend toward co-infections among affected individuals. The detection of multiple HPV types suggests a complex interaction that may influence disease progression and raises concerns regarding the adequacy of current preventive measures in Iraq.
5) Conclusion
The findings underscore the urgency of introducing targeted HPV vaccination strategies in Iraq, especially focusing on the high-risk types identified in the study. The effectiveness of using high-heat methods for DNA extraction from FFPE samples highlights an important improvement in HPV detection and genotyping processes. The results serve as a critical call to action for public health initiatives aimed at reducing cervical cancer rates through vaccination and improved screening methods among Iraqi women.
FAQ section (important questions/answers):
What was the main goal of the HPV study in Iraqi women?
The main goal was to determine high-risk HPV genotypes prevalent among Iraqi women, particularly to understand which types of vaccines are necessary to prevent cervical cancer.
What were the DNA extraction methods used in the study?
Two methods were used: a xylene treatment to remove paraffin and a high-heat treatment. The latter proved more effective in yielding usable DNA for PCR testing.
What was the prevalence of HPV infection found in the study?
The study found a 70% prevalence of HPV infection in formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded samples, with 84.3% of these being mixed infections.
Which HPV types were most commonly found in the study?
HPV types 16 and 18 were most prevalent, with HPV 16 detected in 97.1% of positive cases, followed by HPV 18 in 72.9%.
How does the study suggest improving HPV DNA extraction from samples?
The study suggests that using heat treatment for DNA extraction from FFPE samples enhances DNA yield and quality, making it preferable over xylene extraction.
What is the significance of HPV typing in the context of cervical cancer?
HPV typing is crucial as certain high-risk types, especially HPV 16 and 18, are strongly associated with the development of cervical cancer, guiding prevention strategies.
Glossary definitions and references:
Scientific and Ayurvedic Glossary list for “HPV genotyping in Iraqi women using DNA from FFPE sections.”. This list explains important keywords that occur in this article and links it to the glossary for a better understanding of that concept in the context of Ayurveda and other topics.
1) Cancer:
Cancer refers to a group of diseases characterized by uncontrolled cell growth and division, which can lead to the formation of malignant tumors. In the context of this study, the focus is primarily on cervical cancer, particularly related to human papillomavirus (HPV) infections, highlighting its prevalence and the need for prevention measures through vaccination.
2) Study (Studying):
The study presented investigates the prevalence and genotyping of human papillomavirus (HPV) in Iraqi women using formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded (FFPE) tissue samples. Its significance lies in identifying high-risk HPV types responsible for cervical cancer, thereby providing data essential for public health strategies and vaccine development in Iraq.
3) Purity:
Purity in this context refers to the quality of extracted DNA from tissue samples. A high purity ratio (measured by the O.D. 260nm/O.D. 280nm) indicates less contamination and better suitability for PCR amplification, which is critical for accurately detecting HPV in tissue blocks from cancer patients.
4) Table:
A 'table' in the study typically refers to a structured format used to organize and present data clearly for comparison and analysis. For instance, it may summarize the frequency of different HPV types found in the samples, aiding in visual comprehension and quick reference for readers and researchers alike.
5) Blood:
Blood is often used in medical research and diagnostics as it can contain circulating cells or biomarkers indicative of various diseases. While the study focuses on FFPE tissue samples, blood studies can complement findings by providing systemic information about HPV and immune responses in infected individuals.
6) Viru:
The term 'viru' appears to be a truncated form of 'virus.' In this study, it pertains to the human papillomavirus (HPV), a significant sexually transmitted virus associated with various types of cancer, mainly cervical cancer. Understanding the viral types and their effects on health is crucial in medical research.
7) Medicine:
Medicine encompasses the science and practice of diagnosing, treating, and preventing diseases. This study contributes to medical knowledge by elucidating the relationship between HPV and cervical cancer, thereby playing a vital role in developing preventive strategies, such as vaccination and screening programs, in public health policy.
8) Channel:
In the context of the study, 'channel' likely refers to the detection channels used in Real-Time PCR (RT-PCR) assays for amplifying and detecting HPV DNA in samples. Different fluorescence channels allow researchers to differentiate between HPV types and confirm the presence of cellular material, ensuring accurate results.
9) Purification:
Purification is a crucial step in the sample processing that involves removing contaminants to isolate the target DNA. Effective purification enhances the quality and yield of DNA extracted from formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded tissues, thus improving the reliability of subsequent molecular analyses like PCR for HPV detection.
10) Teaching:
Teaching in this context may relate to the educational aspects involved in medical training and practice. The research outcomes can help inform future curricula in medical schools, emphasizing the importance of HPV research, diagnostics, and public health measures to combat cervical cancer in developing regions.
11) Discussion:
The discussion section of a scientific study interprets results and places them in context. It assesses the implications of the findings on HPV prevalence and cervical cancer, drawing connections to existing literature and emphasizing the urgent need for intervention strategies like vaccination and awareness in affected populations.
12) Developing:
Developing typically refers to low- and middle-income countries where healthcare resources, including cancer prevention and control interventions, may be limited. This study highlights HPV's increasing incidence in Iraq and emphasizes the importance of implementing effective vaccination programs to combat cervical cancer rates in these settings.
13) Fixation:
Fixation involves preserving tissue samples for histological analysis by immobilizing cellular structures, often leading to changes in DNA integrity. In this study, formalin fixation is indicated as a factor influencing DNA yield and amplification efficiency, underlining the importance of optimized extraction methods for reliable results.
14) Animal:
Animal studies can play a complementary role in understanding the pathophysiology of HPV infections and the resulting cancers. While the current research focuses on human samples, animal models could provide additional insights into the virus's mechanisms and potential countermeasures in preclinical settings.
15) Death:
Death from cervical cancer remains a significant public health concern, particularly in developing countries. Understanding HPV's role in cancer progression is crucial for developing effective screening, prevention, and treatment strategies aimed at reducing mortality rates associated with this disease.
16) Shana (Sana):
Sanaa is likely a reference to one of the authors of the study, Dr. Sanaa Mohammed Alizi, who holds advanced degrees and has expertise in microbiology. Collaborative research efforts from skilled professionals like her are essential for addressing complex health issues like HPV and its implications for cancer.
17) Beta:
Beta, often used in molecular biology, refers to the beta-globin gene, which serves as an internal control in PCR assays. This gene's presence in the sample assesses quality and ensures that the DNA extraction was successful, thus validating the HPV detection results.
Other Science Concepts:
Discover the significance of concepts within the article: ‘HPV genotyping in Iraqi women using DNA from FFPE sections.’. Further sources in the context of Science might help you critically compare this page with similair documents:
Age range, Human papilloma virus, Cervical cancer, DNA extraction, Mixed infection, Formalin fixed paraffin embedded, Cancer Registry, Heat treatment, Sample collection period, Qiagen kit, Internal control.