Antimicrobial activity of silver nanoparticles from Coleus aromaticus.
Journal name: World Journal of Pharmaceutical Research
Original article title: Antimicrobial activity against gangrene using silver nanoparticles synthesized by coleus aromaticus
The WJPR includes peer-reviewed publications such as scientific research papers, reports, review articles, company news, thesis reports and case studies in areas of Biology, Pharmaceutical industries and Chemical technology while incorporating ancient fields of knowledge such combining Ayurveda with scientific data.
This page presents a generated summary with additional references; See source (below) for actual content.
Original source:
This page is merely a summary which is automatically generated hence you should visit the source to read the original article which includes the author, publication date, notes and references.
J. Shanmuga Priya¹, K. Poornima², C. Priyadarshini³, S. Yamini Sudha Lakshmi, J. Madhusudhanan
World Journal of Pharmaceutical Research:
(An ISO 9001:2015 Certified International Journal)
Full text available for: Antimicrobial activity against gangrene using silver nanoparticles synthesized by coleus aromaticus
Source type: An International Peer Reviewed Journal for Pharmaceutical and Medical and Scientific Research
Doi: 10.20959/wjpr20166-6090
Download the PDF file of the original publication
Summary of article contents:
Introduction
Gangrene is a serious condition characterized by the death of body tissues, often resulting from infection, injury, or chronic illnesses like diabetes. The disease can manifest in various forms, including dry gangrene (often chronic) and wet gangrene (typically acute, often due to bacterial infections). The study presented investigates the use of silver nanoparticles synthesized from the medicinal plant Coleus aromaticus as a potential antimicrobial agent against microbes associated with gangrene. The researchers utilized an eco-friendly method of synthesis employing plant extracts, thus contributing to the field of nanotechnology and medicine.
Synthesis and Characterization of Silver Nanoparticles
An essential aspect of the study was the synthesis of silver nanoparticles using leaf extracts from Coleus aromaticus in different concentrations of silver nitrate (1mM and 3mM). The synthesis was corroborated by a notable color change from green to brown, indicative of silver nanoparticle formation. Characterization techniques employed included UV-VIS spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy (SEM), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), and Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR). The results revealed that the synthesized nanoparticles were predominantly spherical in shape, with sizes ranging from 20 to 60 nm and the characterization confirmed their effective creation and properties.
Antibacterial Activity Evaluation
The investigation further assessed the antibacterial efficacy of the synthesized silver nanoparticles against significant gangrene-causing microbes such as Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Klebsiella pneumoniae, and Enterococcus faecalis. The study implemented the agar well diffusion method, revealing that the silver nanoparticles exhibited inhibitory effects, particularly against Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Klebsiella pneumoniae. In contrast, silver nitrate solution did not demonstrate similar antibacterial properties. The findings underscored the potential use of silver nanoparticles as effective antimicrobial agents, particularly against specific bacterial strains.
Antifungal Activity Evaluation
In addition to antibacterial activity, the study explored the antifungal effectiveness of the synthesized silver nanoparticles against Candida albicans. Despite the promising antibacterial results, the silver nanoparticles did not significantly inhibit Candida albicans growth, as indicated by the absence of zone of inhibition during testing. The positive control (Nystatin) showed a notable zone of inhibition, emphasizing that the silver nanoparticles synthesized from Coleus aromaticus may require further optimization or combinatory approaches for effective antifungal activity.
Conclusion
Overall, the synthesis of silver nanoparticles from Coleus aromaticus presents a novel and eco-friendly approach to developing antimicrobial agents. The study demonstrates the potential of these nanoparticles, particularly in their antibacterial properties against various pathogenic bacteria. However, their antifungal activity was not as effective, suggesting that future research could focus on optimizing synthesis methods or exploring additional plant extracts for enhanced antifungal properties. The study contributes to the ongoing exploration of natural products in medical applications, particularly within nanotechnology, with implications for treating infections such as gangrene.
FAQ section (important questions/answers):
What is the role of silver nanoparticles in medical applications?
Silver nanoparticles exhibit excellent biocompatibility and antimicrobial properties, making them useful in treating infections, including those caused by gangrene-causing bacteria.
How are silver nanoparticles synthesized using Coleus aromaticus?
Silver nanoparticles are synthesized by mixing leaf extracts of Coleus aromaticus with silver nitrate solution, then exposing the mixture to sunlight until a color change indicates formation.
What methods were used to characterize the synthesized silver nanoparticles?
The synthesized silver nanoparticles were characterized using UV-Vis spectroscopy, SEM, TEM, and FTIR to determine their size, morphology, and functional groups.
What microbial species are associated with gangrene infections?
Common microbial species causing gangrene infections include Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Escherichia coli, and Clostridium perfringens, among others.
What was the outcome of the antibacterial activity tests?
The silver nanoparticles showed antibacterial activity against certain bacteria, particularly Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Klebsiella pneumoniae, while silver nitrate solutions exhibited no significant antibacterial effects.
What advantages do plant extracts offer for nanoparticle synthesis?
Plant extracts are non-toxic, readily available, and contain various metabolites that can efficiently reduce silver ions to form nanoparticles, offering an eco-friendly synthesis method.
Glossary definitions and references:
Scientific and Ayurvedic Glossary list for “Antimicrobial activity of silver nanoparticles from Coleus aromaticus.”. This list explains important keywords that occur in this article and links it to the glossary for a better understanding of that concept in the context of Ayurveda and other topics.
1) Silver:
Silver, in the context of this study, refers to the metal used in the synthesis of nanoparticles. Silver nanoparticles are known for their antimicrobial properties. Their synthesis using plant extracts, such as Coleus aromaticus, emphasizes eco-friendly methods in nanotechnology applications in medicine and exploring their effectiveness against various pathogens.
2) Activity:
Activity relates to the effectiveness of silver nanoparticles and silver nitrate against microbial species. In the study, antibacterial and antifungal activities were evaluated using methods like agar well diffusion. Understanding activity is essential for potential medical applications, especially in treating infections like gangrene caused by various bacteria and fungi.
3) Water:
Water is the solvent used in preparing the leaf extracts from Coleus aromaticus. The aqueous extracts are crucial for synthesizing silver nanoparticles. As a universal solvent, water plays a significant role in the eco-friendly synthesis of nanoparticles, highlighting its importance in green chemistry and biocompatibility when used in medical applications.
4) Antibiotic (Antibacterial):
Anti-bacterial is a descriptor for agents or substances that combat bacterial infections. This study investigates the anti-bacterial properties of silver nanoparticles synthesized from Coleus aromaticus. Highlighting effective anti-bacterial agents contributes to the development of novel treatments for infections, essential for addressing antibiotic resistance and enhancing patient care.
5) Table:
Table denotes the structured presentation of data, including results showing the zone of inhibition for silver nanoparticles against bacterial strains. Organizing results in tables aids in data comparison and analysis, facilitating a clear understanding of the effectiveness of the treatments tested and providing quick visual insights on antibacterial performance.
6) Species:
Species refers to the different types of microorganisms studied in the research, such as Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Klebsiella pneumoniae, and Candida albicans. Understanding these species is vital for assessing the therapeutic potential of synthesized nanoparticles, targeting specific pathogens causing infections like gangrene, and advancing infectious disease management.
7) Science (Scientific):
Scientific denotes adherence to the principles of empirical investigation and rational analysis. This study embodies scientific inquiry by employing systematic methodologies to explore silver nanoparticle synthesis and their antimicrobial activities. Upholding scientific integrity enhances the credibility of the findings, contributing to the advancement of knowledge in the respective fields.
8) Field:
Field refers to distinct areas of study or practice. In this context, it relates to fields such as nanotechnology, medicine, and pharmacology. Each field contributes to understanding the applications of silver nanoparticles in treating infections, emphasizing interdisciplinary approaches combining biology, chemistry, and health sciences for innovative medical solutions.
9) Transmission:
Transmission pertains to the transfer of pathogens causing disease. In this study, understanding how diseases like gangrene are transmitted is crucial to developing effective treatments using nanoparticle technology. Studying transmission routes helps inform prevention strategies and design targeted therapeutic approaches aimed at interrupting the cycle of infection.
10) Transformation (Transform, Transforming):
Transform refers to changing one form into another. It highlights the process of synthesizing silver nanoparticles from plant extracts, transforming silver ions into metallic particles. In the context of nanotechnology, transforming materials can lead to innovative applications in medicine, enhancing the efficacy and bioavailability of therapeutic agents.
11) Disease:
Disease signifies any condition that adversely affects the health of an organism. This study focuses on gangrene, a severe infection caused by bacterial species. Investigating the antimicrobial properties of silver nanoparticles serves as a potential approach to tackle such diseases, shedding light on alternative treatments and improving patient outcomes.
12) Cotton:
Cotton, often used for medical dressings, reflects its relevance in wound care. The study suggests potential applications of silver nanoparticles synthesized from Coleus aromaticus as a dressing material due to their antibacterial properties. This highlights how traditional materials and modern technologies can be integrated into effective therapeutic solutions.
13) Study (Studying):
A study is an organized inquiry or investigation aimed at understanding a specific topic. This research investigates the synthesis of silver nanoparticles and their antibacterial and antifungal activities. Studies like this contribute to scientific knowledge, advancing the understanding of nanotechnology's applications in medicine and improving treatment options for infections.
14) Phytochemical:
Phytochemical refers to chemical compounds produced by plants, which have potential health benefits and medicinal properties. In this study, the phytochemicals present in Coleus aromaticus contribute to the green synthesis of silver nanoparticles, demonstrating the biochemical synergy between plant extracts and metal ions for innovative therapeutic applications in healthcare.
15) Medicine:
Medicine encompasses the field focused on diagnosing, treating, and preventing diseases. This study's relevance in medicine lies in the potential use of silver nanoparticles synthesized from plant extracts for therapeutic applications. Exploring new treatments represents a vital step toward combating infectious diseases, thus enhancing patient care and outcomes.
16) Chennai:
Chennai, a major city in India, is relevant as the location where Coleus aromaticus was collected for the study. Local biodiversity contributes to research possibilities in natural medicine and synthesis methods. Understanding local plant resources can drive advancements in pharmaceuticals, promoting sustainable and accessible healthcare solutions.
17) Indian:
Indian relates to the cultural and geographical context of the study focused on indigenous plants like Coleus aromaticus. Utilizing local flora for nanoparticle synthesis highlights traditional knowledge of medicinal herbs, and promotes the exploration of traditional remedies in modern medicine, bridging ancient practices with contemporary scientific research.
18) India:
India is the geographical context of this research. The diverse flora in India, including medicinal plants like Coleus aromaticus, provides a rich source for natural product research. Exploration of these resources aids in developing sustainable, eco-friendly medical treatments, embedding local practices within global scientific advancements in nanotechnology.
19) Surface:
Surface refers to the outermost layer of materials, crucial in nanoparticle synthesis as it influences their properties and reactivity. In this study, surface analysis of synthesized silver nanoparticles aids in understanding their interaction with microbial cells, guiding research toward effective antimicrobial agents and better medical applications in treating infections.
20) Antal (Andal):
Andal refers to the Shri Andal Alagar College of Engineering, where the research was conducted. The institution's affiliation implies an academic context for the study, promoting scientific inquiry and education in fields such as biotechnology and nanotechnology, contributing to advancements in medicinal applications and research capabilities.
21) Shri (Sri, Sr):
Shri is an honorific title used in India, often reflecting respect for individuals or institutions. Here, it precedes the name of the college, emphasizing its significance in the study's academic context and fostering an environment conducive to research and development in biotechnology and associated fields.
22) Meat:
Meat references the culinary use of Coleus aromaticus, highlighting its aromatic properties in flavoring dishes. This connection underscores the dual role of the plant in nutrition and medicine, bridging traditional dietary practices with contemporary medical research, and promoting the exploration of natural products in various applications, including ethical consumption.
23) Pharmacological:
Pharmacological pertains to the study of drug action and the interactions between compounds and biological systems. In this study, understanding the pharmacological aspects of silver nanoparticles synthesized from Coleus aromaticus aids in evaluating their potential therapeutic benefits and safety profiles, influencing future drug development strategies and healthcare practices.
24) Pharmacology:
Pharmacology is the branch of medicine concerned with drug action and development. This research integrates pharmacological principles by exploring the therapeutic effects of silver nanoparticles synthesized from plant extracts. Insights from this study propel advancements in clinical applications, reinforcing the role of plants in creating effective pharmacological treatments.
25) Nanoscience:
Nanoscience explores materials at the nanoscale, focusing on their unique properties and applications. In this study, the synthesis of silver nanoparticles exemplifies nanoscience's relevance in developing innovative solutions for medical challenges. Understanding nanostructures enhances the potential for breakthroughs in treatments, emphasizing the significance of interdisciplinary research in science.
26) Measurement:
Measurement in this context refers to quantifying the properties and activities of synthesized silver nanoparticles. Evaluating parameters like particle size, absorbance, and zone of inhibition provides vital data for understanding their effectiveness and efficiency, steering future research and applications in nanotechnology and medicine toward specific clinical needs.
27) Discussion:
Discussion refers to the analytical review of findings in the study. It encompasses interpreting results, comparing with existing literature, and drawing conclusions about the efficacy of silver nanoparticles against pathogens. Engaging in discussion allows for critical evaluation of methodologies and results, fostering advancements in research and practical applications.
28) Triphala (Tri-phala):
Triphala is an herbal formulation used in traditional medicine, which may have antioxidant or therapeutic properties. Though not directly studied here, it signifies the exploration of various plants and their compounds in developing alternative treatments. This consideration enriches the dialogue on the importance of phytotherapeutic agents in contemporary medicine.
29) Toxicity:
Toxicity refers to the potential harmful effects of substances on living organisms. In this study, understanding the toxicity of silver nanoparticles is crucial for evaluating their safety in medical applications. Assessing toxicity helps inform researchers and clinicians about the risks involved, guiding effective and safe therapeutic interventions.
30) Dressing:
Dressing commonly refers to materials applied to wounds to promote healing and protect against infection. This study suggests the use of silver nanoparticles as potential antimicrobial dressings due to their effective antibacterial properties. The exploration of novel dressing materials emphasizes advancing wound care practices and improving patient outcomes in clinical settings.
31) Kambala:
Kambala refers to the name of one of the researchers involved in the study. It indicates academic contributions to the work, emphasizing collaboration and interdisciplinary approaches in scientific investigations. Recognizing individuals in research fosters acknowledgment of teamwork and collective efforts in advancing knowledge within the scientific community.
32) Lakshmi (Laksmi):
Lakshmi, as a name referencing a researcher, signifies the contribution of individuals to the study. It highlights the importance of collaboration in scientific research, where various team members play distinct roles in achieving research objectives, ultimately enriching the depth and quality of the work produced.
33) Venkata (Vemkata):
Venkata, mentioned as a part of the author's name, emphasizes the individual contribution to the research process. Acknowledging researchers by name enriches the narrative around the collaborative nature of scientific inquiry, underlining the significance of teamwork in advancing our understanding of complex scientific phenomena.
34) Tanjore:
Tanjore is the location associated with the research facility used for SEM analysis. The regional affiliation indicates collaboration between educational institutions and research centers, promoting local contributions to the scientific community. Recognizing geographic contexts in research facilitates deeper understanding of resources and training opportunities available for scientists.
35) Yavani:
Yavaani refers to the local name for Coleus aromaticus, showcasing the cultural relevance and traditional knowledge associated with medicinal plants. Understanding local terminology enriches the discourse on plant utilization in medicine and emphasizes the importance of integrating indigenous knowledge in scientific research and medical practices.
36) Santa (Shanta, Samta, Shamta):
Shanta name denotes one of the authors, reflecting the collaborative work inherent in scientific research. Acknowledging individual contributors encourages the recognition of teamwork and shared expertise, which are vital for the advancement of knowledge and innovative solutions in the medical and scientific fields.
37) Tamasa (Tamasha):
Tamasa, as another researcher’s name shining light on their contribution to the study, represents the collaborative efforts within the research team. This highlights that successful scientific endeavors often rely on the collective expertise and unique insights of multiple individuals pooled together to address complex problems.
38) Rashmi (Rasmi):
Rashmi, like the other names mentioned, signifies a researcher involved in the study. Highlighting individual names reflects the teamwork inherent in research endeavors and emphasizes the collaborative approach necessary in scientific inquiry, which is essential for challenging existing knowledge and innovating solutions.
39) Yamini:
Yamini is likely included as another researcher, indicating collaboration in the study. Recognizing collaborative efforts is crucial in science since diverse expertise often leads to more robust research findings, ultimately enhancing the validity and impact of the scientific work produced.
40) Prabhu:
Prabhu references a researcher involved in this study. Acknowledging individual contributions strengthens the sense of community among scientists, encouraging the sharing of knowledge and expertise essential for addressing the challenges present in medical research and developing innovative solutions for healthcare.
41) Shastra (Sastra):
Sastra is the name of the university where the SEM analysis took place. Educational institutions play a pivotal role in fostering research and innovation, creating an environment that nurtures scientific exploration and collaboration, ultimately leading to advancements in fields like biotechnology and nanotechnology.
42) Kanika:
Kanika, as a contributor's name, signifies the collective efforts in this research. Collaborations between various researchers enhance the developmental process of scientific studies, driving collective progress in understanding the interactions of synthesized materials and their potential applications in medicine, improving infectious disease treatments.
43) Bengal (Bemgal):
Bengal highlights the geographical and cultural context in which different folk names for Coleus aromaticus are recognized. This connection reinforces the importance of understanding local plant utilization practices, integrating regional knowledge into contemporary scientific research approaches to better appreciate and utilize biodiversity for medical advancements.
44) Pushpa (Puspa):
Pushpa reflects the individual contribution of a researcher involved in the study. Recognizing the involvement of each team member reinforces the collaborative nature of scientific work, showcasing how teamwork contributes significantly to the depth and breadth of research outcomes in medicine and allied fields.
45) Sharman (Sarma, Sharma, Sarman):
Sharma is likely the name of a researcher associated with the study. Acknowledging contributions reinforces the importance of individual roles within collaborative science, emphasizing how the integration of diverse talents and insights is key to successfully advancing research in areas such as nanotechnology and medicine.
46) Animal:
Animal refers to the biological models often utilized in experimentation. This discussion signifies the potential future explorations of the safety and efficacy of silver nanoparticles, focusing on their interactions and impacts on living cells, advancing therapeutic developments essential in understanding medical applications of synthetic materials.
47) Divya:
Divya represents one of the authors in this research. Acknowledging individual contributions highlights the collaborative effort present in scientific endeavors, reflecting the synergy required to tackle complex problems and innovate solutions in medical research, particularly in the development of new treatments for infections.
48) Parna:
Parna relates to traditional names associated with medicinal plants like Coleus aromaticus, emphasizing the relevancy of cultural knowledge in scientific inquiry. Understanding local names and practices reinforces the connection between cultural traditions and modern medical research, paving the way for leveraging nature's remedies in contemporary health solutions.
49) Barua:
Barua indicates a researcher's involvement in the study. Recognizing individual contributions to research emphasizes the collective effort necessary for advancing science. Diverse teamwork enriches the exploration of innovative applications for synthesized materials in addressing medical challenges, fostering advancements that benefit public health.
50) Malik:
Malik, as another name included in the contributors, highlights the collaborative nature of scientific research. Acknowledging various researchers reinforces the notion that progress in understanding and application of scientific principles often relies on the teamwork and shared expertise of multiple individuals working toward common goals.
51) Patta:
Patta signifies a local name for Coleus aromaticus, enhancing the understanding of the traditional significance of this medicinal plant. Knowing local nomenclature enriches the dialogue in biomedicine about how cultural perceptions shape medicinal plant utilization and their integration into contemporary medical research and practices.
52) Sudha:
Sudha, as part of the author representation, underlines collaboration in the study. Recognizing multiple contributions emphasizes the importance of teamwork in research, where integrated insights from various individuals can lead to more comprehensive understanding and innovative approaches within the scientific and medical fields.
53) Rules:
Rules signify the principles guiding the synthesis and testing protocols in the study. Establishing clear rules is essential for ensuring scientific rigor and integrity, enabling the research team to reliably evaluate the efficacy of the synthesized silver nanoparticles against various pathogens, thereby supporting valid conclusions.
54) Death:
Death relates to the severe consequences of untreated infections, such as gangrene. Understanding the mortality risks associated with such conditions highlights the urgency for developing novel antimicrobial treatments like silver nanoparticles, emphasizing the potential impact of research on improving patient care and decreasing morbidity and mortality rates.
55) Tamil:
Tamil highlights the cultural context in which the study was conducted, representing the local language and traditions in the region. Recognizing the cultural backdrop signifies the importance of integrating indigenous knowledge into scientific research, thereby enriching the understanding of local medicinal practices and promoting ethical research approaches.
56) Ravi (Ravin):
Ravi, representing a contributor's name, acknowledges the collaboration involved in the research. Highlighting individual inputs within the team assists in recognizing the importance of shared expertise in scientific studies, fostering a sense of community and collaboration necessary for advancing knowledge and innovative practices in medicine.
57) Devi:
Devi is noted as another contributor to the research, emphasizing individual involvement in the larger collaborative effort. Recognizing all authors fosters appreciation for teamwork, which is essential in scientific investigation, showcasing that each team member's contributions can significantly influence the outcomes and impact of the study.
58) Neem:
Neem is mentioned as a comparison with traditional medicinal practices, highlighting its importance in the context of natural remedies. Exploring various plant-based solutions reinforces the significance of incorporating diverse botanical resources into modern medical investigations aimed at better infection management, emphasizing the cultural wisdom in medicinal botany.
59) Food:
Food signifies the dual role of medicinal plants in both nutrition and medicine. Plants like Coleus aromaticus can contribute health benefits when consumed as food, which reflects the importance of understanding the nutritional aspects within medicinal research, promoting holistic approaches to health and wellness through diet and herbal remedies.
60) Soup:
Soup refers to a common dish where plants like Coleus aromaticus can be utilized for flavoring. This culinary aspect reflects the broader significance of traditional plant use in food preparation, bridging dietary and medicinal practices, emphasizing the utilization of herbs as both flavor enhancers and therapeutic agents.
61) Sign:
Sign refers to indications or evidence in scientific studies. In this research context, signs such as color changes in solutions indicate the successful synthesis of silver nanoparticles. Noting these signs is critical for verifying experimental outcomes, informing researchers on the effectiveness of their methods in achieving desired results.
62) Line:
Line can refer to the pathways of research or methodologies utilized in the study. Establishing clear lines of inquiry is essential for structuring scientific investigation, guiding researchers in their methodologies, and helping them trace connections between observations, leading to innovative conclusions and applications in the field.
63) Gold (Golden):
Gold, in a scientific context, often refers to the common practice of coating samples in electron microscopy to enhance conductivity. In the characterization of nanoparticles, employing gold serves technical purposes that assist in accurate imaging and analysis of nanoparticles, offering insight into their structural properties in exhaustive scientific investigations.