Spectrophotometric assay of gatifloxacin using dichloroquinoid.
Journal name: World Journal of Pharmaceutical Research
Original article title: Spectrophotometric determination of gatifloxacin with 2, 3 - dichloro-5, 6 dicyano-1, 4-benzoquinone
The WJPR includes peer-reviewed publications such as scientific research papers, reports, review articles, company news, thesis reports and case studies in areas of Biology, Pharmaceutical industries and Chemical technology while incorporating ancient fields of knowledge such combining Ayurveda with scientific data.
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Dr. Mallapu. E. Rani
World Journal of Pharmaceutical Research:
(An ISO 9001:2015 Certified International Journal)
Full text available for: Spectrophotometric determination of gatifloxacin with 2, 3 - dichloro-5, 6 dicyano-1, 4-benzoquinone
Source type: An International Peer Reviewed Journal for Pharmaceutical and Medical and Scientific Research
Doi: 10.20959/wjpr20167-6438
Copyright (license): WJPR: All rights reserved
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Summary of article contents:
Introduction
The study detailed in the article presents a spectrophotometric method for the determination of Gatifloxacin, a second-generation fluoroquinolone antibiotic, using the compound 2,3-dichloro-5,6-dicyano-1,4-benzoquinone (DDQ). Gatifloxacin is widely utilized for the treatment of various infections, particularly respiratory and urinary tract infections. The authors aimed to develop a novel, simple, rapid, and accurate method for quantifying Gatifloxacin in pharmaceutical formulations by exploiting a charge-transfer complexation reaction between the drug and DDQ in chloroform.
Charge-Transfer Complex Formation
The core principle of the proposed spectrophotometric method is based on the formation of a charge-transfer complex between Gatifloxacin and DDQ. When Gatifloxacin interacts with DDQ in a chloroform solution, an orange-red colored product is generated. This product exhibits a distinct absorbance peak measured at 470 nm, which is optimal for quantifying the concentration of Gatifloxacin. The calibration curve, derived by recording absorbance at varying concentrations of the drug, underlines the feasibility of using this reaction for analytical determinations.
Statistical Validation and Recovery Rate
To validate the accuracy and precision of the developed method, recovery experiments were conducted. The results indicated a recovery rate of between 99.99% to 100.05%, demonstrating the method's reliability. The study also performed statistical analyses on the results, including standard deviation, coefficient of variation, and student t-tests. The relatively low values of these parameters suggest high reproducibility and accuracy, reinforcing the effectiveness of the spectrophotometric method in quantifying Gatifloxacin in marketed tablet formulations.
Application to Pharmaceutical Formulations
The proposed spectrophotometric method was successfully applied to estimate Gatifloxacin in different tablet formulations. Tablets were ground to a fine powder, and a specific amount equivalent to 50 mg of Gatifloxacin was processed to prepare a solution for analysis. The method was validated against known concentrations and demonstrated that the presence of common additives and excipients in commercial formulations does not interfere with the assay, further emphasizing its practical applicability in routine laboratory settings.
Conclusion
In conclusion, the DDQ-based spectrophotometric method for the quantitation of Gatifloxacin offers a valuable tool for pharmaceutical analysis due to its simplicity, rapidity, and precision. The method has shown consistent results with statistically significant validations. Given its efficiency and compatibility with standard laboratory practices, it is advantageous for routine assessments of Gatifloxacin in pharmaceutical formulations, potentially aiding in quality control and regulatory compliance within the pharmaceutical industry.
FAQ section (important questions/answers):
What is the primary aim of the study on Gatifloxacin?
The study aims to develop a simple, rapid, and accurate spectrophotometric method for the determination of Gatifloxacin using a charge transfer complex with DDQ in chloroform.
How is Gatifloxacin prepared for the spectrophotometric analysis?
Gatifloxacin is accurately weighed, dissolved in chloroform, and diluted to achieve the desired concentration for spectrophotometric analysis in a 50 ml volumetric flask.
What method is utilized to analyze Gatifloxacin in tablet formulations?
The method involves extracting Gatifloxacin from powdered tablets with chloroform, followed by mixing with DDQ solution and measuring the absorbance at 470 nm.
What parameters indicate the accuracy and reliability of the method?
The method's accuracy is indicated by recovery values between 99.99% and 100.05%, and by statistical analysis including standard deviation and coefficient of variation, which show satisfactory low values.
What is the significance of the absorbance measurement at 470 nm?
Measuring absorbance at 470 nm allows for the quantification of the stable orange-red complex formed between Gatifloxacin and DDQ, enabling accurate concentration determination.
Why was the DDQ method considered a significant advancement?
The DDQ method is significant due to its simplicity, speed, precision, and accuracy, making it suitable for routine analysis of Gatifloxacin in pharmaceutical formulations.
Glossary definitions and references:
Scientific and Ayurvedic Glossary list for “Spectrophotometric assay of gatifloxacin using dichloroquinoid.”. This list explains important keywords that occur in this article and links it to the glossary for a better understanding of that concept in the context of Ayurveda and other topics.
1) Drug:
The term 'Drug' refers to Gatifloxacin, an antibiotic used in medical treatments. It is crucial in the study for assessing the spectrophotometric techniques used for its determination in formulations. Understanding the drug's properties enables effective drug formulation, dosage regulation, and enhances treatment efficacy for respiratory and urinary infections.
2) Rani:
Rani refers to Dr. Mallapu E. Rani, the lead researcher and head of the Department of Chemistry at Rayalseema University. Her research work is pivotal in developing analytical methods for drug analysis, emphasizing her academic and professional contributions to the pharmaceutical sciences, particularly in the study of Gatifloxacin.
3) Table:
In the context of the text, the 'Table' relates to organized data presentation, especially regarding the findings of the spectroscopic quantification of Gatifloxacin. Tables summarize the absorption spectra, calibration curves, and statistical analysis results, facilitating comprehension and interpretation of the research outcomes for readers and researchers.
4) Andhra (Amdhra):
Andhra refers to Andhra Pradesh, a state in India where the research was conducted at Rayalseema University. Understanding the geographical context is important for local academic contributions and research initiatives in pharmaceutical sciences, as it highlights regional advancements and the focus on developing analytical techniques within the state.
5) Powder:
The term 'Powder' signifies the physical state of Gatifloxacin when measured for the spectrophotometric analysis. The drug is powdered for accurate mass measurement, ensuring consistency in preparation, which is essential for the reliability and reproducibility of the spectrophotometric method applied in pharmaceutical formulations.
6) India:
India is the country where the research takes place, reflecting its growing contribution to global pharmaceutical research. The geographical context underlines India's role in academic and industrial advancements in drug analysis and development, emphasizing a regional academic approach that strengthens healthcare through enhanced drug efficacy and monitoring.
7) Study (Studying):
The 'Study' denotes the investigation aimed at developing a spectrophotometric method for determining Gatifloxacin. It emphasizes the objective of method improvement and validation in pharmaceutical sciences, aiming for increased accuracy, sensitivity, and reliability in drug measurement, which is crucial for effective clinical applications.
8) Performance:
Performance in this context refers to the effectiveness of the spectrophotometric method for Gatifloxacin analysis. This encompasses the method's accuracy, precision, and reproducibility, which are critical factors in evaluating the suitability of analytical techniques for routine quality control in pharmaceutical formulations.
9) Observation:
Observation refers to the data collected and analyzed during the study, particularly the recorded absorbance values and reaction characteristics. This highlights the importance of meticulous scientific observations in validating experimental methods and ensuring that results are consistent with established pharmaceutical standards and practices.
10) Discussion:
The 'Discussion' section serves to interpret the findings of the study in the context of existing knowledge and methodologies. It provides insights into the significance of the research outcomes, including insights on the accuracy and reliability of the proposed method compared to standard practices in drug analysis.
11) Developing:
Developing the method for the spectrophotometric analysis of Gatifloxacin underlines the importance of innovation in pharmaceutical research. It signifies the ongoing efforts to create reliable, efficient, and less expensive analytical techniques, ultimately contributing to improved healthcare practices through better drug quality assessment.
12) Antibiotic (Antibacterial):
Antibiotic refers to Gatifloxacin's classification as a medication used to treat bacterial infections. Understanding its role and action is significant for its application in treating respiratory and urinary tract infections. This highlights the vital need for precise drug quantification in formulations for effective therapeutic outcomes.
13) Water:
Water in the context of the study denotes its role as a solvent and medium for the preparation of Gatifloxacin solutions. Its significance in chemical processes emphasizes the necessity for purity and controlled conditions during drug analysis, which impact the accuracy of the spectrophotometric measurements.
Other Science Concepts:
Discover the significance of concepts within the article: ‘Spectrophotometric assay of gatifloxacin using dichloroquinoid.’. Further sources in the context of Science might help you critically compare this page with similair documents:
Statistical analysis, Statistical Significance, Calibration curve, Pharmaceutical formulation, Method validation, Spectrophotometric determination, Student t-test, Analytical reagent grade.