Microwave synthesis and antimicrobial study of chalcones and pyrazoles.
Journal name: World Journal of Pharmaceutical Research
Original article title: One pot synthesis and antimicrobial evaluation of some novel chalcones and pyrazoles from cyclic imides under microwave irradiation
The WJPR includes peer-reviewed publications such as scientific research papers, reports, review articles, company news, thesis reports and case studies in areas of Biology, Pharmaceutical industries and Chemical technology while incorporating ancient fields of knowledge such combining Ayurveda with scientific data.
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Prashant P. Chaudhari and Shankarsing S. Rajput
World Journal of Pharmaceutical Research:
(An ISO 9001:2015 Certified International Journal)
Full text available for: One pot synthesis and antimicrobial evaluation of some novel chalcones and pyrazoles from cyclic imides under microwave irradiation
Source type: An International Peer Reviewed Journal for Pharmaceutical and Medical and Scientific Research
Doi: 10.20959/wjpr20168-6824
Copyright (license): WJPR: All rights reserved
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Summary of article contents:
Introduction
In recent years, the rise of fungal infections and multi-drug resistant bacterial pathogens has sparked an urgent need for new antibacterial and antifungal agents. This study focuses on the one-pot synthesis of novel chalcones and pyrazoles derived from cyclic imides, specifically utilizing p-chloro benzaldehyde and hydrazine hydrate in the presence of a neutral alumina catalyst under microwave irradiation. The synthesized compounds were assessed for their antimicrobial activities against various bacterial and fungal strains, showcasing promising inhibitory effects.
One-Pot Synthesis of Chalcones and Pyrazoles
The innovative synthesis method established in this study allows for the effective production of chalcones and pyrazoles through a one-pot reaction process. By employing neutral alumina as a catalyst and utilizing microwave irradiation, the researchers were able to significantly reduce reaction times while achieving high yields of the target compounds. This methodology not only streamlines the synthesis process but also minimizes the need for extensive purification methods, making it a commercially viable approach for producing bioactive compounds.
Antimicrobial Activity Evaluation
The antimicrobial properties of the synthesized chalcones and pyrazoles were rigorously tested against a variety of bacterial and fungal strains. In particular, the compounds were evaluated against gram-positive bacteria such as Staphylococcus aureus and Bacillus subtilis, as well as gram-negative bacteria like Escherichia coli and Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Some of the synthesized compounds exhibited moderate to significant inhibitory activities, particularly against the gram-positive bacteria and the fungi Candida albicans and Aspergillus niger, indicating their potential as effective antimicrobial agents.
Spectroscopic Characterization
To confirm the successful synthesis of the target compounds, thorough spectroscopic analyses were performed. The characterization techniques included infrared (IR) spectroscopy and nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy. These analyses provided evidence of functional groups present in the synthesized molecules and helped confirm their structural integrity and purity. The successful characterization is essential for validating the efficacy of the synthesized compounds in biological applications.
Conclusion
In summary, this research presents a promising approach to the one-pot synthesis of novel chalcones and pyrazoles with substantial antimicrobial properties. The results highlight the potential of these compounds as effective agents against various microbial strains, particularly in light of the growing prevalence of drug-resistant infections. The innovative synthesis method, characterized by efficiency and higher yields, opens a new pathway for the development of potent antibacterial and antifungal agents. Future work will focus on further exploring these compounds' applications in the context of public health.
FAQ section (important questions/answers):
What is the focus of the research conducted by Rajput et al.?
The research focuses on the one-pot synthesis of novel chalcones and pyrazoles from cyclic imides using microwave irradiation, followed by evaluating their antimicrobial activities against various bacterial and fungal strains.
What are chalcones and pyrazoles synthesized from in this study?
Chalcones and pyrazoles were synthesized from cyclic imides and p-chloro benzaldehyde or hydrazine hydrate in the presence of neutral alumina as a catalyst.
Which bacterial and fungal strains were tested for antimicrobial activity?
The compounds were tested against gram-positive bacteria like Staphylococcus aureus, gram-negative bacteria like Escherichia coli, and fungal strains such as Candida albicans and Aspergillus niger.
What advantages does the proposed synthesis method offer?
The method offers advantages such as excellent yields, short reaction times, and low catalyst usage, making it efficient and convenient for synthesizing chalcones and pyrazoles.
What kind of activities were some compounds found to exhibit?
Some synthesized compounds displayed notable inhibitory activity against both bacterial and fungal strains, indicating potential as antimicrobial agents.
What synthesis techniques were utilized for chalcones and pyrazoles?
The study employed microwave-assisted synthesis, which is more efficient than conventional methods, promoting quicker reactions and potentially higher yields without the need for chromatographic purification.
Glossary definitions and references:
Scientific and Ayurvedic Glossary list for “Microwave synthesis and antimicrobial study of chalcones and pyrazoles.”. This list explains important keywords that occur in this article and links it to the glossary for a better understanding of that concept in the context of Ayurveda and other topics.
1) Rajput:
Rajput refers to the authors of the research article, Shankarsing S. Rajput and Prashant P. Chaudhari, who developed the synthesis method for novel chalcones and pyrazoles. Their work contributes to the field of medicinal chemistry, focusing on antimicrobial agents, which is crucial for addressing growing issues like antibiotic resistance.
2) Antibiotic (Antibacterial):
Antibiotic refers to a type of drug specifically used to treat bacterial infections. The relevance in this research is highlighted by the development of new compounds aiming to function as antibiotics, particularly important given the growing challenge of antibiotic resistance in various bacterial pathogens.
3) Aureus:
Aureus specifically refers to *Staphylococcus aureus*, a gram-positive bacterium that can cause a range of infections. It is included in the antimicrobial evaluation of synthesized compounds in the research. Understanding the efficacy of new drugs against *S. aureus* is critical due to its resistance to many antibiotics.
4) India:
India is the country where the research was conducted, specifically in the states of Rajasthan and Maharashtra. The importance lies in India being a hub for pharmaceutical research, particularly in developing novel compounds that can lead to better medical treatments for both local and global health issues.
5) Table:
In scientific research, a table organizes and presents data concisely. The study provides tables listing antibacterial and antifungal activities of synthesized compounds, aiding in the comparison of efficacy. Tables are crucial for conveying experimental results and facilitating the understanding of the research findings.
6) Drug:
Drug refers to any substance used to diagnose, cure, treat, or prevent disease. In this study, the synthesized compounds are investigated for their potential as novel drugs with antimicrobial properties. The search for effective drugs is essential in combating infectious diseases, especially with emerging multi-drug resistant strains.
7) Maharashtra (Maharastra, Maha-rashtra):
Maharashtra is one of the states in India where part of the research, specifically by Shankarsing S. Rajput, was conducted. It highlights the regional aspect of the academic and pharmaceutical landscape in India, indicating that local institutions contribute significantly to scientific advancements in medicinal chemistry.
8) Activity:
Activity refers to the biological activity of the synthesized compounds against microbial strains. In the context of this research, the term is often associated with the antibacterial and antifungal effects observed in the tested compounds, which are crucial to determining their efficacy as potential therapeutic agents.
9) Pharmacological:
Pharmacological relates to the branch of medicine that concerns the uses and effects of drugs. This term is relevant to the research as it discusses the pharmacological evaluation of newly synthesized chalcones and pyrazoles, exploring their therapeutic potential and actions against microbial infections.
10) Purification:
Purification in chemistry refers to the process of isolating a desired compound from a mixture. The study mentions purification steps such as recrystallization. Effective purification methods are crucial for obtaining high-quality compounds, which is essential for reliable biological testing and drug development.
11) Discussion:
Discussion is a section in research papers where results are interpreted and implications are addressed. The discussion in this study analyzes the significance of the antimicrobial activities observed, potential mechanisms of action, and future directions for research, which is fundamental for scientific communication.
12) Rajasthan:
Rajasthan is a state in India where one of the research contributors, Prashant P. Chaudhari, is based. This regional context is vital as it emphasizes the local educational institutions' role in scientific research and development, especially in the fields of chemistry and pharmacology.
13) Cancer:
Cancer refers to a group of diseases characterized by uncontrolled cell growth. Though not the main focus of the study, references to compounds with potential anti-cancer properties highlight ongoing concerns in medicinal research. Developing effective treatments for cancer remains a crucial area of pharmaceutical development.
14) Purity:
Purity describes the quality of a compound containing no impurities, essential for ensuring the reliability of experimental results. The study emphasizes the importance of compound purity in biological testing, as impure substances can yield misleading data, obscuring the true effects of the synthesized compounds.
15) Glass:
Glass here refers to the material used in the laboratory for various methods, such as recording melting points in open glass capillaries. The standard laboratory equipment emphasizes the research's methodological rigor and reliance on conventional techniques to obtain accurate scientific data.
16) Ivory:
Ivory, in this context, describes the color of one of the synthesized compounds, providing a visual representation of the chemical structure. Color descriptions are important in the characterization of compounds, aiding in identifying and distinguishing between different synthesized materials in research.
17) Death:
Death refers to the lethal outcomes of infections often caused by resistant strains of bacteria. The study points towards the urgency in developing new antimicrobial agents as bacterial infections can lead to significant mortality, underscoring the relevance of the researchers' work in addressing public health challenges.
18) Pune:
Pune is a city in India affiliated with the National Chemical Laboratory (NCL) where the bacterial strains for the research were sourced. It serves as a significant academic and research center, contributing to the advancement of scientific studies and the healthcare ecosystem in India.
19) Wall:
Wall may refer to the cell wall, a structural component of bacterial cells targeted by antibiotics. Understanding how new compounds interact with bacterial walls is essential for evaluating their potential effectiveness as antimicrobial agents, making this knowledge crucial for ongoing drug development efforts.
20) Life:
Life refers to the living organisms affected by microbial infections. The research's ultimate goal is to improve health outcomes by developing effective antimicrobial agents, which could mitigate infections that threaten human life. Thus, the research holds substantial implications for public health and safety.
Other Science Concepts:
Discover the significance of concepts within the article: ‘Microwave synthesis and antimicrobial study of chalcones and pyrazoles.’. Further sources in the context of Science might help you critically compare this page with similair documents:
Biological Activity, Antibacterial activities, Gram positive bacteria, Gram negative bacteria, Elemental analysis, Antifungal activities, Antimicrobial evaluation, Protocol development.