Study on hyperglycemia and oxidative stress in type 2 diabetes.
a cross sectional analysis.
Journal name: World Journal of Pharmaceutical Research
Original article title: A hospital based study on correlation between hyperglycemia, glycated hemoglobin, lipid and oxidative stress variables in type 2 diabetes mellitus subjects
The WJPR includes peer-reviewed publications such as scientific research papers, reports, review articles, company news, thesis reports and case studies in areas of Biology, Pharmaceutical industries and Chemical technology while incorporating ancient fields of knowledge such combining Ayurveda with scientific data.
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Subtitle: a cross sectional analysis.
Original source:
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Zephy Doddigarla, Iqbal Parwez and Jamal Ahmad
World Journal of Pharmaceutical Research:
(An ISO 9001:2015 Certified International Journal)
Full text available for: A hospital based study on correlation between hyperglycemia, glycated hemoglobin, lipid and oxidative stress variables in type 2 diabetes mellitus subjects
Source type: An International Peer Reviewed Journal for Pharmaceutical and Medical and Scientific Research
Doi: 10.20959/wjpr20168-6701
Copyright (license): WJPR: All rights reserved
Download the PDF file of the original publication
Summary of article contents:
Introduction
Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus (T2DM) is a metabolic disorder characterized by insufficient insulin action and elevated blood glucose levels, which can lead to dyslipidemia and oxidative stress. This oxidative stress is linked to the activation of various pathological pathways contributing to diabetes progression. Numerous factors, such as genetics, lifestyle, obesity, and notably, melatonin deficiency, play a significant role in the onset and development of T2DM. This study aims to investigate the correlations between hyperglycemia, lipid profiles, melatonin levels, and oxidative stress in T2DM patients compared to healthy controls.
Melatonin and Oxidative Stress
The findings of this study revealed significantly lower levels of melatonin in T2DM patients compared to healthy individuals, along with increased markers of oxidative stress, such as malondialdehyde (MDA). Melatonin is recognized for its antioxidant properties, and its deficiency in T2DM patients likely exacerbates oxidative stress levels. The study demonstrates a negative correlation between melatonin and glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c) in T2DM patients, indicating that higher blood glucose levels correlate with diminished melatonin. This underscores a crucial relationship between melatonin deficiency and increased oxidative stress in T2DM patients.
Glycated Hemoglobin and Lipid Profiles
The study also examined the relationships between HbA1c levels, fasting blood sugar (FBS), and lipid profiles in patients with T2DM. Results showed increased FBS, total cholesterol, triacylglycerols, low-density lipoproteins (LDL), and HbA1c levels in the T2DM group when compared to healthy controls. There was a positive correlation between HbA1c and both FBS and MDA levels, suggesting that hyperglycemia contributes to lipid peroxidation. This indicates that management of blood glucose levels could potentially mitigate the risk of oxidative stress as well as dyslipidemia in T2DM patients.
Glutathione and Its Importance
Reduced glutathione (GSH), another important antioxidant, was found to be significantly lower in T2DM patients. This reduction in GSH may compromise the body’s ability to counteract oxidative stress, worsening the effects of the disease. The correlation between GSH and melatonin in healthy controls illustrates a balanced antioxidant system. However, the absence of this correlation in T2DM patients reflects a disrupted antioxidant defense due to hyperglycemia and oxidative stress. The study emphasizes the importance of maintaining glutathione levels, as they are crucial for cellular defense against oxidative damage.
Conclusion
The research concludes that T2DM patients exhibit increased lipid peroxidation and oxidative stress, likely stemming from melatonin deficiency and decreased antioxidant defenses. Melatonin plays a pivotal role in regulating oxidative stress, and its deficiency may highlight a potential therapeutic target for improving overall antioxidant status in T2DM patients. The study suggests that addressing oxidative stress through melatonin supplementation or other means could provide a beneficial approach to managing T2DM and its complications, particularly as aging populations are more susceptible to this condition.
FAQ section (important questions/answers):
What was the objective of the study on T2DM subjects?
The study aimed to test whether melatonin affects glucose, lipids, and oxidative stress variables in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM).
How was the T2DM diagnosis made in this study?
T2DM diagnosis was based on criteria established by the American Diabetes Association, ensuring that participants met specific standards for diagnosis.
What significant findings were observed in T2DM patients?
T2DM patients exhibited low melatonin and glutathione levels alongside elevated fasting blood sugar, cholesterol, triacylglycerols, and malondialdehyde levels compared to healthy controls.
What correlations were found related to melatonin levels?
The study found a negative correlation between HbA1c and melatonin levels and positive correlations between malondialdehyde and fasting blood sugar in T2DM patients.
What role does melatonin play concerning oxidative stress in T2DM?
Melatonin is crucial for reducing oxidative stress; its deficiency in T2DM patients may contribute to increased oxidative stress and deterioration of antioxidant defenses.
How might melatonin supplementation benefit T2DM patients?
Increasing melatonin levels through supplementation could enhance antioxidant mechanisms, possibly mitigating oxidative stress and its associated risks in T2DM patients.
Glossary definitions and references:
Scientific and Ayurvedic Glossary list for “Study on hyperglycemia and oxidative stress in type 2 diabetes.”. This list explains important keywords that occur in this article and links it to the glossary for a better understanding of that concept in the context of Ayurveda and other topics.
1) Study (Studying):
A study is a systematic investigation designed to test hypotheses or answer specific questions. In this context, the study investigates the correlation between melatonin levels and various biochemical parameters in Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus (T2DM) subjects. It contributes to understanding how these factors affect diabetes outcomes and may guide future therapeutic approaches.
2) Blood:
Blood is a vital bodily fluid that carries oxygen and nutrients to cells and removes waste products. In this study, blood samples were collected from participants to measure key metabolic markers such as fasting blood sugar, lipid profiles, and oxidative stress indicators, which are crucial for diagnosing and managing T2DM.
3) India:
India is a country in South Asia where this study was conducted. The prevalence of Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus is rapidly increasing in India, making it essential to investigate local health issues. The findings from this research can help formulate effective diabetes management strategies tailored to the Indian population's unique health challenges.
4) Sugar:
Sugar, particularly glucose, is a central focus in diabetes research as elevated blood sugar levels characterize Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus. The study measures fasting blood sugar to evaluate glycemic control and its correlation with oxidative stress and other metabolic markers, providing insight into the disease's pathophysiology.
5) Table:
In research, a table is a structured arrangement of data used to present findings clearly and concisely. The tables in the study summarize key results, comparing biochemical parameters between T2DM patients and healthy controls, facilitating an understanding of the differences and significance of these findings in relation to diabetes.
6) Performance:
Performance refers to how well a given system, process, or individual operates. In the context of this study, performance metrics may refer to the effectiveness of biochemical assays in determining levels of glucose, lipids, and antioxidants. Accurate performance of these assays is crucial for drawing valid conclusions from the research.
7) Discussion:
The discussion section of a research paper interprets the results and places them within the context of existing literature. This section reflects on the study's findings concerning oxidative stress, melatonin, and T2DM, highlighting implications, limitations, and future research avenues, ultimately contributing to a broader understanding of diabetes management.
8) Collecting:
Collecting refers to the process of gathering data or samples for analysis. In this study, blood samples were collected from T2DM patients and healthy controls under specific protocols. Proper collection is critical for ensuring the reliability and validity of test results, thereby supporting the study's overall conclusions.
9) Developing:
Developing refers to the process of growth, evolution, or advancement in a particular area. In this study, developing strategies to understand the relationship between melatonin deficiency and oxidative stress in T2DM may lead to new treatment options or prevention strategies to improve metabolic health and reduce diabetes complications.
10) Substance:
In scientific contexts, substance refers to a specific matter with distinct chemical properties. This study assesses various substances like glucose, lipids, and antioxidants in participants. Understanding the interactions among these substances is key to grasping the biochemical pathways involved in Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus and oxidative stress.
11) Relative:
Relative refers to something considered in relation to something else. In this study, various metabolic markers and biochemical variables were evaluated in a relative manner between T2DM patients and healthy controls. Analyzing these relative relationships aids in understanding the risk factors and potential protective effects against diabetes complications.
12) Species:
In biology, species refers to groups of organisms capable of interbreeding. While the study focuses on human subjects, understanding species interactions and evolutionary perspectives may illuminate genetic and environmental factors influencing disease susceptibility, particularly in the context of T2DM and its relation to age and lifestyle.
13) Zoology:
Zoology is the scientific study of animals, encompassing behavior, physiology, and genetics. Although this study is primarily focused on human subjects, knowledge from zoology and comparative studies in animals can enhance understanding of metabolic disorders and may lead to discoveries relevant to Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus management.
14) Reason:
Reason refers to the rationale or justification for an action or belief. In this study, researchers seek to establish a reasoned connection between melatonin deficiency and oxidative stress in Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus. Understanding these mechanisms is essential for developing targeted therapies and improving patient outcomes.
15) Labour (Labor):
Labor refers to the human effort used in the process of research, particularly in data collection and analysis. The study necessitated significant labor from researchers in obtaining blood samples, performing biochemical assays, and interpreting data, emphasizing the effort involved in conducting meaningful scientific research.
16) Hand:
Hand typically implies manual effort or control in a specific task. In a research context, it can refer to the hands-on techniques used for collecting samples and performing assays. Skilled handling of laboratory equipment and samples is crucial for ensuring accurate measurement and reliability of research findings.
17) Drug:
A drug is a substance used for medical treatment or prevention of diseases. In this study, while not the primary focus, understanding the impact of hypoglycemic medications on metabolic parameters can provide insights into the relation between pharmacological treatment and oxidative stress in Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus patients.
Other Science Concepts:
Discover the significance of concepts within the article: ‘Study on hyperglycemia and oxidative stress in type 2 diabetes.’. Further sources in the context of Science might help you critically compare this page with similair documents:
Statistical analysis, Aging process, Fasting blood sugar, Oxidative stress, Research article, Dyslipidemia, Total cholesterol, Low-density lipoprotein, Lipid peroxidation, Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus, Reduced glutathione, Catalase, Nitric oxide, Malondialdehyde, Total antioxidant capacity, Insulin action, Correlation, Glycated Hemoglobin, Ethics review board.