Antinociceptive effects of methanol extract of Commelina benghalensis.
Journal name: World Journal of Pharmaceutical Research
Original article title: Antinociceptive activity of methanol extract of commelina benghalensis linn. whole plant.
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Tanvir Ahmad Chowdhury, Mohammad Shah Hafez Kabir, Md. Ismail Hossain, Mohammed Farhad, Tanzina Rahman, Raianul Haque, Md. Sajjad Ul Hoque, Nishanm Chakrabarty, Mahmudul Hasan, Md. Mominur Rahman
World Journal of Pharmaceutical Research:
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Full text available for: Antinociceptive activity of methanol extract of commelina benghalensis linn. whole plant.
Source type: An International Peer Reviewed Journal for Pharmaceutical and Medical and Scientific Research
Doi: 10.20959/wjpr20169-6907
Copyright (license): WJPR: All rights reserved
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Summary of article contents:
Introduction
The study conducted by Chowdhury et al. aimed to investigate the antinociceptive (pain-relieving) properties of the methanol extract of Commelina benghalensis, a perennial herb native to tropical regions, particularly in Asia and Africa. Recognizing the significant impact of pain as a symptom that leads individuals to seek medical help, the research highlights the limitations of current analgesic options, such as opiates and non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs), which may have undesirable side effects. The authors explore alternatives in herbal medicine, particularly focusing on C. benghalensis, which has been traditionally used for various ailments including pain relief.
Antinociceptive Activity Assessed Through Tests
The research utilized two primary tests to measure the antinociceptive activity of C. benghalensis: the acetic acid writhing test and the formalin-induced licking test. In the acetic acid test, oral administration of both 200 and 400 mg/kg of the methanol extract exhibited significant dose-dependent reductions in writhing when compared to control groups. Notably, the higher dose of 400 mg/kg achieved a maximum pain inhibition of 52.24%. The formalin test also showed a similar trend, with the extract reducing pain responses in both early and late phases of the test, indicating the extract's potential effectiveness against different types of pain.
Efficacy Compared to Standard Analgesics
In both tests, the efficacy of C. benghalensis was compared against diclofenac sodium, a well-established analgesic. The study found that the methanol extract not only demonstrated significant pain relief but also exhibited a profile of efficacy that was competitive with the standard drug used for comparison. For instance, in the formalin test, the highest dose of the extract significantly reduced licking time and displayed robust inhibitory activity similar to that of diclofenac sodium. This suggests that the extract may offer a viable alternative or complementary approach to conventional pain management.
Mechanism of Action
The study discusses possible mechanisms through which C. benghalensis exerts its analgesic effects. The antinociceptive properties might result from both peripheral and central mechanisms of action. The acetic acid-induced writhing test indicates the potential for peripheral action, possibly by inhibiting the synthesis of pain mediators like prostaglandins. However, the results from the formalin test suggest a central analgesic effect as well, potentially involving the activation of spinal opioid receptors. The study hypothesizes that the presence of phytochemicals such as alkaloids, glycosides, and flavonoids in C. benghalensis may underlie its analgesic effects, although further investigation is warranted to clarify the exact mechanisms.
Conclusion
The findings of Chowdhury et al. provide compelling evidence of the significant analgesic potential of Commelina benghalensis as demonstrated in various pain models. The results support the ethnomedical use of this plant for pain management and encourage further research into isolating its bioactive compounds and understanding the mechanisms involved in its pain-relieving properties. In light of the limitations associated with current analgesic medications, exploring plant-based alternatives such as C. benghalensis may offer promising new avenues for effective pain relief strategies.
FAQ section (important questions/answers):
What is the objective of the study on Commelina benghalensis?
The study aims to investigate the antinociceptive activity of the methanol extract of Commelina benghalensis using acetic acid-induced writhing and formalin tests in mice.
What methods were used to test antinociceptive activity?
Antinociceptive activity was evaluated using acetic acid-induced writhing test and formalin-induced licking test on mice, with different doses of the extract administered.
What results were observed from the acetic acid-induced writhing test?
The extract showed significant dose-dependent antinociceptive activity, with the 400 mg/kg dose achieving a maximum pain inhibition percentage of 52.24%, compared to control.
How did the formalin test results compare to the control?
In the formalin test, both doses of the extract reduced licking time significantly in both early and late phases compared to the control group.
What are some potential active components found in Commelina benghalensis?
Previous studies indicated that Commelina benghalensis contains alkaloids, glycosides, flavonoids, and saponins, which may be responsible for its analgesic properties.
What conclusion can be drawn from the study's findings?
The study concludes that methanol extract of Commelina benghalensis has significant analgesic activity and supports its traditional medicinal use for pain management.
Glossary definitions and references:
Scientific and Ayurvedic Glossary list for “Antinociceptive effects of methanol extract of Commelina benghalensis.”. This list explains important keywords that occur in this article and links it to the glossary for a better understanding of that concept in the context of Ayurveda and other topics.
1) Pain:
Pain is a significant focus in this research article as it is the primary condition the study aims to address through the antinociceptive properties of the methanol extract of Commelina benghalensis. Understanding pain and its implications for health is essential for developing effective treatments.
2) Activity:
Activity refers to the biological effects the methanol extract has shown during the experiment, particularly its antinociceptive (pain-relieving) activity. This study measures the effectiveness of the extract in reducing pain responses in animal models, highlighting its pharmacological potential.
3) Chittagong:
Chittagong is the geographical location where the research was conducted and where the Commelina benghalensis plant was collected. The significance of this location emphasizes the relevance of local flora in medicinal research and the cultural context of traditional medicine.
4) Animal:
Animal studies form a core component of pharmacological research. In this study, Swiss albino mice were used to evaluate the antinociceptive effects of the methanol extract. Animal models help in understanding potential effects and safety before human testing.
5) Study (Studying):
The term study is crucial as it encapsulates the entire research work focused on evaluating the antinociceptive activity of a specific plant extract. This systematic investigation contributes to scientific knowledge and underscores the importance of exploring natural remedies.
6) Drug:
Drug in this context refers to the active substances being tested for their medicinal properties. The methanol extract of Commelina benghalensis is studied as a potential alternative to conventional analgesic drugs, given the side effects associated with many pharmaceutical options.
7) Table:
Tables present organized data in a concise manner, essential for summarizing findings like the results of the acetic acid writhing and formalin tests. They provide clarity to the experimental outcomes and support their significance through visual representation.
8) Inflammation:
Inflammation is a biological response implicated in pain mechanisms that this study explores. By assessing the pain-relieving properties of the extract, the research indirectly addresses how it may modulate inflammatory processes, which are often involved in pain perception.
9) Substance:
Substance refers to the various compounds tested in the study, particularly the methanol extract. Understanding the biochemical nature of substances derived from plants is key to elucidating their medicinal properties and potential therapeutic applications.
10) Flavonoid:
Flavonoids are phytochemicals known for their antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties. The presence of flavonoids in Commelina benghalensis suggests a possible mechanism for its antinociceptive effects, warranting further investigation into their roles in pain management.
11) Water:
Water serves as a solvent in the extraction process of the plant material, highlighting its role in laboratory procedures for isolating active compounds. Its relevance emphasizes the importance of solvents in extracting beneficial properties from plant materials for pharmacological studies.
12) Leprosy:
Leprosy is one of the historical uses of Commelina benghalensis in traditional medicine. This mention emphasizes the plant's ethnomedicinal significance and invites further exploration of its efficacy in treating various ailments beyond pain.
13) Nausea:
Nausea is a side effect associated with many analgesics. The study seeks to explore the efficacy of the methanol extract in providing pain relief with fewer side effects, making it a valuable alternative to conventional medications that often induce nausea.
14) Kabir:
Kabir refers to Mohammad Shah Hafez Kabir, a corresponding author of the study. Including the authors' names underscores the importance of academic contribution and individual expertise in the field of pharmacology and herbal medicine.
15) Sah:
Shah is part of the name of one of the authors, indicating his role in the research process. Recognizing contributors is important in academic writing, as it reflects the collaborative nature of scientific inquiry.
16) Hind:
Hind typically relates to the Indian subcontinent, highlighting cultural and traditional practices related to herbal medicine. Understanding regional contexts enriches the study's relevance by illustrating the historical uses of plants in treating ailments.
17) Pharmacological:
Pharmacological pertains to the study of drug action and their potential therapeutic applications. This research delves into the pharmacological effects of Commelina benghalensis, aiming to validate traditional uses with scientific evidence of its pain-relieving properties.
18) Phytochemical:
Phytochemicals are bioactive compounds derived from plants studied for their health benefits. The exploration of these compounds in Commelina benghalensis emphasizes the potential for discovering new therapeutics based on natural resources for treating pain.
19) Discussion:
Discussion is a critical section of research papers that interprets results, contextualizes findings, and suggests implications. It reflects on the significance of the study's outcomes in relation to existing literature and potential future research directions.
20) Snake-bite:
Snake-bite is one of the historical medicinal uses of Commelina benghalensis. This relevance underscores the importance of traditional knowledge in discovering new therapeutic agents and validates the need for scientific investigation of folkloric uses.
21) Depression:
Depression, mentioned in relation to the plant's potential applications, highlights the broader context of treating various psychological and physical symptoms. The study’s findings may suggest implications for addressing both pain and mood disorders through herbal remedies.
22) Drowsiness:
Drowsiness is a side effect associated with many analgesics, particularly opioids. This study seeks to identify alternatives that offer pain relief without causing drowsiness, thus enhancing patient quality of life and functional capacity.
23) Psychosis:
Psychosis is another condition linked to traditional uses of Commelina benghalensis. Highlighting its relevance indicates the broad spectrum of potential therapeutic applications for the plant, warranting further research into its effects on mental health.
24) Medicine:
Medicine relates to the broader field of health sciences aimed at treating ailments. This study contributes to the body of knowledge within medicine by examining the potential of natural compounds as effective therapeutic agents.
25) Bleeding:
Bleeding is a well-known side effect of many conventional analgesics, making the search for safer alternatives like Commelina benghalensis particularly relevant. The study aims to explore its potential to provide pain relief while minimizing such adverse effects.
26) Sweating (Sweat):
Sweating is a physiological response that can accompany pain and discomfort. Understanding the antinociceptive properties of the plant may help address such symptoms, thus contributing holistic approaches to pain management.
27) Epilepsy:
Epilepsy is another indication for traditional uses of Commelina benghalensis. Mentioning it in the study highlights the plant's multifaceted therapeutic potential, prompting further investigation into its effects on neurological disorders alongside analgesic properties.
28) Science (Scientific):
Science underpins the research methodology and framework for this study. It encompasses the systematic approach to exploring the medicinal properties of Commelina benghalensis, validating traditional knowledge through empirical evidence.
29) Family:
Family refers to the botanical classification of Commelina benghalensis, which belongs to the Commelinaceae family. This classification is essential for understanding its characteristics and relationships to other plants with potential medicinal properties.
30) Nature:
Nature signifies the source of the medicinal plant being studied. The interaction between natural compounds and biological systems represents a fundamental aspect of pharmacological research, leading to discoveries that improve health outcomes.
31) Powder:
Powder refers to the form in which the plant material was processed before extraction. The technique used to create the powder is critical for maximizing the yield of active constituents for subsequent testing of its analgesic properties.
32) Indian:
Indian relates to the geographic and cultural origins of traditional practices related to botany and medicine. The study emphasizes the importance of regional knowledge in the exploration and documentation of herbal remedies.
33) Botany:
Botany, the study of plants, is vital to understanding the characteristics and benefits of Commelina benghalensis. Knowledge from this field guides the ecological aspects of plant selection and contributes to effective utilization in pharmacology.
34) Fever:
Fever is another condition traditionally treated with Commelina benghalensis. Mentioning it highlights the plant's historical use and broadens the scope of research to encompass multiple therapeutic applications beyond pain relief.
35) Genu:
Genu may refer to a genus in botany, indicating a grouping of related species. This classification provides a framework for understanding the evolutionary relationships among plants and identifies potential medicinal properties within the genus spectrum.
36) Food:
Food refers to the consumption of plants for nutritional and medicinal purposes. This study highlights the dual role of Commelina benghalensis as both a nutritional food source and a potential therapeutic agent, illustrating the interplay between diet and health.
Other Science Concepts:
Discover the significance of concepts within the article: ‘Antinociceptive effects of methanol extract of Commelina benghalensis.’. Further sources in the context of Science might help you critically compare this page with similair documents:
Acute pain, Statistical analysis, Phytochemical Investigation, Dose-dependent, Inflammatory pain, Diclofenac sodium, Acetic acid induced writhing test, Methanol extract, Analgesic, Anti-nociceptive activity, Ethnomedicinal use, Pain response, Pain disorder, Central analgesic effect.