Phytochemical screening and antifungal activity of Combretum racemosum.
Journal name: World Journal of Pharmaceutical Research
Original article title: Phytochemical screening and antifungal activities of combretum racemosum (p. beauv.) (combretaceae) extracts against five clinicals fungals strains.
The WJPR includes peer-reviewed publications such as scientific research papers, reports, review articles, company news, thesis reports and case studies in areas of Biology, Pharmaceutical industries and Chemical technology while incorporating ancient fields of knowledge such combining Ayurveda with scientific data.
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Kamou Kamou Richard, Ouattara Karamoko, Bagré Issa, Gnahoué Gouéh Ouattara Abou and Coulibaly Adama
World Journal of Pharmaceutical Research:
(An ISO 9001:2015 Certified International Journal)
Full text available for: Phytochemical screening and antifungal activities of combretum racemosum (p. beauv.) (combretaceae) extracts against five clinicals fungals strains.
Source type: An International Peer Reviewed Journal for Pharmaceutical and Medical and Scientific Research
Doi: 10.20959/wjpr201610-7140
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Summary of article contents:
Introduction
In recent years, fungal infections have become increasingly prevalent, particularly among immunocompromised individuals. These infections often lead to significant mortality rates, highlighting the need for effective treatment options. Commercial antifungal drugs come with various side effects and toxicities, especially when used for prolonged periods in vulnerable patients. This has led to a resurgence in interest in medicinal plants, which are traditionally used for their therapeutic benefits, as they offer a potentially safer and less expensive alternative. The study detailed in this article explores the antifungal properties of Combretum racemosum, a plant used in traditional medicine across Africa.
Antifungal Activity of Combretum racemosum Extracts
The primary focus of this research was to evaluate the antifungal effects of both aqueous and ethanolic extracts of Combretum racemosum against five clinically significant fungal strains: Aspergillus fumigatus, Aspergillus flavus, Trichophyton rubrum, Trichophyton mentagrophytes, and Cryptococcus neoformans. Conducted using Sabouraud medium through an incline tube double dilution method, the results demonstrated that both extracts inhibited the in vitro growth of these fungal strains significantly. Among the extracts tested, the ethanolic extract exhibited the highest antifungal activity, suggesting its potential use in treating fungal infections.
Phytochemical Composition
The study also involved a phytochemical screening of the Combretum racemosum extracts to identify secondary metabolites responsible for their antimicrobial effects. The findings revealed the presence of various compounds, including saponins, steroids, tannins, flavonoids, alkaloids, and glycosides. These metabolites contribute to the antimicrobial properties of the extracts, acting through different mechanisms, such as inhibiting cell protein synthesis and providing anti-inflammatory effects. The presence of these bioactive compounds supports the traditional use of the plant in treating various ailments.
Implications of Findings
The implications of the study are significant for both the field of pharmaceutical research and traditional medicine. Given the demonstrated efficacy of Combretum racemosum against fungal strains, there is potential for developing new antifungal therapies based on these extracts. Furthermore, the study emphasizes the importance of validating traditional knowledge through scientific research, providing a basis for the safe use of medicinal plants. The findings advocate for future research, particularly in vivo studies, to further explore the therapeutic applications of these extracts in real-world settings.
Conclusion
In conclusion, the study successfully highlighted the antifungal properties of Combretum racemosum, with a clear distinction in effectiveness between aqueous and ethanolic extracts. While both extracts showed promising results, the ethanolic extract was more potent in inhibiting fungal growth. This research contributes to a growing body of evidence supporting the use of medicinal plants in contemporary medicine, offering an avenue for alternative therapies that might mitigate the limitations associated with conventional antifungal drugs. Future explorations of Combretum racemosum in clinical settings could pave the way for innovative and safer treatments for fungal infections.
FAQ section (important questions/answers):
What is the main focus of the study conducted by Kamou Kamou Richard et al.?
The study investigates the phytochemical screening and antifungal activities of Combretum racemosum extracts against five clinical fungal strains using aqueous and ethanolic extracts to assess their potential as effective antifungal agents.
What types of fungal strains were tested in this research?
The research tested the antifungal effectiveness of extracts on Aspergillus fumigatus, Aspergillus flavus, Trichophyton rubrum, Trichophyton mentagrophytes, and Cryptococcus neoformans, which are clinically significant fungal pathogens.
How were the plant extracts prepared for the study?
The leaves of Combretum racemosum were collected, dried, and powdered. Then, 100 grams of powder were extracted with distilled water or ethanol, filtered, and concentrated to obtain the aqueous and ethanolic extracts.
What were the results of the antifungal activity tests?
All tested extracts exhibited significant inhibition of fungal growth, with the ethanolic extract demonstrating superior antifungal activity compared to the aqueous extract.
What phytochemical compounds were found in Combretum racemosum extracts?
Phytochemical screening revealed the presence of saponins, steroids, tannins, alkaloids, and flavonoids, which are known to exhibit antimicrobial properties and support the antifungal activity of the plant extracts.
What suggestion did the researchers make for future studies?
The researchers recommended conducting in vivo investigations to further explore the effectiveness and therapeutic potential of Combretum racemosum extracts in treating fungal infections.
Glossary definitions and references:
Scientific and Ayurvedic Glossary list for “Phytochemical screening and antifungal activity of Combretum racemosum.”. This list explains important keywords that occur in this article and links it to the glossary for a better understanding of that concept in the context of Ayurveda and other topics.
1) Phytochemical:
Phytochemicals are bioactive compounds found in plants that contribute to their medicinal properties. The study of phytochemicals is essential for understanding how plant extracts, like those from Combretum racemosum, exhibit antifungal and antibacterial activities. Such compounds include flavonoids, tannins, and saponins, which are vital for developing herbal remedies and evaluating their therapeutic efficacy.
2) Medium:
In microbiological studies, the term 'medium' refers to the nutrient solutions used to grow microorganisms. In this research, Sabouraud agar was utilized as the cultivation medium for fungi, allowing the evaluation of the antifungal effects of plant extracts. The choice of medium is critical as it influences the growth and behavior of the tested strains.
3) Table:
The term 'table' in the given context refers to a systematic arrangement of data presenting experimental results. In the study, tables summarize antifungal activity results for aqueous and ethanolic extracts of Combretum racemosum against various fungal strains. Tables enhance clarity and facilitate easy comparison of experimental outcomes and statistical data.
4) Activity:
In this context, 'activity' refers to the biological effectiveness of the plant extracts against fungal strains. The study measured the antifungal activity of aqueous and ethanolic extracts, determining their capacity to prevent fungal growth. This evaluation is crucial for establishing the medicinal value of Combretum racemosum as a potential alternative to commercial antifungals.
5) Powder:
The term 'powder' describes the form that the dried leaves of Combretum racemosum were processed into for extract preparation. Powdered forms increase the surface area for solvent extraction, enhancing the release of bioactive compounds. This method is critical for achieving effective concentrations of phytochemicals in the subsequent extraction processes.
6) Study (Studying):
The term 'study' refers to systematic research conducted to investigate the antifungal properties of Combretum racemosum. Research studies are fundamental in chemistry and pharmacology, as they provide evidence-based findings that can guide further research, clinical applications, and the development of herbal medicines. This particular study aims to offer insights into alternative antifungal treatments.
7) Flavonoid:
Flavonoids are a class of phytochemicals known for their antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and antimicrobial properties. The presence of flavonoids in the extracts of Combretum racemosum indicates potential health benefits. Their role in enhancing the antifungal activity further supports the therapeutic use of the plant in traditional medicine practices.
8) Water:
Water serves as a solvent in the extraction process of phytochemicals from plant materials. In the study, aqueous extracts were prepared using distilled water to dissolve the active compounds. Water's significance as a universal solvent underscores its ability to extract hydrophilic constituents, which contributes to the effectiveness of herbal formulations.
9) Drug:
In this context, 'drug' refers to any compound, often synthesized or derived from natural sources, used for medicinal purposes. The study compares the antifungal activities of Combretum racemosum extracts to conventional antifungal drugs like ketoconazole, highlighting the potential of natural products in pharmaceutical applications and addressing drug resistance issues.
10) Tuberculosis:
Although not the primary focus of the study, tuberculosis is mentioned as a disease that affects individuals with compromised immune systems. Understanding the antifungal properties of Combretum racemosum may contribute to broader research on treating opportunistic infections in tuberculosis patients, where systemic fungal infections could pose significant health threats.
11) Discussion:
The 'discussion' section of a research paper interprets the findings, placing them in context with existing literature. In this study, the discussion would explore the implications of the antifungal activity results, the relevance of phytochemical compounds, and the potential for integrating these findings into herbal medicinal practices.
12) Science (Scientific):
'Science' refers to the systematic study of the natural world, including biology, chemistry, and pharmacology. The research conducted on Combretum racemosum is rooted in scientific principles that aim to understand the efficacy and mechanisms of plant extracts, bridging traditional knowledge with modern scientific validation in medicinal applications.
13) Teaching:
While not explicitly addressed in the study, 'teaching' suggests the educational aspect of disseminating knowledge about traditional medicinal plants and their uses. The research can serve as a resource for educational purposes, increasing awareness among students, practitioners, and the community about herbal alternatives to conventional medicine.
14) Crushing:
'Crushing' refers to the mechanical process used to break down plant material into smaller fragments, maximizing the surface area for extraction. In the study, crushing the dried leaves of Combretum racemosum before extracting is crucial for effectively isolating beneficial phytochemicals, enhancing the quality of the final aqueous and ethanolic extracts.
15) Disease:
The term 'disease' encompasses any condition that impairs normal functioning, which is pertinent when discussing fungal infections in immunocompromised patients. Insights from the study may have potential implications for treating diseases characterized by fungal infections, highlighting the need for effective, natural antifungal alternatives.
16) Chanda (Chamda):
Chanda is referenced as an author whose prior work contributes to the literature on the antimicrobial properties of Combretum racemosum. His research provides a basis for comparison and supports the credibility of the findings presented in the current study, demonstrating the interconnectedness of scientific contributions in the field.
17) Family:
In botanical terms, 'family' classifies groups of related plants sharing common characteristics. Combretum racemosum belongs to the Combretaceae family, known for several species with medicinal properties. Understanding plant family relationships aids in the identification of potential medicinal uses and guides further phytochemical investigations.
18) Nature:
'Nature' here refers to the inherent qualities and properties of natural substances, particularly medicinal plants. Recognizing the importance of nature in health care emphasizes using plant-derived compounds in treating ailments, directing research towards sustainable practices that leverage natural resources for effective therapeutic agents.
19) Reason:
'Reason' signifies the rationale behind conducting the study, which is to explore the antifungal potential of Combretum racemosum extracts as a response to increasing fungal infections in vulnerable populations. The reason emphasizes the necessity for research aimed at discovering affordable, effective alternatives to conventional antifungal treatments.
20) Cotton:
In the context of the study, 'cotton' is used during the filtration process of extracts after centrifugation. Cotton helps in clarifying the plant extracts by trapping and removing solid particles, allowing for a purer final product that retains the active phytochemicals intended for biological testing.
21) Botany:
'Botany' refers to the scientific study of plants, encompassing their structure, properties, and biochemical processes. This field is integral to understanding the medicinal uses of plants like Combretum racemosum, helping to document their benefits and guide the extraction and analysis of valuable phytochemicals found in such plants.
22) Fabric:
'Fabric' in this context should be understood as a material, likely referring to the square of fabric used in the filtration process. Filtration through fabric aids in separating liquid extracts from solid plant materials, ensuring that the resulting extract is clean and suitable for subsequent experimentation.
Other Science Concepts:
Discover the significance of concepts within the article: ‘Phytochemical screening and antifungal activity of Combretum racemosum.’. Further sources in the context of Science might help you critically compare this page with similair documents:
Medicinal plant, Active principle, Phytochemical screening, Antimicrobial properties, Antifungal activity, Aqueous extract, Ethanolic extract, IC 50 value, Traditional medical practice, Side effect, Immunocompromised individuals.