Virulence factors of coagulase-negative staphylococci in UTIs
Journal name: World Journal of Pharmaceutical Research
Original article title: Study of some virulence factor of co-agulase negative staphyloccus (cons) isolated from urinary tract infections (uti)
The WJPR includes peer-reviewed publications such as scientific research papers, reports, review articles, company news, thesis reports and case studies in areas of Biology, Pharmaceutical industries and Chemical technology while incorporating ancient fields of knowledge such combining Ayurveda with scientific data.
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Dr.Nihad Khalawe Tektook, Eptissam Younan PirkoDr. Hayat Kadhim Salman
World Journal of Pharmaceutical Research:
(An ISO 9001:2015 Certified International Journal)
Full text available for: Study of some virulence factor of co-agulase negative staphyloccus (cons) isolated from urinary tract infections (uti)
Source type: An International Peer Reviewed Journal for Pharmaceutical and Medical and Scientific Research
Doi: 10.20959/wjpr201611-7174
Copyright (license): WJPR: All rights reserved
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Summary of article contents:
1) Introduction
Coagulase-negative staphylococci (CONS) have gained recognition as significant pathogens, particularly in nosocomial infections related to indwelling medical devices. This study aims to investigate various virulence factors of CONS strains isolated from urinary tract infections (UTIs). A total of 645 clinical samples, including blood, catheter, urine specimens, wound swabs, and skin and nasal swabs from hospital staff, were collected and analyzed. The results highlight the diversity of bacterial isolates and emphasize the prevalence of CONS in UTIs, specifically focusing on the isolation and characterization of different Staphylococcus species.
2) Prevalence of Coagulase-Negative Staphylococci
In the study, out of the 645 clinical samples, 73 isolates (17%) were identified as coagulase-negative staphylococci, with Staphylococcus epidermidis being the most prevalent species at 68.5%. Other species included Staphylococcus saprophyticus (13.7%) and Staphylococcus lentus (6.85%). The findings indicate that while CONS are generally regarded as part of the skin flora, they can become opportunistic pathogens, especially in vulnerable patient populations or in the presence of medical devices. This underscores the significance of monitoring and understanding the role of CONS in healthcare-associated infections.
3) Biochemical Testing and Identification
Various biochemical tests were conducted on the isolated CONS to identify their characteristics and potential virulence factors. Tests such as catalase, coagulase, oxidase, and fermentation ability for different sugars were performed, with results indicating that all isolated CONS species produced catalase. Additionally, the isolates were subjected to both the API Staph system and VITEK-2 automated identification systems, which confirmed the identification of common strains, aligning with conventional biochemical methodologies. The study highlighted the effectiveness of these systems in differentiating between Staphylococcus species, noting some limitations in their accuracy.
4) Virulence Factors Associated with Coagulase-Negative Staphylococci
The study investigated multiple virulence factors produced by CONS, including urease and lipase. Notably, Staphylococcus epidermidis isolates were urease-positive and lipase-positive, whereas no DNase was detected in this species. Urease and lipase production may enhance the persistent ability of these bacteria in host tissues and facilitate infection. The findings suggest that the virulence of CONS is not solely dependent on these factors but also influenced by host conditions and the use of invasive medical interventions.
5) Conclusion
The research highlights the importance of considering coagulase-negative staphylococci as significant pathogens in the context of urinary tract infections and other healthcare-associated infections. The study's findings illustrate a clear prevalence of CONS, particularly Staphylococcus epidermidis, and underscore the necessity for accurate identification and testing of virulence factors. Understanding these elements will enhance our ability to manage and prevent infections caused by these opportunistic pathogens, thereby improving patient outcomes in clinical settings.
FAQ section (important questions/answers):
What is the significance of coagulase negative staphylococci (CONS)?
Coagulase negative staphylococci are important nosocomial pathogens, often associated with infections in patients with medical devices and urinary tract infections.
What were the primary bacteria isolated in the study?
The predominant bacteria isolated included Pseudomonas spp. at 19.9% and Coagulase Negative Staphylococci at 17%, primarily Staphylococcus epidermidis.
How were the clinical samples cultured and identified?
Samples were cultured on blood and MacConkey agar, then identified by colony morphology, biochemical tests, and automated systems like VITEK-2 and API Staph.
Which biochemical tests were performed for bacterial identification?
Biochemical tests included catalase, coagulase, urease, sugar fermentation, and novobiocin sensitivity tests, which helped differentiate between various staphylococcal species.
What virulence factors did the isolated Staphylococcus species produce?
Isolated species produced urease and lipase, contributing to their virulence, while other factors like DNase and lecithinase were not produced by some strains.
What role does Staphylococcus epidermidis play in infections?
Staphylococcus epidermidis is commonly isolated from infections related to catheters and wounds, highlighting its role in nosocomial infections due to its virulence factors.
Glossary definitions and references:
Scientific and Ayurvedic Glossary list for “Virulence factors of coagulase-negative staphylococci in UTIs”. This list explains important keywords that occur in this article and links it to the glossary for a better understanding of that concept in the context of Ayurveda and other topics.
1) Species:
In microbiology, 'species' is a fundamental taxonomic category that refers to a group of organisms capable of interbreeding and producing fertile offspring. In the context of the study, various species of coagulase-negative staphylococci (CONS) were isolated and identified, highlighting their relevance in urinary tract infections and other nosocomial infections.
2) Study (Studying):
The term 'study' denotes a systematic investigation into a specific subject. This research focuses on the virulence factors of coagulase-negative staphylococci in urinary tract infections, employing various biochemical tests to understand their pathogenicity and prevalence among clinical specimens, which is vital for improving treatment strategies.
3) Table:
Tables serve as organized representations of data, allowing for easy comparison and understanding of results. In this study, tables summarize the isolation and biochemical characteristics of different bacterial species, including their prevalence rates and virulence factors, making the information accessible for analysis and interpretation.
4) Aureus:
Staphylococcus aureus is a significant pathogenic bacterium recognized for causing various infections. Its presence in the study is essential for comparing its virulence and prevalence with coagulase-negative staphylococci. Understanding the role of S. aureus can aid in creating targeted treatments for infections caused by staphylococci.
5) Blood:
Blood samples are crucial in clinical microbiology for identifying infections. The study involved blood cultures, allowing researchers to isolate pathogens like CONS. Analyzing bacterial presence in blood provides insights into their role in systemic infections and the effectiveness of treatment protocols in clinical settings.
6) Sugar:
Fermentation of sugars by bacteria serves as an important diagnostic tool in microbiology. In the study, sugar fermentation tests helped identify different coagulase-negative staphylococci species based on their metabolic capabilities, which aids in differentiating pathogenic strains and understanding their ecological niches.
7) Medium:
In microbiological studies, 'medium' refers to the nutrient-rich substances used for culturing microorganisms. The choice of medium, such as blood agar or MacConkey agar, directly affects the growth and isolation of specific bacteria, thereby influencing the accuracy of the study's results and findings.
8) Burning (Burn, Burned, Burnt):
Burn wounds are significant sites for microbial colonization and infection, particularly by opportunistic pathogens. This study's focus on burn swabs highlights the importance of understanding the role of CONS and other bacteria in wound infections, contributing to better management and treatment strategies for patients.
9) Water:
Water, commonly used in various laboratory procedures, is vital for the dissolution of nutrients and reagents, essential for microbial growth and biochemical testing. Understanding its quality and sterilization is crucial in ensuring reliable results in microbial studies, preventing contamination and erroneous data.
10) Genu:
The term 'genu' does not appear to have explicit relevance in the context of the study. However, it is likely intended to refer to 'genus,' a taxonomic category that groups closely related species. Identifying the genus of isolated bacteria aids in understanding their relationships and clinical significance.
11) Activity:
Activity refers to the biological functions exhibited by microorganisms, such as enzyme production or metabolic processes. The study investigates the activity of coagulase-negative staphylococci regarding their virulence factors, which plays a crucial role in their pathogenicity and ability to cause infections.
12) Salt (Salty):
Salt concentration in culture media can affect bacterial growth and fermentation processes. The study may consider salt tolerance and its impact on coagulase-negative staphylococci survival, providing insights into their ecological adaptations, especially in hospital environments where saline solutions are often used.
13) Accumulation (Accumulating, Accumulate):
Accumulation refers to the buildup of substances, such as metabolic byproducts in bacterial cultures. In this study, monitoring the accumulation of various metabolic products helps in understanding bacterial behaviors and their capabilities to survive and thrive in the presence of specific substances.
14) Observation:
Observation encompasses the careful monitoring of experimental results during microbiological tests. This study relies on observations to record changes in culture characteristics, biochemical reactions, and the presence of bacteria, which are essential for drawing conclusions about the virulence and behavior of the studied microorganisms.
15) Discussion:
The discussion section of scientific research interprets the results, compares them with existing literature, and explores their implications. In this study, the discussion helps in understanding the significance of the findings related to coagulase-negative staphylococci, contributing to the broader context of pathogen management and treatment.
16) Education:
Education plays a critical role in disseminating knowledge about microbial pathogenesis and clinical microbiology. This research contributes to educational efforts by providing data on coagulase-negative staphylococci, aiding healthcare professionals in better understanding infections, diagnostics, and treatment methodologies.
17) Turan:
Duran likely refers to an author cited in the study, contributing research or findings related to coagulase-negative staphylococci or their clinical implications. This inclusion emphasizes the interconnectedness of scientific research and how previous works inform current studies in microbiology.
18) Line:
Line may refer to a lineage or strain of bacteria within a species. Understanding the genetic lineage of coagulase-negative staphylococci can aid in tracking the evolution of their virulence and resistance mechanisms, which is crucial for epidemiological studies and public health management.
19) Gold (Golden):
In microbiological terms, 'gold standard' refers to the best available method for diagnosing or identifying a condition or organism. Establishing a gold standard for identifying coagulase-negative staphylococci ensures accurate diagnosis and treatment, ultimately leading to improved patient outcomes in clinical settings.
Other Science Concepts:
Discover the significance of concepts within the article: ‘Virulence factors of coagulase-negative staphylococci in UTIs’. Further sources in the context of Science might help you critically compare this page with similair documents:
Staphylococcus aureus, Urinary tract infection, Molecular identification, Biochemical test, Gram stain, S.epidermidis, Coagulase negative Staphylococci, Nosocomial pathogen, Indwelling medical devices, Hospital staff, Virulence factor, Clinical sample.