Hepatoprotective activity of Lilium candidum evaluated in animals.
Journal name: World Journal of Pharmaceutical Research
Original article title: Evaluation of hepatoprotective activity of lilium candidum.l in experimental animal models
The WJPR includes peer-reviewed publications such as scientific research papers, reports, review articles, company news, thesis reports and case studies in areas of Biology, Pharmaceutical industries and Chemical technology while incorporating ancient fields of knowledge such combining Ayurveda with scientific data.
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N. Indira Devi (M. Pharm), S. Nelson Kumar and C. Rajaram
World Journal of Pharmaceutical Research:
(An ISO 9001:2015 Certified International Journal)
Full text available for: Evaluation of hepatoprotective activity of lilium candidum.l in experimental animal models
Source type: An International Peer Reviewed Journal for Pharmaceutical and Medical and Scientific Research
Doi: .10.20959/wjpr201612-7420
Copyright (license): WJPR: All rights reserved
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Summary of article contents:
Introduction
Lilium Candidum, commonly known as Madonna lilies, is a plant known for its potential medicinal properties, including hepatoprotective activity. The liver plays a crucial role in maintaining overall health by regulating various physiological processes and detoxifying harmful substances. Liver diseases, such as jaundice, are prevalent, and conventional allopathic treatments may not provide adequate solutions. Motivated by the therapeutic potential of medicinal plants, this study aimed to investigate the hepato protective effects of Lilium Candidum through the evaluation of its aqueous extracts in experimental animal models using drug-induced hepatotoxicity.
Phytochemical Analysis and Identification
The study included a thorough pharmacognostic evaluation of Lilium Candidum flowers, focusing on their physicochemical properties and phytochemical constituents. Various tests were conducted to identify key phytochemicals, such as alkaloids, flavonoids, saponins, tannins, and triterpenes. The findings revealed the presence of several bioactive compounds, particularly tannins and alkaloids, which are known for their medicinal benefits. The evaluation of phytochemicals establishes a foundation for understanding the therapeutic properties of Lilium Candidum and underscores its value in traditional medicine.
Hepatoprotective Activity Evaluation
The investigation into the hepatoprotective activity of Lilium Candidum was conducted through multiple models of drug-induced hepatotoxicity, including those induced by diclofenac, carbon tetrachloride (CCl4), and acetaminophen. The results demonstrated that the methanol extract of Lilium Candidum significantly restored elevated serum marker enzymes and biochemical parameters, such as alanine aminotransferase (ALT), aspartate aminotransferase (AST), alkaline phosphatase (ALP), and blood urea nitrogen (BUN) levels. Treatment with the extract effectively reversed liver damage indicators, revealing its potential as a hepatoprotective agent comparable to the standard drug, silymarin.
Antioxidant Activity and Liver Function
In addition to restoring biochemical markers, Lilium Candidum also exerted effects on liver antioxidant levels and functions. The study reported increased levels of total protein, glutathione (GSH), and enhanced activities of antioxidant enzymes like catalase and glutathione peroxidase (GPx) in treated groups. These findings highlight the extract's role in mitigating oxidative stress and supporting liver function. By improving antioxidant defenses, Lilium Candidum may contribute to reducing the liver's vulnerability to damage caused by toxic substances.
Conclusion
The findings of this study suggest that the methanol extract of Lilium Candidum exhibits significant hepatoprotective and antioxidant properties, supporting its traditional use in herbal medicine. The extract's ability to restore biochemical parameters and liver function in various models of hepatotoxicity demonstrates its therapeutic potential. Notably, the acute toxicity studies indicated that the extract was non-toxic at the tested doses, warranting further investigation into its pharmacological mechanisms and applications. Overall, Lilium Candidum presents promising opportunities for developing natural hepatoprotective agents that could supplement existing treatments for liver diseases.
FAQ section (important questions/answers):
What is the aim of the study on Lilium candidum?
The study aimed to evaluate the hepato protective activity of Lilium candidum flowers, analyzing its phytochemical constituents and pharmacological effects in drug-induced hepatotoxicity models in rats.
What methods were used to induce hepatotoxicity in rats?
Hepatotoxicity was induced in rats using Diclofenac, Carbon Tetrachloride (CCL4), and Acetaminophen. The rats were divided into groups to assess the protective effects of Lilium candidum extract.
What were the doses of Lilium candidum extract used in the study?
The study used two doses of Lilium candidum extract, 400 mg/kg and 600 mg/kg body weight, administered orally for five consecutive days prior to inducing hepatotoxicity.
What significant effects were observed from Lilium candidum treatment?
Lilium candidum treatment significantly normalized elevated serum enzyme levels, restored total protein, albumin, and antioxidant activities in liver tissues compared to the toxin control group in hepatotoxicity models.
Were there any observed toxicity effects from Lilium candidum?
The acute toxicity study found no mortality or significant adverse effects from Lilium candidum extract at doses of 450, 1800, and 3600 mg/kg, suggesting it is non-toxic.
What future studies are suggested based on the findings?
Future studies should investigate the detailed mechanisms of action of Lilium candidum, along with sub-acute and chronic toxicity evaluations to better understand its safety profile.
Glossary definitions and references:
Scientific and Ayurvedic Glossary list for “Hepatoprotective activity of Lilium candidum evaluated in animals.”. This list explains important keywords that occur in this article and links it to the glossary for a better understanding of that concept in the context of Ayurveda and other topics.
1) Activity:
Activity refers to the biological effect or function exhibited by a substance, particularly concerning its therapeutic potentials. In pharmacology, assessing the activity of various compounds, such as Lilium candidum, helps determine effectiveness in protecting and restoring liver function. This evaluation is crucial for developing potential medicinal treatments.
2) Animal:
Animal studies are fundamental in pharmacological research, providing insight into the effects of substances on living organisms. In this study, Wistar albino rats were utilized to evaluate the hepatoprotective activity of Lilium candidum. Results obtained from animal models are often extrapolated to predict human responses.
3) Drug:
A drug is a chemical substance used to prevent, diagnose, treat, or alleviate the symptoms of diseases. The study investigates the hepatoprotective effects of Lilium candidum against hepatotoxic drugs like acetaminophen and diclofenac, highlighting the plant's potential as a therapeutic agent in liver damage.
4) Devi:
N. Indira Devi is the primary author of the study discussed. Authors in scientific research are critical as they establish credibility and accountability for the research findings. Devi's work in pharmacology contributes to understanding the protective properties of natural substances against chemical-induced liver damage.
5) Study (Studying):
A study in the context of this document signifies systematic investigation involving experiments and analysis aimed at discovering new knowledge. This particular study focused on the hepatoprotective activity of Lilium candidum, addressing its benefits and effectiveness in mitigating liver damage induced by toxins.
6) Water:
Water serves as a vehicle for administering substances in pharmacological experiments. In this research, sterile distilled water was used as the control treatment for the rats. It is essential for maintaining hydration, dilution of substances, and as a solvent in the preparation of extracts.
7) Powder:
Powder refers to the finely ground form of plant material used in the study. The flowers of Lilium candidum were dried and ground into powder for extraction. This process is vital for maximizing the yield of bioactive compounds and ensuring effective phytochemical analysis and dosing.
8) Toxicity:
Toxicity indicates the degree to which a substance can harm living organisms. This study focused on evaluating the hepatotoxic effects of drugs like acetaminophen and diclofenac, while also assessing the protective effects of Lilium candidum extracts, emphasizing the significance of monitoring toxicological responses in pharmacological research.
9) Relative:
Relative in this context refers to the proportional comparison of results, such as liver weight in relation to normal and toxin control groups. It helps in evaluating the impact of treatments on biological parameters, thus providing a clearer picture of the efficacy and safety of the substances tested.
10) Phytochemical:
Phytochemicals are naturally occurring compounds found in plants that may provide health benefits. This study includes phytochemical screening of Lilium candidum, identifying active compounds responsible for its therapeutic effects. Understanding these compounds is crucial for the development of herbal medicines and evaluating their safety and efficacy.
11) Flavonoid:
Flavonoids are a group of bioactive compounds known for their antioxidant properties and potential health benefits. The study hypothesizes that the Lilium candidum extract, rich in flavonoids, may exhibit hepatoprotective effects through its antioxidant activity, contributing to the protection against drug-induced liver damage.
12) Blood:
Blood serves as a crucial medium in the assessment of biochemical parameters during the study. By analyzing serum samples, researchers can determine the levels of liver enzymes and other indicators of liver function, helping to understand the hepatoprotective effects of Lilium candidum in animal models.
13) Substance:
Substance refers to any material or compound that can have an effect on biological systems. In this study, the substance of interest is Lilium candidum, whose extracts are being evaluated for their potential protective properties against hepatotoxicity induced by various drugs, aligning with the goals of pharmacology.
14) Pharmacology:
Pharmacology is the branch of medicine focused on the study of drugs and their effects on biological systems. This study contributes to pharmacology by investigating the hepatoprotective activity of a natural plant extract, providing valuable insights into alternative therapies for liver diseases, and expanding our pharmacological knowledge.
15) Species:
Species refer to a group of organisms that can interbreed and produce fertile offspring. In this research, Lilium candidum as a species is evaluated for its pharmacological properties. Identifying specific species is essential for understanding their biochemical composition and relevance in traditional or modern medicine.
16) Pharmacological:
Pharmacological pertains to the study of drugs, their properties, effects, and mechanisms of action. This study explored the pharmacological aspect of Lilium candidum, evaluating its potential as a natural hepatoprotective agent, which could lead to the development of herbal-based therapies for liver disorders.
17) Kadapa:
Kadapa is a geographical location listed in the study, home to the institution where the authors conducted their research. Acknowledging the locale adds context to the study, indicating the local flora being examined and its significance to ethnomedicine relevant to the region of India.
18) Table:
A table is utilized in research documents to organize and present data clearly. In this study, tables would summarize findings from the biochemical analyses or phytochemical tests, facilitating easier comprehension and comparison of results, thus enhancing the clarity of the research outcomes.
19) Rami:
Rami refers to the Rami Reddy Memorial College of Pharmacy, affiliated with the study's authors. Establishing institutional credentials adds credibility to the research, supporting the academic and scientific rigor behind the findings, and indicating a commitment to advancing pharmaceutical sciences.
20) Male:
Male refers to the sex of the rats used in the study. Gender can influence biological responses and pharmacological outcomes; thus, specifying the sex helps in interpreting the results more accurately and understanding any variations that may arise in biological responses to treatments.
21) Pharmacognostical:
Pharmacognostical relates to the study of medicinal drugs derived from plants or other natural sources. The study's focus on the pharmacognostical analysis of Lilium candidum is an integral part of validating its medicinal potential and ensuring the authenticity and quality of herbal preparations.
22) Inflammation:
Inflammation is a biological response to stimuli such as injury or infection and can lead to various diseases. The research context may involve understanding how Lilium candidum has potential anti-inflammatory properties, indicating its usefulness in treating conditions where inflammation plays a role, like liver damage.
23) Discussion:
Discussion refers to the section of a study where authors interpret results, compare findings with existing literature, and provide insights on implications. This segment is crucial for contextualizing the research outcomes, highlighting the significance of the findings in broader scientific and medicinal contexts.
24) Medicine:
Medicine encompasses the science and practice of diagnosing, treating, and preventing disease. The research into Lilium candidum aims to contribute to the field of herbal medicine by substantiating claims regarding plant-based treatments for liver ailments, thus promoting the integration of traditional and modern therapeutic approaches.
25) Entering:
Entering signifies the process of discovery or the introduction of new knowledge and substances into a field. In the context of this study, it implies the exploration of Lilium candidum's potential for being integrated or 'entering' the market as a viable medicinal product for liver health.
26) Disease:
Disease refers to any condition that impairs physical or mental health. The study's emphasis is on liver diseases, exploring how hepatoprotective agents like Lilium candidum can offer therapeutic benefits. This raises awareness about the role of medicinal plants in public health and disease management.
27) Baroda:
Baroda is a city in India associated with the source of commercial feed for the laboratory rats used in the study. While not the focal point, acknowledging Baroda indicates logistical aspects of research ensuring animals were well-fed and taken care of, which reinforces ethical research principles.
28) Family:
Family, in scientific classification, refers to a group of related species. In this study, Lilium candidum belongs to the family Liliaceae. Recognizing the family aids in understanding the plant's characteristics and potential therapeutic effects based on phylogenetic relationships and shared attributes with other family members.
29) Reason:
Reason refers to the underlying motivation or justification for conducting the study. The reason behind examining Lilium candidum centers on its traditional use in folk medicine, with the aim of scientifically validating its hepatoprotective claims and enhancing the understanding of its therapeutic potential.
30) India:
India is the geographical context for this research, highlighting where Lilium candidum is commonly found and utilized in traditional medicine. Recognizing the cultural and botanical significance of Indian flora emphasizes the relevance of local plants in exploring their medicinal properties in pharmacological studies.
31) Kumar:
S. Nelson Kumar is a co-author of the research study. The involvement of multiple researchers adds credibility and depth to the investigation, indicating collaborative efforts in exploring the phytochemical and pharmacological properties of Lilium candidum and enriching the overall quality of the research.
32) Ulcer:
Ulcer refers to a sore that develops on the lining of the stomach, intestines, or mouth, and is mentioned in relation to the medicinal uses of Lilium candidum. Understanding the plant's efficacy in treating ulcers showcases its broader therapeutic implications beyond just hepatoprotective effects.
33) Death:
Death represents the ultimate consequence of severe disease and toxicity. This study's exploration of hepatoprotective compounds is critical to prevent liver failure, which can lead to death. Highlighting the relationship between toxicity, liver health, and effective treatment emphasizes the urgency of such research.
34) House:
In the research context, 'house' pertains to the living conditions of animals used in the study. Proper housing for laboratory animals is vital for welfare and stress reduction, ensuring that experimental results are not confounded by environmental stressors, thereby supporting ethical standards in research.
35) Straw:
Straw, mentioned as bedding material for the cages housing experimental rats, indicates attention to animal welfare. Providing appropriate bedding mitigates stress and encourages natural behaviors, which is essential for maintaining the health of the subjects and ensuring the validity of experimental results.
36) Sign:
Sign refers to an indication or a symptom that demonstrates a biological phenomenon. In pharmacological research, signs may include changes in liver function, biochemical parameters, or observed physiological responses after treatment with substances like Lilium candidum, providing insight into its effectiveness.
37) Cage:
Cage denotes the contained environment where the experimental animals are housed during the study. The conditions of the cage are essential for ensuring the welfare of the animals, which in turn affects the integrity of experimental data and highlights ethical considerations in animal research.
38) Rich (Rch):
Rich pertains to the concentrations and abundance of specific bioactive compounds within Lilium candidum. This characteristic is critical in pharmacology as it suggests a greater potential for therapeutic benefits, specifically regarding the plant's efficacy in providing protective effects against liver damage.
39) Burning (Burn, Burned, Burnt):
Burn refers to a type of injury that Lilium candidum has been traditionally used to treat. Investigating this historical application highlights the plant's significance in folk medicine and its potential broader role in wound healing and reparative processes within biological systems.
40) Lily:
Lily refers to the flower of Lilium candidum, the central focus of the study. This flowering plant is significant not only for its ornamental value but also for its potential therapeutic benefits, particularly in hepatoprotection, emphasizing the intersection of botany and medicine.
Other Science Concepts:
Discover the significance of concepts within the article: ‘Hepatoprotective activity of Lilium candidum evaluated in animals.’. Further sources in the context of Science might help you critically compare this page with similair documents:
Natural product, Herbal medicine, Complementary and alternative medicine, Statistical analysis, Oral administration, Pivotal role, Hepato-protective activity, Pharmacological activities, Phytochemical screening, Phytochemical analysis, Oxidative stress, Hepatotoxicity, Hepatoprotective activity, Quantitative analysis, Drug Induced Hepatotoxicity, Non Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease, Folklore medicine, Carbon tetrachloride, Acute toxicity study, Body weight, Standard drug, Serum biochemical parameters, Blood biochemical parameters, Histological assessment, Methanolic extract, Methanol extract, Normal control group, Hepatic damage, Alkaline phosphatase, Total protein, Alanine amino transferase, Silymarin, Animal experiment, Soxhlet Apparatus, Acetaminophen, Serum total protein, Experimental Animal Model, Pharmacognostical profile, Flavonoids presence, CCl4 induced hepatotoxicity, Blood Urea Nitrogen, Recent advances, Animal Study, Acetaminophen-induced hepatotoxicity, Serum marker enzymes, Liebermann-Burchard Reaction, Biomarkers of oxidative stress, Saponins presence, Aspartate Amino Transferase, Total Protein Level, Enzyme levels, Alkaline phosphatase activity, Relative liver weight, Biochemical parameter, Dose calculation, Diclofenac induced hepatotoxicity, Liver weight, Tannins presence, Phyto-constituent, Phytochemical parameter, Serum alanine aminotransferase, Keller-Kiliani Test, Behavioral change, Dosage level, Aluminum hydroxide, Acute hepatotoxicity, GSH LEVEL, Wistar albino rat, Aspartate aminotransferase activity, Pharmacological interaction, CAT activity, GPx activity, Frothing test, Clinicopathological significance, Ast level, Alkaline Phosphate, Oxidative stress phenomena, Albumin content, ALP level, Embryo culture.