GC-MS analysis of Pogostemon quadrifolius leaves and flowers.
Journal name: World Journal of Pharmaceutical Research
Original article title: Gc- ms analysis of leaves and flowers of pogostemon quadrifolius (benth.) f.muell. (lamiaceae)
The WJPR includes peer-reviewed publications such as scientific research papers, reports, review articles, company news, thesis reports and case studies in areas of Biology, Pharmaceutical industries and Chemical technology while incorporating ancient fields of knowledge such combining Ayurveda with scientific data.
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Jisha M., Zeinul Hukuman N.H. and Leena P.
World Journal of Pharmaceutical Research:
(An ISO 9001:2015 Certified International Journal)
Full text available for: Gc- ms analysis of leaves and flowers of pogostemon quadrifolius (benth.) f.muell. (lamiaceae)
Source type: An International Peer Reviewed Journal for Pharmaceutical and Medical and Scientific Research
Doi: 10.20959/wjpr201612-7402
Copyright (license): WJPR: All rights reserved
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Summary of article contents:
Introduction
The research article examines the phytoconstituents present in the leaves and flowers of Pogostemon quadrifolius (Benth.) F.Muell., a shrub found in India, Bangladesh, and Myanmar. Traditionally utilized in folk medicine for various ailments, this plant exhibits properties such as blood purification, antimicrobial actions, and mosquito larvicidal effects. The study employs Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry (GC-MS) to analyze extracts from leaves and flowers, revealing a range of phytochemicals linked to potential therapeutic applications.
Identification of Phytochemical Constituents
The study revealed a variety of phytochemical compounds through GC-MS analysis, with leaves and flowers yielding distinct profiles. In the leaves, 37 compounds were identified in the petroleum ether extract, 30 in the acetone extract, and 6 in the methanol extract. Notably, 2,4,6 Trimethoxy acetophenone emerged as the predominant constituent in both the petroleum ether (25.95%) and acetone extracts (77.96%). Conversely, the methanol extract's primary component was found to be 1-Methoxy-4,4a,5,6,7,8-hexahydro-2(3H)-naphthalenone (66.65%). Similar extraction and identification processes for the flowers revealed 44 phytochemical compounds in petroleum ether, 12 in acetone, and 24 in methanol, demonstrating the complex chemical landscape of Pogostemon quadrifolius.
Biological Activities of Extracted Compounds
Among the identified compounds, several displayed notable biological activities, which were detailed in the study. For instance, compounds such as Germacrene D and Caryophyllene oxide exhibited pesticidal effects, while others like 10-Undecyn-1-ol showed antimicrobial properties. The potential of these bioactive compounds for developing therapeutic agents was emphasized, showcasing the plant's significance in both traditional and modern medicinal applications.
Extraction Techniques and Methodology
The methodology involved sequential extraction of the powdered leaves and flowers of Pogostemon quadrifolius using increasing orders of polarity (petroleum ether, acetone, methanol) via a Soxhlet apparatus. The extracts were subsequently filtered and dried for GC-MS analysis. The process utilized a Thermo Scientific Trace 1300 Gas Chromatograph combined with an ISQ-QD Mass Spectrometer, employing helium as a carrier gas. This validated method ensured accurate identification and quantification of phytoconstituents, contributing to the reliability of the findings.
Conclusion
In summary, the study effectively characterizes and identifies numerous phytoconstituents in Pogostemon quadrifolius, highlighting its therapeutic potential. The findings indicate the importance of traditional plants in discovering new medicinal compounds and the relevance of scientific techniques like GC-MS in pharmacognosy. Further research could explore the pharmacological applications of these compounds, paving the way for their utilization in developing effective medicinal therapies. The study not only reinforces the biomedical significance of Pogostemon quadrifolius but also contributes to the broader understanding of plant-based medicine.
FAQ section (important questions/answers):
What was the primary aim of the study on Pogostemon quadrifolius?
The study aimed to determine the phytoconstituents present in the petroleum ether, acetone, and methanol extracts of leaves and flowers of Pogostemon quadrifolius using GC-MS analysis.
Which extraction method was used for the plant materials?
The leaves and flowers of Pogostemon quadrifolius were extracted sequentially using petroleum ether, acetone, methanol, and water through a soxhlet apparatus, based on increasing polarity.
How many phytochemical compounds were found in the leaf extracts?
The analysis revealed 37 phytochemical compounds in the petroleum ether extract, 30 compounds in the acetone extract, and 6 compounds in the methanol extract of the leaves.
What were the major compounds in the leaves of Pogostemon quadrifolius?
2,4,6 Trimethoxy acetophenone was the major constituent in the petroleum ether (25.95%) and acetone extracts (77.96%), while 1-Methoxy-4,4a,5,6,7,8-hexahydro-2(3H)-naphthalenone constituted 66.65% of the methanol extract.
What biological activities are associated with Pogostemon quadrifolius?
Pogostemon quadrifolius shows various biological activities, including antimicrobial, larvicidal, and antiproliferative properties, particularly due to its phytoconstituents and is used in traditional medicine.
Who conducted the research on Pogostemon quadrifolius?
The research was conducted by Jisha M., Zeinul Hukuman N.H., and Leena P., at Sir Syed College, Taliparamba, Kannur, Kerala, India, as part of their postgraduate studies and research.
Glossary definitions and references:
Scientific and Ayurvedic Glossary list for “GC-MS analysis of Pogostemon quadrifolius leaves and flowers.”. This list explains important keywords that occur in this article and links it to the glossary for a better understanding of that concept in the context of Ayurveda and other topics.
1) Activity:
In pharmacological research, 'activity' refers to the effects that bioactive compounds have on biological systems. This can include therapeutic effects, interactions, and the efficacy of medicinal substances. Understanding the activity of phytoconstituents is crucial for evaluating their potential use in treatments, such as for cancer or antimicrobial effects.
2) Table:
In scientific articles, 'table' refers to a systematic arrangement of data in rows and columns. This format makes it easier to organize and present research findings, such as the results from GC-MS analysis showing various phytochemicals, their peak areas, and relevant activities, facilitating clear comparisons and understanding.
3) Nature:
The term 'nature' denotes inherent characteristics or qualities. In the context of botanical research, it can refer to the natural properties of plant compounds, including their chemical classification, ecological interactions, and biological roles. This contributes to understanding how these compounds function within ecosystems or their medicinal potential.
4) Phytochemical:
Phytochemicals are bioactive compounds found in plants that often possess health benefits. They contribute to the medicinal properties attributed to various plant species. Research on phytochemicals, such as those extracted from Pogostemon quadrifolius, helps determine their role in healthcare, nutrition, and potential therapeutic applications.
5) Pesticide:
Pesticides are substances used to prevent, control, or eliminate pests. Some phytochemicals possess natural pesticide properties, making them essential in agriculture for managing insect populations and crop diseases. Understanding these compounds can lead to natural pest control solutions and reduce reliance on synthetic chemicals in farming.
6) India:
India is a country rich in biodiversity and traditional knowledge, particularly in herbal medicine. The exploration of indigenous plants like Pogostemon quadrifolius highlights India's role in global phytochemical research, contributing to the discovery of new medicinal compounds and the preservation of traditional healing practices.
7) Antibiotic (Antibacterial):
Antibacterial compounds are substances that inhibit bacterial growth or kill bacteria. Identifying and studying these compounds in various plant extracts can lead to the development of new antibiotics and therapeutic agents. This is crucial given the rising resistance to conventional antimicrobial drugs in modern medicine.
8) Science (Scientific):
The term 'scientific' pertains to knowledge derived from systematic study and experimentation. In research, a scientific approach ensures that findings are based on evidence, reproducibility, and methodological rigor, contributing to the reliability of results and the formulation of new theories or applications in medicinal chemistry.
9) Kerala:
Kerala is a state in India known for its rich biodiversity and traditional health practices. The research conducted in this region often explores local flora for their medicinal properties. Kerala's unique ecosystem offers valuable insights into plant-based therapies, promoting both conservation and sustainable health solutions.
10) Insect:
Insects are diverse organisms often studied in relation to their ecological roles and interactions with plants. Many phytochemicals serve functions in plant defense against insect herbivores. Understanding these interactions can help in developing natural pesticides and enhancing crop resilience, contributing to sustainable agriculture.
11) Study (Studying):
In scientific research, a 'study' is an investigation designed to discover or validate new information. The study referenced focuses on analyzing the phytochemical constituents of Pogostemon quadrifolius, illuminating their potential therapeutic benefits and providing data critical for further research and application in medicine.
12) Post:
In an academic context, 'post' often refers to postgraduate studies or research conducted after completing an undergraduate degree. For instance, postgraduate research initiatives contribute significantly to advancing knowledge in fields like chemistry and pharmacology, such as the investigation of bioactive compounds in medicinal plants.
13) Discussion:
Discussion in research articles is a critical section where authors interpret their findings, relate them to existing literature, address implications, and suggest areas for future study. This section enhances readers' understanding of the research context and significance, particularly regarding the bioactivities of identified phytochemicals.
14) Flavonoid:
Flavonoids are a group of phytochemicals known for their antioxidant properties and health benefits. They are commonly found in various plant species and are studied for their potential roles in preventing diseases and promoting overall health. Flavonoids contribute to the medicinal value of many herbal remedies.
15) Medicine:
Medicine refers to the science and practice of diagnosing, treating, and preventing illness. Traditional and modern medicinal practices often rely on plant-derived compounds for therapeutic applications. The exploration of plant extracts, such as Pogostemon quadrifolius, is pivotal in discovering new medicinal agents.
16) Cancer:
Cancer encompasses a group of diseases characterized by uncontrolled cell growth. Research into naturally occurring compounds in plants aims to discover new cancer therapies. Phytochemicals with anticancer properties, identified through studies, could lead to innovative treatments and improved patient outcomes in oncology.
17) Animal:
Animals can be subjects in bioassay studies to test the effectiveness of phytochemical compounds. Understanding how plant extracts affect animal models promotes insights into potential human applications. Research often investigates the biological impacts of phytochemicals on animals as part of safety and efficacy evaluations.
18) Powder:
In botanical research, 'powder' refers to the form in which dried plant materials are processed for extraction and analysis. This powdered form facilitates the extraction of phytochemicals, making it easier to identify and quantify the active compounds using techniques like GC-MS, enhancing research outcomes.
19) Botany:
Botany is the scientific study of plants, focusing on their physiology, structure, growth, evolution, and classification. Research in botany contributes to understanding plant species' medicinal properties, ecological roles, and potential uses in healthcare, sustainability, and agricultural practices.
20) Water:
Water is a vital solvent in chemical processes, including the extraction of phytochemicals from plants. It also plays a crucial role in metabolic processes in living organisms. Understanding water's properties and interactions can facilitate better extraction techniques to harvest bioactive compounds more efficiently.
21) Blood:
Blood is a bodily fluid carrying oxygen and nutrients to cells and removing waste. Some phytochemicals exhibit properties that affect blood function, such as blood purification or improving circulation. Thus, studying plant extracts can lead to new therapies for blood-related conditions.
22) Line:
In research contexts, 'line' can refer to a 'cell line,' which is a culture of cells used for experiments. Studying specific cell lines aids in understanding the effects of phytochemicals on cancer and other diseases, providing crucial insights into therapeutic mechanisms and safety.
23) Worm:
Worms often serve as models for studying parasitic infections or drug efficacy. Many traditional medicines claim to treat worm-related ailments, warranting scientific exploration into the anthelmintic properties of phytochemicals derived from plants. Understanding these mechanisms may lead to novel treatment strategies.
Other Science Concepts:
Discover the significance of concepts within the article: ‘GC-MS analysis of Pogostemon quadrifolius leaves and flowers.’. Further sources in the context of Science might help you critically compare this page with similair documents:
Antibiotic, Traditional knowledge, Impact factor, Antimicrobial property, Folklore medicine, Chromatogram, Acetone extract, Methanol extract, Petroleum ether extract, Phytoconstituents present, DPPH radical scavenging, Biological activities, Anticancer, Soxhlet Apparatus, Antiseptic, Chemical compound, Mass Spectrometer, GC-MS analysis, Leaf extract, Flower extract, Major phytoconstituent, Antiviral property, Phytoconstituent, Reverse transcriptase inhibitor, Hepatostimulant, Oxidant.
Concepts being referred in other categories, contexts and sources.