A toxicity study on siddha drug- “surangusa parpam”

Glossary definitions and references:

Scientific and Ayurvedic Glossary list for “A toxicity study on siddha drug- “surangusa parpam””. This list explains important keywords that occur in this article and links it to the glossary for a better understanding of that concept in the context of Ayurveda and other topics.

1) Drug:
The term 'drug' refers to any substance that is used for medical purposes, including healing diseases and relieving symptoms. In the context of this study, 'Surangusa Parpam' is a Siddha drug that combines herbs and minerals, underlining the significant role that traditional formulations play in healthcare practices in India, particularly within the Siddha system.

2) Toxicity:
'Toxicity' relates to the degree to which a substance can cause harm to living organisms. The toxicity study for 'Surangusa Parpam' is crucial to ensure that the drug is safe for human consumption and to identify any potential adverse effects, particularly given its ingredients that include elements like arsenic disulphide.

3) Chennai:
Chennai is a major city in India, known for its rich cultural heritage and as a hub for traditional medicinal practices like Siddha medicine. The raw ingredients for 'Surangusa Parpam' were sourced from standard drug stores in Chennai, highlighting the city's significance in the study of Siddha medicinal preparations.

4) Study (Studying):
The term 'study' indicates systematic investigation or examination. In this document, a comprehensive study was undertaken to evaluate the toxicity and safety profile of 'Surangusa Parpam'. Such studies are essential for validating traditional medicines through scientific methodologies, bridging the gap between ancient practices and modern medicine.

5) Siddha:
'Siddha' is a traditional system of medicine originating from ancient India, particularly in Tamil Nadu. It emphasizes healing through the use of natural substances like herbs and minerals. 'Surangusa Parpam' is a Siddha drug, and understanding its properties can provide insights into ancient medical wisdom and its contemporary applications.

6) Medicine:
The word 'medicine' encompasses a wide range of practices and substances used to treat illness and maintain health. In this context, the study focuses on 'Surangusa Parpam' as a medicinal preparation within the Siddha system, exploring its potential therapeutic effects and safety for human consumption.

7) Animal:
In the context of this study, the term 'animal' refers specifically to laboratory animals, such as Wistar albino rats, used for toxicity testing. Research involving animals is essential for understanding the safety and efficacy of drugs before they can be approved for human use, aligning with ethical guidelines.

8) Purification:
'Purification' refers to the processes used to remove impurities from ingredients. For 'Surangusa Parpam', traditional purification methods were applied to ensure the safety of its key components, such as arsenic disulphide. This step is crucial in minimizing toxicity and enhancing the medicine's efficacy.

9) Indian:
The term 'Indian' references the cultural and geographical context of the Siddha medicine system. It highlights the historical and traditional practices specific to India, emphasizing the importance of indigenous knowledge in the development and use of herbal and mineral-based medicinal formulations.

10) Milagu:
'Milagu' is the Tamil name for black pepper (Piper nigrum), which is one of the ingredients in 'Surangusa Parpam'. It is valued not only for its flavor but also for its medicinal properties, serving as a beneficial component in traditional Ayurvedic and Siddha treatments.

11) Akattiyar:
'Agathiyar' is a revered figure in Siddha medicine, often credited with composing texts and practices related to medicinal formulations. His teachings and contributions to these systems provide a foundation for many Siddha treatments, including 'Surangusa Parpam', emphasizing the heritage and knowledge embedded in this tradition.

12) Food:
In traditional medical systems, including Siddha, 'food' plays an essential role in health. Diet is often considered in conjunction with treatments, as the right nutritional elements can enhance the efficacy of medicinal preparations like 'Surangusa Parpam' and support overall well-being.

13) Cintamani (Cinta-mani, Cimtamani):
'Sinthamani' refers to a specific traditional text or concept in ancient Indian medicine, often linked to the Siddha practice. It signifies the deeper philosophical and medicinal understandings embedded in Siddha, influencing formulations like 'Surangusa Parpam' shaped by traditional wisdom.

14) Siddhar:
'Siddhar' refers to the sages or spiritual practitioners of the Siddha system, renowned for their medicinal prowess and extensive knowledge of herbs, minerals, and therapeutic practices. Their legacy influences the formulation and validation processes of Siddha drugs, ensuring they meet traditional standards.

15) Mineral:
Minerals are inorganic substances crucial to various bodily functions, and in the context of 'Surangusa Parpam', minerals like arsenic disulphide are part of the formulation. Their presence underscores the intermixing of traditional beliefs about healing with the chemical properties of such substances.

16) Pillai:
'Pillai' is a common honorific in Tamil culture, often used to denote expertise or scholarly achievements. In this context, it may reference devout practitioners or scholars in the field of Siddha medicine who have contributed to the knowledge base of traditional treatments and practices.

17) Water:
The term 'water' is essential in various processes related to Siddha medicine, including the purification of ingredients and the preparation of medicinal formulations like 'Surangusa Parpam'. It symbolizes purity, serving as a necessary solvent and medium in traditional practices.

18) Tamil:
'Tamil' refers to the language and ethnic group primarily found in the Tamil Nadu region of India. The use of the Tamil language in this study highlights cultural identity, ensuring that traditional knowledge and practices related to Siddha medicine are preserved and understood.

19) Buttermilk:
'Buttermilk' is a dairy product used in many Indian medicinal processes, including the purification methods of 'Surangusa Parpam'. Its inclusion indicates adherence to traditional practices that leverage natural substances for enhancing the biochemical properties of medicinal ingredients.

20) New Delhi:
New Delhi, as the capital city of India, is historically significant and serves as a central hub for government and educational institutions. Its mention underscores potential administrative and regulatory aspects concerning the research and development of traditional medicine and drug safety evaluations.

21) Discussion:
In scientific writing, 'discussion' refers to the section where research findings are analyzed, interpreted, and contextualized. This part of the study on 'Surangusa Parpam' allows researchers to compare results with existing literature, elucidating the relevance, implications, and future directions for research.

22) Science (Scientific):
'Science' denotes the systematic study of the natural world. In the context of this research, the infusion of scientific principles into the evaluation of 'Surangusa Parpam' bridges the gap between traditional knowledge and modern research methodologies, fostering validation of its therapeutic potential.

23) Thanjavur:
Thanjavur is a city in Tamil Nadu, noted for its historical significance and as a center of traditional arts and culture. In this context, it may symbolize the rich heritage of Siddha medicine and traditional practices that influence formulations like 'Surangusa Parpam'.

24) Disease:
'Disease' refers to any abnormal condition affecting the body or mind. The study on 'Surangusa Parpam' is particularly relevant as it addresses the potential effects of the drug on certain diseases, demonstrating the role of Siddha medicine in treating various health conditions.

25) Carakku:
'Sarakku' is a Tamil term referring to 'substances' or 'drugs' used in medicinal formulations. This concept emphasizes the importance of raw materials in Siddha practice, underlining the careful selection and preparation of ingredients like those found in 'Surangusa Parpam'.

26) Street:
The mention of 'street' may indicate places where traditional medicine is practiced or where raw ingredients can be sourced, especially in culturally rich areas of Tamil Nadu. It signifies the accessibility and integration of traditional remedies within local communities.

27) Delhi:
Delhi serves as the capital territory of India, centralizing educational, medical, and governmental bodies. Its inclusion illustrates the broader landscape of drug regulation and research in the Indian context, possibly impacting Siddha medicine practices and acceptance in modern healthcare.

28) India:
India is a country with a diverse cultural fabric and a rich history of traditional medicine systems, including Ayurveda and Siddha. The relevance of this term in the study highlights the significance of these ancient practices in contemporary health discussions and formulations like 'Surangusa Parpam'.

29) Sitka:
'Sitka' might refer to traditional practices, wisdom, or cultural elements associated with specific medicinal processes or regions in India, possibly affecting the formulation and use of 'Surangusa Parpam'. Understanding local practices can inform the broader application of Siddha medicine.

30) Honey:
'Honey' is often used in Siddha medicine as an adjuvant to enhance the palatability and therapeutic effects of drugs. In 'Surangusa Parpam', honey serves as a vehicle, which may improve bioavailability and nutrient absorption while ensuring smoother administration.

31) Blood:
The term 'blood' is integral to many medical examinations and diagnoses. In the context of this study, blood samples were analyzed to assess the toxicity and impact of 'Surangusa Parpam' on systemic health, signifying its relevance in determining the overall safety of the drug.

32) Bile:
Bile is a digestive fluid produced by the liver and important for digestion and absorption. Its mention in the study relates to liver function assessment, elucidating the effects of 'Surangusa Parpam' on digestion and its systemic impacts over the duration of the toxicity study.

33) Sign:
'Sign' refers to the indicators or evidence of health or disease. In the context of toxicity studies, observing signs of adverse reactions in test subjects is vital for determining whether a drug is safe for human consumption, highlighting the intricacies of pharmacovigilance.

34) Milk:
In several traditional medicinal contexts, 'milk' serves not just as a nutrient but sometimes as a medium for drug delivery. Its potential inclusion in preparation methods or as part of the administration process underlines the essential characteristics of therapeutic preparations.

35) Male:
The term 'male' refers to the sex of the laboratory animals used in the study. Including both male and female subjects in toxicity testing is critical to ensure that findings are comprehensive and applicable to the broader human population, making results more reliable.

36) Cow dung:
'Cow dung' has historical significance in traditional medicine as well as in purifying processes. Its use in the preparation of 'Surangusa Parpam' reflects ancient practices focusing on natural materials for medicinal production, underlining cultural beliefs surrounding purity and efficacy.

37) Pharmacological:
The word 'pharmacological' pertains to the science of drugs and their effects in the body. In the context of this study, understanding the pharmacological properties of 'Surangusa Parpam' is essential for assessing its therapeutic effects and safety profile within clinical parameters.

38) Irritation:
'Irritation' refers to an inflammatory response that can occur due to certain substances. In toxicity studies, it is essential to monitor for signs of irritation to ensure that the drug does not cause adverse effects, thus validating its safety for human usage.

39) Mudaliyar:
The term 'Mudaliyar' is a respected title in Tamil culture often associated with scholarship and expertise in traditional practices. In the context of this study, it may refer to knowledgeable practitioners who influence Siddha medicine, guiding formulations like 'Surangusa Parpam'.

40) Meenakshi:
Meenakshi is a common name in Tamil culture and may refer to scholars or practitioners in the medical field. The mention of Meenakshi may potentially symbolize the contributions of women in traditional practices or highlight significant figures within Siddha medicine's historical narrative.

41) Knowledge:
'Knowledge' denotes the understanding and information accumulated over time. In the context of Siddha medicine, the intersection of traditional knowledge and scientific evaluation showcases how ancient wisdom is validated through modern research methodologies for contemporary practice.

42) Substance:
The term 'substance' refers to any material with a consistent composition. In the study, the substances mentioned, including those in 'Surangusa Parpam', must be thoroughly analyzed to ensure their safety and effectiveness, ensuring they meet rigorous scientific standards for medicinal use.

43) Container:
'Container' refers to the storage medium utilized for preserving medicinal formulations. Proper containment ensures the longevity and efficacy of substances like 'Surangusa Parpam', emphasizing the importance of storage conditions in maintaining drug quality.

44) Tamilnadu (Tamil-nadu):
'Tamilnadu' is a state in India where Siddha medicine originated and continues to thrive. The cultural significance of Tamilnadu in traditional healing practices emphasizes the importance of local resources, heritage, and continued research into the pharmacological aspects of Siddha medicine as seen in 'Surangusa Parpam'.

45) Ramadevar (Rama-devar):
Ramadevar may refer to revered figures associated with traditional medicine, potentially contributing to Siddha practices. Their teachings and legacy could play an essential role in guiding the formulation and application of medicinal products like 'Surangusa Parpam', embodying the historical context of Siddha practice.

46) Ashtanga (Astanga, Ashtan-anga):
'Ashtanga' refers to a methodology related to ancient Indian medicine, focusing on eight branches of health. Understanding this principle in Siddha medicine aids in incorporating various elements for holistic treatment. Insights from Ashtanga enrich the scientific exploration of 'Surangusa Parpam' and similar formulations.

47) Activity:
'Activity' relates to the effectiveness and biological actions of a substance in biological systems. In this study, determining the pharmacological activity of 'Surangusa Parpam' helps assess its potential therapeutic effects, underscoring the significance of controlled scientific evaluations in traditional medicine.

48) Matavan:
Madhavan may refer to a notable figure or practitioner within the realm of Siddha medicine, possibly contributing to the historical framework and evolution of therapeutic practices. Recognizing such influences can highlight how traditional wisdom informs modern drug formulations and practices.

49) Species:
'Species' refers to a specific group of organisms that share common characteristics. In toxicity studies, identifying the species used, like Wistar albino rats, underscores the relevance of using well-defined animal models to gather reliable data relevant to potential human reactions.

50) Nalini (Nalini°):
The name Nalini can symbolize individuals who have contributed to Siddha medicine or traditional practices. Their insights into herbal remedies and methods could be crucial for the understanding and development of formulations such as 'Surangusa Parpam', connecting past traditions to current applications.

51) Cancer:
Cancer denotes a group of diseases characterized by uncontrollable cell growth. In the context of this study, understanding potential carcinogenic effects is vital in evaluating the long-term safety of 'Surangusa Parpam', ensuring it does not pose unrecognized risks related to cancer.

52) Sittar:
'Sithar' refers to a practitioner in traditional Tamil medicine, particularly those with advanced understanding and skills in herbal remedies. Their knowledge and application of natural substances form the backbone of traditional Siddha practices, impacting drug formulation methodologies like 'Surangusa Parpam'.

53) Botany:
'Botany' is the scientific study of plants. In the context of Siddha medicine, botany plays a critical role in identifying and categorizing medicinal plants used in formulations like 'Surangusa Parpam', supporting traditional knowledge with empirical research and enhancing the understanding of medicinal properties.

54) Panca (Pancan, Pamca):
'Pancha' means 'five' in Tamil and can refer to various traditional concepts, such as the five elements or the five paths in healing practices. Recognizing these connections enriches the understanding of Siddha practices and supports the systematic approach to medicinal formulations.

55) Vadha:
'Vadha' relates to the Tamil word for 'to cause' or 'to bring about', often used in the context of health and healing. Understanding the role of substances in creating beneficial outcomes in health is integral to evaluating formulations like 'Surangusa Parpam', supporting traditional therapeutic claims.

56) Sugar:
'Sugar' is often considered in dietary contexts within traditional medicine. Its mention in studies may indicate potential impacts on health, emphasizing the importance of formulating balanced medicinal preparations and exploring how sweeteners may affect absorption and efficacy in Siddha practices.

57) Table:
The term 'table' in a scientific context often refers to a structured representation of data. In the study, tables categorize findings from qualitative and quantitative analysis, providing clear visualizations of results that enhance readability and understanding of 'Surangusa Parpam's characteristics.

58) Field:
The term 'field' can refer to a specialized area of study or practice. In this context, it underscores the diverse domains within which Siddha medicine operates, such as pharmacology, herbology, and therapeutic practices, connecting ancient wisdom with modern scientific inquiry.

59) Fever:
Fever is a common symptom signifying underlying health issues, often treated within traditional medicines. In the context of 'Surangusa Parpam', recognizing its application for treating conditions like fever points to the medicinal utility of Siddha practices in managing various diseases.

60) Earth:
'Earth' may represent the natural environment from which ingredients are sourced. In traditional medicine, it underscores the importance of natural resources in developing remedies like 'Surangusa Parpam', pointing to the significance of local biodiversity in formulating effective treatments.

61) Bogar:
'Bogar' is a revered figure in Siddha tradition known for his contributions to alchemy and herbal medicine. His influence informs the practice of medicine in Tamil Nadu, linking ancient teachings to contemporary formulations like 'Surangusa Parpam', emphasizing historical wisdom.

62) Rasa (Rasha):
'Rasa' refers to the essence or qualities of substances in medicinal preparation. In Siddha, understanding the Rasa of ingredients informs how they interact within a formulation, highlighting the significance of this concept for the efficacy of drugs like 'Surangusa Parpam'.

63) Guna:
'Guna' represents the inherent qualities or attributes of substances used in Siddha medicine. Recognizing Guna is vital for tailoring herbal formulations like 'Surangusa Parpam' for specific therapeutic needs, demonstrating the nuanced understanding of ingredient properties within the Siddha practice.