Evaluation of antibiotic production in micromonospora by hptlc

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Journal name: World Journal of Pharmaceutical Research
Original article title: Evaluation of antibiotic production in micromonospora by hptlc
The WJPR includes peer-reviewed publications such as scientific research papers, reports, review articles, company news, thesis reports and case studies in areas of Biology, Pharmaceutical industries and Chemical technology while incorporating ancient fields of knowledge such combining Ayurveda with scientific data.
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Author:

Padma Singh and Garima Sinha


World Journal of Pharmaceutical Research:

(An ISO 9001:2015 Certified International Journal)

Full text available for: Evaluation of antibiotic production in micromonospora by hptlc

Source type: An International Peer Reviewed Journal for Pharmaceutical and Medical and Scientific Research


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Summary of article contents:

Introduction

Actinobacteria, particularly the genus Micromonospora, are significant as prolific antibiotic producers. They are characterized by their Gram-positive, filamentous structure and high G+C content in their DNA. The present study focuses on the isolation and characterization of actinobacteria from soil samples collected from the Ganges river bed in Haridwar, along with the evaluation of their antibacterial potential, particularly against antibiotic-resistant bacterial strains. The primary goal is to explore the antibacterial properties of Micromonospora sp. and identify the metabolites produced that may have therapeutic applications.

Antibacterial Potential of Micromonospora

In the study, Micromonospora sp. exhibited significant antibacterial activity against pathogenic bacteria, such as Escherichia coli (E. coli) and Staphylococcus aureus. The antibacterial activity was assessed using both the cross-streak method and disc diffusion method. The results revealed that the crude extract produced a maximum zone of inhibition of 38 mm against E. coli, surpassing the effectiveness of the standard antibiotic gentamicin, which yielded a 30 mm zone of inhibition. This indicates that Micromonospora sp. may be a promising candidate for producing new antimicrobial agents.

Isolation and Characterization of Actinobacteria

The study involved isolating five different types of actinobacteria from soil samples. Each isolate was analyzed based on morphological and biochemical characteristics, including gram staining, catalase activity, and starch hydrolysis. The isolates were identified as belonging to the genera Micromonospora, Streptomyces, and Nocardia. Of these, Micromonospora sp. was selected for further study due to its significant antibacterial activity. This characterization is crucial for understanding the diversity of actinobacteria present in soil ecosystems and their potential for biotechnological applications.

High-Performance Thin Layer Chromatography (HPTLC) Analysis

The crude extract from Micromonospora sp. was further analyzed using High-Performance Thin Layer Chromatography (HPTLC). The analysis identified several spots in the chromatogram, indicating the presence of multiple metabolites. Notably, one of the retention factor (Rf) values of the identified compounds was comparable to that of gentamicin, suggesting that Micromonospora sp. produces metabolites that are structurally and functionally related to established antibiotics. This insight emphasizes the importance of HPTLC as a tool in the identification of potential antimicrobial compounds.

Conclusion

The findings of this study illustrate that Micromonospora sp. is a valuable source of antibacterial compounds, demonstrating zones of inhibition that are competitive with, and in some cases superior to, existing antibiotics. The research highlights the potential of this actinobacterial genus in the development of new treatments for bacterial infections, particularly those caused by antibiotic-resistant strains. The characterization and isolation of such promising microorganisms underscore the importance of environmental microbiology in discovering novel therapeutic agents. Further research could explore the full potential of these metabolites in clinical applications.

FAQ section (important questions/answers):

What microorganisms were isolated in this study from the Ganges river bed?

Five actinobacteria were isolated from the Ganges river bed, belonging to the genera Micromonospora, Streptomyces, and Nocardia, with Micromonospora selected for further studies.

What methods were used to determine the antibacterial potential of Micromonospora?

The antibacterial potential was assessed using the cross streak method and disc diffusion method against pathogenic bacteria E. coli, S. aureus, and Bacillus subtilis.

Which bacteria showed the highest sensitivity to Micromonospora extracts?

E. coli showed the highest sensitivity, exhibiting a 38 mm zone of inhibition, followed by S. aureus with a 32 mm zone; no activity was noted against Bacillus.

How was the crude antibiotic metabolite extracted from Micromonospora?

The extract was obtained by growing Micromonospora in glycerol yeast extract broth, filtering the fermented broth, and using ethyl acetate for solvent extraction.

What does HPTLC analysis reveal about the extracted metabolites?

HPTLC analysis showed five spots with specific Rf values, indicating that one compound closely resembled the reference antibiotic gentamicin in properties.

What conclusion can be drawn from this study about Micromonospora?

Micromonospora is identified as a potential source of new antibacterial compounds, demonstrating effective inhibition against pathogenic bacteria that could aid in treating bacterial infections.

Glossary definitions and references:

Scientific and Ayurvedic Glossary list for “Evaluation of antibiotic production in micromonospora by hptlc”. This list explains important keywords that occur in this article and links it to the glossary for a better understanding of that concept in the context of Ayurveda and other topics.

1) Antibiotic (Antibacterial):
Antibiotic denotes a type of antimicrobial substance used in the treatment of bacterial infections. The study highlights the production of antibiotics by Micromonospora species, specifically noting that the isolated compounds share similarities with gentamicin, an aminoglycoside antibiotic, underscoring the importance of actinobacteria as antibiotic producers.

2) Activity:
Activity in this research context refers to the biological effectiveness of the extracted compounds against target bacteria. The antibacterial activity was assessed using methods like disc diffusion, measuring the zones of inhibition to determine how effective the extracts were against pathogens, which is critical for evaluating their medicinal potential.

3) Soil:
Soil serves as the natural habitat for the actinobacteria examined in this study. The soil samples collected from the Ganges river bed provided a rich source of microbial diversity, leading to the isolation of various actinobacteria capable of producing antibiotic compounds, demonstrating the ecological significance of soil in bioprospecting.

4) Simha:
Sinha refers to Garima Sinha, one of the authors of the study. As part of the research team from Gurukula Kangri Vishwavidhalaya, her contributions encompassed the experimental design, data collection, and analysis of the antibacterial properties of Micromonospora, reflecting the collaboration of multiple researchers in scientific advancements.

5) Aureus:
Aureus is part of the scientific name for Staphylococcus aureus, a pathogenic bacterium resistant to many antibiotics. This study specifically examined the antibacterial effect of Micromonospora extracts on S. aureus, important for understanding the medicinal properties of the isolated compounds and their potential in treating infections caused by resistant strains.

6) Study (Studying):
Study signifies the structured research conducted to evaluate the antibacterial properties of Micromonospora sp. It encompasses the isolation of actinobacteria, assessment of their activity against select pathogenic bacteria, and the subsequent analysis of the extracted compounds, contributing to the broader knowledge base of natural antibiotic sources.

7) Gurukula (Guru-kula):
Gurukula refers to Gurukula Kangri Vishwavidhalaya, the institution where the research was conducted. This academic environment provided essential resources, infrastructure, and expertise, facilitating the research on the antibacterial properties of actinobacteria, highlighting the role of educational institutions in advancing scientific research and innovation.

8) Campu:
Campu seems to be a typographical error; it likely refers to 'Campus'. It denotes the physical locale of Gurukula Kangri Vishwavidhalaya where the research activities took place. The campus environment offers a collaborative atmosphere essential for academic pursuits, including research, validation, and dissemination of scientific findings.

9) Table:
Table signifies the organized data presentation used in the study to summarize findings, such as the characteristics and Rf values of metabolites obtained from the antibiotic extraction process. Tables enhance reader comprehension and facilitate comparison of results, making them a vital component in scientific documentation.

10) Water:
Water is a critical component used in the study for diluting soil samples and as a solvent in the extraction process. It plays a vital role in microbial ecosystems, affecting the growth and characteristics of actinobacteria in soil, which ultimately contributes to the isolation of antibiotic-producing species.

11) Substance:
Substance in this context refers to the chemical compounds derived from the actinobacteria, specifically the antibiotics being studied. Understanding the nature and efficacy of these substances helps explore their potential for pharmaceutical applications, specifically in combating bacterial infections, showcasing the significance of microbial metabolites.

12) Ganges:
Ganges denotes the river from which the soil samples were collected for the study. The Ganges riverbed is an ecologically rich environment harboring various microorganisms, including actinobacteria, thus serving as an ideal sampling locale for discovering novel antibiotic-producing strains, contributing to environmental biodiversity research.

13) Medium:
Medium refers to the nutrient agar used for culturing the actinobacteria during the experiment. The choice of medium is crucial in microbiological studies as it supports the growth of specific organisms, influencing the success of isolating antibiotic-producing bacteria and determining their antibacterial properties in further assays.

14) Genu:
Genu likely refers to 'genus', which is a taxonomic classification that groups closely related species. In this study, the genus Micromonospora was identified as a significant antibiotic producer, thus understanding its taxonomy is important for microbiological research and for exploring the phylogenetic relationships among actinobacteria.

15) Performance:
Performance in the research context refers to the effectiveness of the antibiotic extracts in inhibiting bacterial growth. Evaluating the performance of Micromonospora extracts against pathogenic strains illustrates their potential applicability in clinical settings, which is essential in addressing the growing concern of antibiotic resistance.

16) Discussion:
Discussion signifies the section of the study where results are interpreted and contextualized within the existing body of literature. It serves to elucidate the significance of findings, explore implications for future research, and establish connections between isolated compounds and their broader application in antibiotic therapy.

17) Patanjali:
Patanjali refers to Patanjali Ayurved Ltd, a company known for its herbal and Ayurvedic products. Their involvement in the HPTLC technique used for the analysis of extracts highlights the intersection between academia and industry, emphasizing collaborative efforts in research leading to advancements in natural product applications.

18) Observing:
Observing pertains to the careful monitoring and assessment of bacterial growth and antibiotic activity during the experiments. Precise observation is fundamental in microbiological research as it influences the credibility of the results, allowing researchers to draw accurate conclusions regarding the efficacy of the extracted compounds.

19) Habitat:
Habitat describes the natural environment where actinobacteria are found, primarily soil in this study. The habitat significantly impacts the diversity and characteristics of microbial communities, influencing their potential for antibiotic production and providing insight into ecological interactions among microorganisms within that ecosystem.

20) Surface:
Surface refers to the physical area of the agar medium used for culturing actinobacteria. The surface properties can affect microbial growth and interactions during the antibacterial activity assays, influencing the outcomes of experiments aimed at evaluating the antibacterial properties of the isolated Micromonospora strains.

21) Nature:
Nature in this context refers to the inherent qualities and characteristics of the isolated actinobacteria, including their morphological and biochemical traits. Understanding the nature of these microorganisms is essential for accurate classification, identification, and assessment of their potential for antibiotic production in research.

22) Anupa:
Anupa refers to Anupa Tiwari, a senior scientist associated with Patanjali Ayurved Ltd, who assisted with HPTLC analysis in the study. Her expertise contributed to the methodological rigor of the research, emphasizing the collaborative nature of scientific investigations in microbiology and pharmacognosy.

23) Padma:
Padma Singh is one of the authors of this study and is affiliated with Gurukula Kangri Vishwavidhalaya. Her role in the research likely included the experimental design and implementation, highlighting the importance of collaboration among researchers in addressing critical issues like antibiotic resistance through scientific inquiry.

24) India:
India is the country where the research was conducted, which has a rich biodiversity and a vast array of microbial resources. The geographical and cultural context influences the microbial ecology, thus offering unique opportunities for bioprospecting antibiotic-producing microorganisms, such as those from the Ganges riverbed.

Other Science Concepts:

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Discover the significance of concepts within the article: ‘Evaluation of antibiotic production in micromonospora by hptlc’. Further sources in the context of Science might help you critically compare this page with similair documents:

Antibacterial activity, High performance thin layer chromatography, Disc diffusion method, Pathogenic bacteria, Zones of inhibition, Gram positive, E. coli, Biochemical test, S. aureus, Morphological characteristic, Crude extract, Soil sample.

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