Superporous hydrogel of itopride for gastroretentive delivery.
Journal name: World Journal of Pharmaceutical Research
Original article title: Formulation development and characterization of superporous hydrogel of itopride hydrochloride for gastroretentive drug delivery system
The WJPR includes peer-reviewed publications such as scientific research papers, reports, review articles, company news, thesis reports and case studies in areas of Biology, Pharmaceutical industries and Chemical technology while incorporating ancient fields of knowledge such combining Ayurveda with scientific data.
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Santosh R. Tambe, Leena P. Deore and Devidas G.Bachhav
World Journal of Pharmaceutical Research:
(An ISO 9001:2015 Certified International Journal)
Full text available for: Formulation development and characterization of superporous hydrogel of itopride hydrochloride for gastroretentive drug delivery system
Source type: An International Peer Reviewed Journal for Pharmaceutical and Medical and Scientific Research
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Summary of article contents:
Introduction
This study focuses on the development and characterization of a superporous hydrogel (SPH) formulation for Itopride hydrochloride aimed at creating a gastroretentive drug delivery system. Itopride hydrochloride is utilized for conditions such as non-ulcer dyspepsia and gastroparesis, and the research aims to enhance its retention and bioavailability within the gastrointestinal (GI) tract. The formulation employs a gas blowing technique using sodium bicarbonate as a foaming agent to create a superporous structure, facilitating controlled drug release over an extended period.
Synthesis and Composition of Superporous Hydrogel
The process for synthesizing superporous hydrogels involves solution polymerization where a mixture of acrylamide and acrylic acid acts as monomers, with N,N’-methylene bisacrylamide serving as a crosslinker. The combination of ammonium persulphate and N,N,N’,N’-Tetramethylethylenediamine functions as the polymerization initiator. The addition of Pluronic F127 stabilizes the foam structure during the polymerization process. The variations in polymer composition and additives like Ac-Di-Sol and Carbopol 934P influence the density, swelling, buoyancy, and overall performance of the hydrogel composites.
Characterization of Drug Release and Kinetics
The characterization of drug release from the superporous hydrogel was assessed through in vitro dissolution tests. The drug release profile indicated that formulation F-8, in particular, achieved a nearly complete drug release of 99% over 12 hours. The data was analyzed through various kinetic models, with the Korsmeyer-Peppas model providing the best fit (R² = 0.9967), indicating a Fickian diffusion release mechanism. This model helps in understanding the drug release patterns as well as optimizing the formulation for practical applications in drug delivery.
Stability and Water Retention Capacity
Stability studies were conducted on formulation F-8 under specific conditions (40°C and 75% relative humidity for one month), which revealed that the formulation maintained its drug content (98.9 ± 0.001 mg) and efficacy post-storage. Water retention capacity studies showed that SPH could hold substantial amounts of water while exhibiting gradual weight loss over 24 hours, indicative of its viability and functional stability. The buoyancy studies further demonstrated that all formulations achieved sufficient floating time, achieving a duration of over 12 hours, thus supporting their gastroretentive potential.
Conclusion
The research successfully developed a superporous hydrogel formulation for Itopride hydrochloride that exhibits promising gastroretentive properties and controlled drug release kinetics. Formulation F-8 emerged as the most effective variant, showcasing desirable characteristics such as low density, adequate swelling time, and stability under stress conditions. This work emphasizes the potential of superporous hydrogels as innovative systems for enhancing oral drug delivery, ultimately aiming to improve patient outcomes in conditions requiring longer gastric retention times.
FAQ section (important questions/answers):
What is the aim of the research on Itopride hydrochloride?
The research aimed to develop and characterize a superporous hydrogel for Itopride hydrochloride to extend its drug release, improving its bioavailability and reducing dosing frequency.
What method was used to synthesize the superporous hydrogel?
The superporous hydrogel was synthesized using solution polymerization with sodium bicarbonate as a gas blowing agent, involving acrylamide, acrylic acid, and crosslinkers.
What are the key characteristics evaluated in the hydrogel?
Characteristics such as density, swelling ratio, buoyancy, water retention capacity, porosity, drug release, and stability were evaluated for the superporous hydrogel formulations.
How effective was formulation F-8 at extending drug release?
Formulation F-8 achieved nearly 100% drug release in 12 hours and followed the Korsmeyer-Peppas model, indicating effective drug release kinetics.
What advantages do superporous hydrogels offer for drug delivery?
Superporous hydrogels provide improved gastric retention, fast swelling, and controlled drug release, leading to enhanced drug bioavailability and reduced dosing frequency.
What were the stability study results for formulation F-8?
The stability study at 40°C and 75% RH for one month indicated that formulation F-8 remained stable, with drug content within acceptable limits.
Glossary definitions and references:
Scientific and Ayurvedic Glossary list for “Superporous hydrogel of itopride for gastroretentive delivery.”. This list explains important keywords that occur in this article and links it to the glossary for a better understanding of that concept in the context of Ayurveda and other topics.
1) Drug:
In pharmaceutical contexts, 'drug' refers to any substance that causes a physiological effect when introduced into the body. In this research, Itopride hydrochloride is discussed as the drug of interest, mainly focusing on its formulation into a superporous hydrogel to improve gastroretentive drug delivery and bioavailability.
2) Swelling:
The term 'swelling' relates to the ability of hydrogels to absorb water and expand. In the context of superporous hydrogels, swelling is crucial as it affects the release profile of drugs. Rapid and controlled swelling ensures the hydrogel can effectively deliver the drug over a sustained period.
3) Table:
In this study, 'table' refers to structured data presentations, summarizing experimental results such as density, swelling ratios, and drug content of various formulations. Tables allow for a clear comparison of results, making it easier for researchers to interpret data and evaluate the effectiveness of different formulations.
4) Water:
'Water' is the solvent used in various experiments within this research. It plays an essential role in the swelling studies of superporous hydrogels. As hydrogels absorb water, understanding water retention and release is critical to assess their performance as drug delivery systems.
5) Study (Studying):
'Study' denotes a systematic investigation intended to explore hypotheses and gather insights. This research paper presents a detailed study on the formulation and characterization of Itopride hydrochloride-loaded superporous hydrogels, evaluating their properties and potential applications in gastroretentive drug delivery systems.
6) Composite:
'Composite' refers to a material formed from two or more constituent materials with significantly different physical or chemical properties. In this research, the term is used to describe superporous hydrogel composites, which integrate various polymers to enhance the characteristics of the drug delivery system.
7) Surface:
In the context of hydrogels, 'surface' refers to the outer layer of the hydrogel material that interacts with the surrounding environment. Surface properties, such as morphology and pore structure, impact the swelling behavior and drug release kinetics from the hydrogel.
8) Nashik:
'Nashik' is a city in Maharashtra, India, where the research was conducted at MGV’s SPH College of Pharmacy. Its geographic and cultural relevance provides the contextual background for the authors and institution contributing to pharmaceutical research in developing advanced drug delivery systems.
9) Reason:
The term 'reason' often signifies the justification or explanation behind a specific choice or action in research. In this study, several reasons underpin the synthesis and characterization of superporous hydrogels to enhance the bioavailability and retention time of Itopride hydrochloride in the gastrointestinal tract.
10) India:
'India' is the country where the study was performed, reflecting its academic and pharmaceutical research landscape. The research contributes to local advancements in drug delivery technologies, aiming to address common health issues encountered in the Indian population through enhanced pharmacological solutions.
11) Pune:
'Pune' is a city in Maharashtra, India, known for its educational and research institutions. The relevance here lies in the collaborative efforts of local businesses and academic entities in the pharmaceutical sector, providing resources and expertise necessary for developing advanced drug delivery systems.
12) Medium:
In the study, 'medium' refers to the solvent used for conducting drug release studies, specifically 0.1N HCl. The medium simulates the gastric environment in which the drug is expected to be absorbed, critical for evaluating the effectiveness and performance of the gastroretentive hydrogel.
13) Accumulation (Accumulating, Accumulate):
The term 'accumulation' pertains to the gathering or increase of substances. In this context, it describes the hydrophilic properties of hydrogels that allow for the accumulation of water within their structure, which is crucial for maintaining the desired swelling behavior and drug release profiles.
14) Measurement:
'Measurement' indicates the quantitative evaluation of physical or chemical properties in experiments. This study involves various measurements, including density, swelling ratio, and drug release percentages, all essential for understanding the performance and stability of the hydrogel formulations.
15) Discussion:
In academic papers, 'discussion' refers to sections where results are interpreted and analyzed. This provides insights into the implications of findings, such as how the characteristics of superporous hydrogels affect drug delivery efficiency and clinical applications in treating gastrointestinal disorders.
16) Similarity:
'Similarity' refers to the degree to which two or more things are alike. In this research, the term could pertain to evaluating the similarities in drug release profiles before and after stability studies, indicating whether the formulations retained their effectiveness over time.
17) Transformation (Transform, Transforming):
'Transform' indicates a significant change in form or structure. In the context of this research, it likely relates to how the formulation techniques or polymer properties transform Itopride hydrochloride into a superporous hydrogel, enhancing its delivery and retention capabilities in the gastrointestinal system.
18) Relative:
'Relative' signifies a comparison or relation to something else. In scientific research, understanding relative properties, like the relationship between density and buoyancy in superporous hydrogels, is vital for predicting how the hydrogel will behave in a physiological environment.
19) Channel:
In hydrogels, 'channel' may refer to the interconnected pores formed during synthesis that allow water and the drug to diffuse throughout the polymer matrix. These channels play a critical role in the swelling behavior and drug release kinetics of the superporous hydrogel.
20) Disease:
The term 'disease' encompasses various medical conditions that affect normal bodily functions. The research focuses on developing drug delivery systems that target conditions like functional dyspepsia, reflecting the significance of enhanced gastro-retentive systems in effectively treating gastrointestinal disorders.
21) Account:
'Account' usually relates to a narrative or report on something. In research, it may refer to a discussion of results or findings that provide an overview of the methods, outcomes, and relevance of the study to existing medical knowledge or pharmaceutical applications.
22) Samtosha (Samtosa, Santosa, Santosha, Santosh):
'Santosh' is a name associated with one of the research authors, lending credibility and accountability to the study. As the principal investigator or researcher, his role influences the direction and integrity of the research being presented.
23) Powder:
'Powder' is a form of solid material that consists of fine particles. In this study, 'powder' likely references the powdered form of Itopride hydrochloride used in the formulation of superporous hydrogels, facilitating its incorporation into the hydrophilic polymer matrix.
24) Kumar:
'Kumar' is a common surname in India, attributed here to one of the authors. It denotes authorship and lends credibility to the research conducted, emphasizing collaboration among researchers in the field of pharmaceutical development.
25) Ulcer:
'Ulcer' refers to a sore or lesion that develops in part of the digestive system, such as a peptic ulcer. This study's focus on gastroretentive drug delivery systems is relevant for treating conditions like ulcers, emphasizing the need for sustained medication release in affected areas.
26) Food:
'Food' relates to any substance consumed for nutritional support. In the context of this research, it is relevant because Itopride hydrochloride's absorption is not affected by the presence of food, highlighting its potential benefits as a treatment in real-world dietary contexts.
27) Line:
'Line' can refer to a linear representation of data or a trend observed in results. In research, the concept of a 'line' is essential for visualizing relationships between variables, such as modeling drug release kinetics in the formulations through graphical representations.
Other Science Concepts:
Discover the significance of concepts within the article: ‘Superporous hydrogel of itopride for gastroretentive delivery.’. Further sources in the context of Science might help you critically compare this page with similair documents:
Stability study, Scanning Electron Microscopy, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, Correlation coefficient, Differential scanning calorimetry, Compatibility studies, Stability Studies, In vitro release study, Differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), Formulation Development, Mechanical strength, Swelling ratio, Higuchi model, Drug content, Korsmeyer-Peppas model, Compatibility study, In vitro buoyancy studies, Floating lag time, In vitro drug release, Dissolution test apparatus, Drug release profile, Buoyancy studies, Kinetic model, Fickian diffusion, Total floating time, IR spectroscopy, Carbopol 934P, In-Vitro Drug Release Study, Drug content analysis, In vitro Drug Release Profile, Gastroretentive drug delivery, Gas blowing technique, Superporous hydrogel composites, Sodium bicarbonate, Floating time, Korsemeyer-Peppas model, PH adjustment, Gastroretentive Drug Delivery System, DSC thermogram, Exposure time, Zero order kinetic, Curve fitting analysis, Buoyancy time, Buoyancy study, Drug release pattern, Itopride hydrochloride, Superporous hydrogel, Polymerization initiator pair, Porosity measurement, Density measurement, Water retention capacity, Drug-excipient interaction study, In vitro buoyancy study, Swelling time, Acrylamide solution, Ac-Di-Sol, Thermal Characteristics, Goodness of fit, Journal of Pharmaceutical Research, First order kinetic, Release kinetic, Release exponent N, Degradation kinetic, Characterization of superporous hydrogel, Acrylic acid solution, N,N'-methylene bisacrylamide, Ammonium persulphate, Tetramethylethylenediamine, Bioavailability of Itopride hydrochloride, Hixon crowell cube root law, Images of superporous hydrogel, Solution polymerization technique, Polymer chains, Crosslinked polymers, Density of formulations, Interaction with Itopride Hydrochloride, Sharp endothermic peak, Peak temperature, Melting of Itopride Hydrochloride, Sharpness of peak, Dilution effect of excipients, Significant incompatibility, Cross-linking and polymerization, Paddle dissolution test apparatus, Zero order, First order, Density of SPHC, Formulation F-8, Regression coefficient R2.