Immediate drug release dosage form

a review

| Posted in: Science

Journal name: World Journal of Pharmaceutical Research
Original article title: Immediate drug release dosage form
The WJPR includes peer-reviewed publications such as scientific research papers, reports, review articles, company news, thesis reports and case studies in areas of Biology, Pharmaceutical industries and Chemical technology while incorporating ancient fields of knowledge such combining Ayurveda with scientific data.
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Subtitle: a review

Original source:

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Author:

Mehulkumar.K.Charan, Dr. Alpesh D. Patel, Dr. Mukesh R. Patel


World Journal of Pharmaceutical Research:

(An ISO 9001:2015 Certified International Journal)

Full text available for: Immediate drug release dosage form

Source type: An International Peer Reviewed Journal for Pharmaceutical and Medical and Scientific Research

Copyright (license): WJPR: All rights reserved


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Summary of article contents:

Introduction

The article discusses the development and significance of immediate drug release dosage forms, particularly tablets, which are favored for their convenience, compactness, and ease of self-administration. It emphasizes the need for quick therapeutic action in various medical conditions, which often cannot be provided by conventional therapy. Immediate release formulations represent an innovative approach in pharmaceutical development, utilizing superdisintegrants to ensure rapid disintegration, improved patient compliance, and enhanced bioavailability.

Importance of Immediate Release Formulations

Immediate release formulations are characterized by their ability to release active ingredients promptly, without intentional delay. This is critical for patients requiring quick onset of therapeutic effects, which is estimated to affect about 50% of the population. The article defines immediate release in contrast to modified or controlled release formulations, highlighting that it aims to provide at least 70-80% of the active ingredient release within 1 to 4 hours of administration. This rapid release is essential in ensuring the efficacy of treatments, particularly for poorly soluble drugs and high molecular weight substances.

Role of Excipients in Immediate Release Tablets

Excipients play a crucial role in the formulation of immediate release tablets, balancing the properties of active ingredients and assisting in drug release. Various types of excipients, including bulking agents, emulsifying agents, and superdisintegrants, are evaluated for their ability to enhance the drug's dissolution and absorption rates. By understanding the chemistry and interactions of these excipients, formulators can significantly improve the efficacy of drug formulations while ensuring patient safety and product stability. The article highlights the need for thorough knowledge regarding excipient selection to prevent adverse interactions with active pharmaceutical ingredients.

Evaluation of Immediate Release Tablets

The article elaborates on the methodologies for evaluating immediate release tablets, focusing on aspects such as blend evaluation, tablet appearance, hardness, weight variation, friability, disintegration, and drug content. Each of these parameters is critical in ensuring consistency, safety, and efficacy of the tablets. For instance, the disintegration test measures how quickly a tablet breaks down in a liquid medium, impacting the onset of drug action. These stringent evaluation criteria are essential for regulatory compliance and optimizing pharmaceutical manufacturing processes.

Conclusion

The development of immediate release dosage forms presents a significant advancement in oral drug delivery systems, addressing the urgent need for quick therapeutic solutions. With approximately one-third of patients requiring rapid drug action, these formulations enhance compliance and therapeutic effectiveness. The article underscores the potential for immediate release tablets to cater to underserved populations while increasing revenue through market exclusivity. Ongoing efforts to refine production processes and formulation strategies will likely lead to better patient outcomes and expanded therapeutic options in the future.

FAQ section (important questions/answers):

What are immediate release drug delivery systems?

Immediate release drug delivery systems are formulations designed to release medication quickly after administration, providing rapid onset of therapeutic action without deliberate delay. They are commonly used in various therapeutic conditions requiring fast relief.

What are the advantages of immediate release tablets?

Immediate release tablets enhance patient compliance by providing quick therapeutic action, improved stability, and bioavailability. They also allow for high drug loading and can be manufactured at lower costs using existing equipment.

What excipients are used in immediate release formulations?

Excipients such as superdisintegrants, bulking agents, emulsifiers, lubricants, flavors, and sweeteners are commonly used in immediate release formulations to enhance drug release, stability, palatability, and overall effectiveness.

What methods are employed to prepare immediate release tablets?

Common methods include direct compression, wet granulation, tablet molding, mass extrusion, and solid dispersion techniques. These methods focus on optimizing dissolution and absorption of the active components upon administration.

How is the effectiveness of immediate release tablets evaluated?

Effectiveness is evaluated through various tests, including disintegration time, dissolution rate, drug content uniformity, hardness, and friability. These tests ensure the tablets meet required quality standards for rapid drug release.

What challenges do immediate release tablets face in production?

Challenges include achieving mechanical strength for handling and packaging, ensuring rapid disintegration, and maintaining production costs similar to conventional tablets. Overcoming these challenges requires innovative formulation and manufacturing processes.

Glossary definitions and references:

Scientific and Ayurvedic Glossary list for “Immediate drug release dosage form”. This list explains important keywords that occur in this article and links it to the glossary for a better understanding of that concept in the context of Ayurveda and other topics.

1) Drug:
The term 'drug' refers to a chemical substance used for medical purposes. In the context of immediate release dosage forms, it signifies the active ingredient intended for therapeutic action. The rapid release of the drug from the formulation is crucial for addressing specific health conditions requiring quick therapeutic effects.

2) Powder:
Powder is a solid substance made up of finely divided particles, which is a common form in pharmaceutical formulations. In the context of immediate release tablets, powders are mixed with excipients and compressed to form tablets, emphasizing the importance of uniformity and flow characteristics in drug delivery.

3) Water:
Water is a solvent commonly used in pharmaceutical formulations, including wet granulation processes. It aids in dissolving excipients and the drug, facilitating the manufacturing of tablets. Its role is critical in the hydration of powders, affecting the disintegration and dissolution rates of immediate release formulations.

4) Surface:
Surface refers to the outermost layer of a substance, which in the case of tablets, influences the rate of drug release. The tablet's surface area can affect how quickly it dissolves and releases the active ingredient into the gastrointestinal tract, thereby impacting bioavailability.

5) Swelling:
Swelling is a physical phenomenon observed in disintegrants when they absorb water, causing an increase in volume. In immediate release tablets, the swelling of super disintegrants is crucial for rapid disintegration, allowing quick access of the drug to the gastrointestinal tract and thereby enhancing absorption rates.

6) Gujarat:
Gujarat is a state in India where significant research in pharmaceutical sciences is conducted. The mention of Gujarat in the document highlights the regional contribution to the field of drug development, particularly through institutions like Gujarat Technological University, where research pertaining to immediate release formulations is undertaken.

7) Medium:
In pharmacology, 'medium' often refers to the solvent or environment in which a drug is dissolved or reacts. In the context of immediate release tablets, the medium (e.g., water or buffer) is essential for evaluating the dissolution profile of the drug, indicating how quickly it can be absorbed in a biological setting.

8) Sugar:
Sugar is a type of carbohydrate commonly used as a bulking agent or sweetener in pharmaceuticals to improve taste and patient compliance. It can also serve in formulations of immediate release tablets to enhance palatability, thereby encouraging patients, especially children, to adhere to their medication regimens.

9) Pur:
The term 'poor' in a pharmaceutical context often refers to the low solubility or bioavailability of certain drugs, which poses challenges in their formulation. Immediate release tablets are particularly beneficial for drugs that suffer from poor solubility, offering methods to enhance their release and absorption in the body.

10) Calculation:
Calculation is crucial in pharmaceuticals for determining dosages, proportions of excipients, and evaluating drug release profiles. Accurate calculations ensure that immediate release dosage forms meet regulatory standards and are effective for patient use, providing the right amount of drug to achieve the desired therapeutic effect.

11) Perception:
Perception pertains to how patients experience and respond to medications, including taste and texture. In formulating immediate release tablets, enhancing sensory perception through the use of flavors and textures can significantly improve patient compliance, making treatment more effective by encouraging consistent usage.

12) Container:
Container refers to any package or receptacle used to hold pharmaceutical products. It is vital for the protection, stability, and integrity of immediate release tablets. The choice of container can influence shelf life and patient compliance by ensuring easy access to medication while preserving its quality.

13) Disease:
Disease denotes any abnormal condition affecting the body that impairs its normal functioning. Immediate release formulations are often designed to address specific diseases that require rapid therapeutic intervention, thereby improving patient outcomes by providing quick relief or treatment for acute medical conditions.

14) Charan:
Charan refers to the author Mehulkumar K. Charan, whose research contributions in the area of immediate release dosage forms are documented. His affiliations with educational institutions signify the role of academic expertise in advancing pharmaceutical technologies and addressing clinical needs through innovative drug delivery systems.

15) Patel:
Patel likely refers to Dr. Alpesh D. Patel, one of the co-authors of the document. His contributions in pharmaceutical research underline the collaborative efforts of experts in developing effective immediate release formulations, illustrating the importance of interdisciplinary work in advancing drug development strategies.

16) Study (Studying):
Study refers to the systematic investigation or research undertaken to understand and improve immediate release dosage forms. It encompasses experimental methodologies, formulation techniques, and evaluation processes that help optimize drug delivery, ensuring rapid therapeutic action and enhanced patient outcomes.

17) Salt (Salty):
Salt in pharmaceuticals typically denotes ionizable compounds used either as active ingredients or to improve drug solubility. In immediate release formulations, salt forms of drugs can affect dissolution rates and absorption characteristics, thus impacting the overall efficacy and therapeutic action of the medication.

18) Life:
Life in a biomedical context refers to the biological processes that sustain living organisms. The relevance of immediate release dosage forms is grounded in their ability to improve the quality of life for patients by delivering timely and effective treatments for various health conditions.

19) Pharmacological:
Pharmacological relates to the branch of medicine concerned with the uses, effects, and modes of action of drugs. Immediate release dosage forms are designed based on pharmacological principles to ensure rapid drug action and effective patient treatment, aligning therapeutic outcomes with established medical protocols.

20) Developing:
Developing refers to the process of creating and refining pharmaceutical formulations. In the context of immediate release tablets, developing involves extensive research on excipients, formulation techniques, and bioavailability, ultimately leading to effective drug delivery solutions that meet patient needs and regulatory standards.

21) Swallowing:
Swallowing is the act of consuming food or medication, which can be challenging for certain patient populations (e.g., young children, elderly). Immediate release tablets are designed to facilitate ease of swallowing, incorporating considerations for size, texture, and disintegration to enhance patient compliance.

22) Irritation:
Irritation refers to discomfort or inflammation caused by certain medications or formulations, particularly when administered orally or sublingually. The formulation of immediate release tablets takes into account potential irritation to the gastrointestinal tract, aiming to minimize side effects while ensuring effective drug delivery.

23) Antibiotic (Antibacterial):
Antibiotic refers to a class of drugs used to treat bacterial infections. Immediate release formulations of antibiotics are particularly important as they provide rapid therapeutic action, crucial for addressing acute infections that require prompt treatment to prevent complications and improve patient recovery rates.

24) Education:
Education in pharmaceutical sciences plays a key role in training professionals in drug development, formulation strategies, and regulatory compliance. Ongoing education is necessary to keep pharmacists and researchers updated on new technologies and methods to enhance immediate release dosage forms effectively.

25) Quality:
Quality denotes the standard of a pharmaceutical product regarding its safety, efficacy, and reliability. Ensuring the quality of immediate release tablets involves rigorous testing and adherence to regulatory guidelines, as variation in quality can lead to differences in patient outcomes and treatment effectiveness.

26) Raising:
Raising can refer to the promotion or enhancement of awareness around pharmaceutical advancements. In the context of immediate release formulations, raising awareness about their benefits can lead to better acceptance among healthcare providers and patients, improving adherence to prescribed therapies.

27) Gelatin:
Gelatin is a gelling agent often used in pharmaceutical formulations, including capsules and tablets. It can influence the disintegration, dissolution, and bioavailability of drugs in immediate release formulations, providing a means to improve stability and release characteristics of sensitive active ingredients.

28) Bitter:
Bitter tastes can be a significant barrier to medication adherence. Formulators of immediate release tablets often incorporate taste-masking methods to conceal the bitterness of certain active ingredients, enhancing palatability and improving patient compliance with therapies requiring extended use.

29) Animal:
Animal in medical research often refers to the evaluation of drug testing on live subjects before human trials. Immediate release formulations are assessed in animal studies to determine their pharmacokinetics and safety profiles, providing essential data to advance therapeutic applications in human medicine.

30) India:
India is a prominent player in the pharmaceutical industry, known for its significant contributions to drug development and formulation technologies. The context of immediate release dosage forms often illustrates research conducted in India, showcasing collaboration between academic institutions and industry in advancing healthcare solutions.

31) Glass:
Glass often serves as a material for laboratory equipment and containers used in pharmaceutical research. In immediate release dosage studies, glassware is commonly utilized during formulation evaluation and testing processes, providing clear visibility and inert nature while ensuring accurate measurement and analysis.

32) Blood:
Blood is a vital fluid in the human body essential for delivering oxygen and nutrients. In the context of pharmacokinetics, understanding how drugs interact with blood is critical, especially for immediate release formulations, as quick drug absorption into the bloodstream can influence therapeutic effectiveness.

33) Shri (Sri, Sr):
Shri is an honorific term used in India, signifying respect and is often prefixed to names. In the document, it precedes the name of 'Shri B. M. Shah College,' acknowledging the institution's role and its contribution to pharmaceutical education and research in immediate release formulations.

34) Sah:
Shah refers to an institution or individual contributing to the field of pharmaceutical education and research. The mention of 'Shah' in the document emphasizes the collaborative community in Gujarat, India, involved in advancing the knowledge and practices related to immediate release dosage forms.

35) Food:
Food relates to the substances consumed for nourishment. In pharmaceuticals, the interaction between food and drugs is crucial, as food can affect the absorption and efficacy of medications, including immediate release formulations designed for optimal performance under specific consumption conditions.

36) Heap:
Heap commonly denotes a collection or accumulation of materials or substances. In the context of pharmaceutical powders, it refers to the manner in which powder mixtures are formed before tablet compression, highlighting the importance of handling and distribution for ensuring uniformity in formulations.

37) Pain:
Pain refers to an unpleasant sensory experience often requiring therapeutic intervention. Immediate release formulations are essential in managing acute pain conditions by providing rapid analgesic effects, thus improving the quality of life for patients needing prompt relief from discomfort.

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