Comparative phytochemical study of cassia fistula using HPTLC.

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Journal name: World Journal of Pharmaceutical Research
Original article title: Comparative phytochemical study of stem bark versus small branches of cassia fistula linn. using high performance thin layer chromatographic ultra violet detection method
The WJPR includes peer-reviewed publications such as scientific research papers, reports, review articles, company news, thesis reports and case studies in areas of Biology, Pharmaceutical industries and Chemical technology while incorporating ancient fields of knowledge such combining Ayurveda with scientific data.
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Original source:

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Author:

S. C. Verma, E. Vashishth, S. Subhani, R. Singh, P. Pant, M. M. Padhi and A.Kumar


World Journal of Pharmaceutical Research:

(An ISO 9001:2015 Certified International Journal)

Full text available for: Comparative phytochemical study of stem bark versus small branches of cassia fistula linn. using high performance thin layer chromatographic ultra violet detection method

Source type: An International Peer Reviewed Journal for Pharmaceutical and Medical and Scientific Research

Copyright (license): WJPR: All rights reserved


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Summary of article contents:

Introduction

The study focuses on Cassia fistula, commonly known as the Golden Shower Tree, which belongs to the Fabaceae family. Known for its wide range of medicinal properties in Ayurvedic medicine, every part of this tree has been noted for its usefulness in treating various ailments. The stem bark has significant applications as an anti-tubercular, anthelmintic, and diuretic agent, among others. The research aims to conduct a comparative phytochemical study between the stem bark and small branches of C. fistula using High-Performance Thin Layer Chromatography (HPTLC) with Ultra Violet Detection, providing insights into their similarities and potential interchangeability in medicinal applications.

Phytochemical Profiles and Chromatographic Analysis

The chromatographic analysis revealed that both the stem bark and small branches of C. fistula display similar phytochemical fingerprints. The HPTLC analysis was conducted using various solvents, including n-hexane, ethyl acetate, and ethanol, with specific attention to the retention factor (Rf) values at different wavelengths. Under UV detection at 254 nm and 366 nm, several bands corresponded to both plant parts, suggesting a similarity in their chemical compositions. This finding indicates that small branches may contain comparable bioactive components to the stem bark, opening avenues for their potential interchangeable use.

Medicinal Properties of Cassia fistula

The Golden Shower Tree possesses numerous health benefits, including its laxative, antipyretic, and anti-inflammatory effects. It is rich in various phytoconstituents such as flavonoids, anthraquinones, and glycosides, contributing to its efficacy in treating conditions like fever, diabetes, and skin ailments. The root, for instance, has been reported to significantly lower blood sugar levels, while the bark is known for its role in managing dysentery and cardiac conditions. The variety of phytochemicals present underscores the plant’s versatility and its significance in traditional medicine systems.

Research Methodology and Implications

The research methodology involved the collection and authentication of plant materials, followed by conventional extraction techniques. The analysis utilized both linear ascending development in Glass chambers and derivatization methods to visualize compounds. The results indicated that both the stem bark and small branches contain essential active agents capable of providing therapeutic benefits, thereby encouraging further evaluation of small branches as a possible substitute for stem bark in herbal preparations.

Conclusion

The study establishes that the phytochemical profiles of the stem bark and small branches of C. fistula are significantly similar, suggesting that small branches could serve as an effective alternative to the more commonly used stem bark in treating various health conditions. This finding not only supports the sustainable use of plant resources but also emphasizes the importance of phytochemical fingerprint profiling in herbal medicine. Future research could further explore the pharmacological potentials and applications of these plant parts, contributing to the broader understanding of Cassia fistula as a valuable medicinal resource.

FAQ section (important questions/answers):

What is the scientific classification of Cassia fistula?

Cassia fistula, commonly known as Golden Shower, belongs to the family Fabaceae. It is classified under the Kingdom Plantae, Super Division Spermatophyta, Division Mangoliophyta, Class Magnoliopsida, and Order Fabales.

What are the medicinal properties of Cassia fistula?

Cassia fistula has various medicinal properties, including anti-tubercular, anthelmintic, diuretic, emetic, laxative, and treatment for various conditions like boils, colic, dyspepsia, fever, and skin diseases.

How were the plant materials for the study collected?

Small branches and stem barks of Cassia fistula were collected in December 2013 and authenticated by a research officer for the study conducted in the research.

What extraction methods were used for Cassia fistula?

Conventional extraction methods used various solvents like n-hexane, ethyl acetate, and ethanol at room temperature, extracting plant materials multiple times to obtain concentrated sample solutions.

What was the main finding of the chromatographic study?

The study found that phytochemical fingerprints of stem bark and small branches were similar, suggesting that small branches may be viable substitutes for stem bark in medicinal uses.

What methods were used for phytochemical fingerprint profiling?

High Performance Thin Layer Chromatography (HPTLC) with UV detection was used to profile the phytochemicals present in the extracts of stem bark and small branches.

Glossary definitions and references:

Scientific and Ayurvedic Glossary list for “Comparative phytochemical study of cassia fistula using HPTLC.”. This list explains important keywords that occur in this article and links it to the glossary for a better understanding of that concept in the context of Ayurveda and other topics.

1) Phytochemical:
Phytochemicals are bioactive compounds found in plants that possess health-promoting properties. These compounds play a crucial role in traditional and contemporary medicine, showcasing their potential in combating diseases through mechanisms such as antioxidant activity, anti-inflammatory effects, and modulation of cellular processes. Their presence in plants like Cassia fistula highlights their relevance in both scientific study and herbal medicine.

2) Disease:
The term 'disease' refers to any condition that impairs normal bodily function. In the context of Cassia fistula, its various parts are traditionally used for treating numerous diseases, including infections and metabolic disorders. This highlights the significance of understanding herbal remedies in the management of illnesses and promoting overall health.

3) Tree:
The Golden Shower Tree, scientifically known as Cassia fistula, exemplifies the importance of tree species in ecosystems and herbal medicine. Its various parts offer medicinal benefits, and its aesthetic appeal contributes to landscaping and urban biodiversity, thus holding ecological, cultural, and economic significance in many regions.

4) India:
India is home to a rich diversity of flora, including medicinal plants like Cassia fistula, known for its various therapeutic properties in Ayurvedic practices. The cultural and historical contexts of medicinal use in India contribute to the global understanding of phytotherapy and the significance of indigenous knowledge in pharmacology.

5) Fever:
Fever is a common medical symptom indicating an underlying infection or inflammation. In traditional medicine, including Ayurvedic practices, plants like Cassia fistula are utilized for their antipyretic properties, helping to reduce fever. This exemplifies the importance of exploring natural remedies in fever management and health promotion.

6) Leprosy:
Leprosy, also known as Hansen's disease, is a chronic infectious disease that affects the skin, nerves, and mucous membranes. Traditional uses of Cassia fistula in managing leprosy highlight the historical context of herbal remedies in treating severe ailments, demonstrating the importance of ethnomedicine and phytotherapeutic research.

7) Gold (Golden):
The term 'Golden' in reference to Cassia fistula emphasizes the tree's vibrant yellow flowers, which are key identifiers of the species. The aesthetic and cultural significance of its flowers contributes to its importance as an ornamental plant, reflecting the need to preserve such species for ecological and aesthetic values.

8) Table:
The inclusion of tables in research signifies an organized presentation of data and results. Tables allow for efficient comparison and synthesis of information, such as the Rf values from phytochemical analyses in the study of Cassia fistula, aiding in the communication of findings and enhancing scientific understanding.

9) Flavonoid:
Flavonoids are a diverse group of plant compounds with known antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties. Their presence in plants like Cassia fistula underscores the plant's potential health benefits and traditional uses, making flavonoids crucial for research and understanding the biochemical basis of therapeutic properties in herbal medicine.

10) Activity:
The term 'activity' in pharmacology refers to the effects or functions of bioactive compounds in biological systems. The study of the biological activity of extracts from Cassia fistula helps elucidate their potential therapeutic roles, guiding further research into their usefulness as natural remedies for various health conditions.

11) Blood:
Blood is essential for transporting nutrients, oxygen, and waste throughout the body. The interaction between plant derivatives, like those from Cassia fistula, and blood health can highlight potential uses in managing conditions like diabetes, where blood sugar levels are critical, making this area of research significant for public health.

12) Study (Studying):
The term 'study' refers to systematic investigation aimed at discovering or interpreting facts. Research involving Cassia fistula, particularly in comparative analyses of its phytochemical properties, emphasizes the importance of scientific inquiry in validating traditional medicinal uses and improving understanding of plant-based therapies.

13) New Delhi:
New Delhi serves as the political and administrative capital of India, housing numerous research institutions focused on advancing traditional medicine and pharmacology. The role of New Delhi in promoting research on plants like Cassia fistula exemplifies the integration of cultural heritage into modern scientific practices.

14) Performance:
Performance in this context can refer to the efficacy of phytochemical extracts when subjected to analytical techniques like HPTLC. Evaluating performance is essential for determining the potential therapeutic applications of Cassia fistula and ensuring that traditional uses are backed by scientific evidence.

15) Medicine:
Medicine encompasses various practices aimed at maintaining or restoring health. The relevance of Cassia fistula in Ayurvedic medicine highlights the importance of integrating herbal solutions into contemporary healthcare, emphasizing the value of traditional knowledge in providing holistic healthcare options.

16) Species:
Species refers to a group of organisms capable of interbreeding, and in this case, Cassia fistula represents a specific species with unique pharmacological properties. Understanding species diversity is crucial in both conservation and the search for new medicinal compounds in herbal medicine.

17) Science (Scientific):
Science is the systematic study of the structure and behavior of the physical and natural world. The scientific examination of plants like Cassia fistula aids in validating traditional practices and understanding their mechanisms of action, contributing to advancements in pharmacognosy and medicinal chemistry.

18) Family:
Family, in botanical classification, groups related plants sharing common characteristics. The Fabaceae family includes Cassia fistula, highlighting its shared traits and significance within ecological and biochemical contexts, thus aiding biologists and pharmacologists in studying related species for medicinal uses.

19) Delhi:
Delhi, as a major metropolis, plays a vital role in research, education, and healthcare in India. The city hosts institutions that promote the study of traditional medicines, including Cassia fistula, bridging the gap between ancient practices and modern scientific discoveries in pharmacology.

20) Ulcer:
An ulcer is a sore that develops on the skin or mucous membranes, which can be exacerbated by various factors. The use of Cassia fistula in managing ulcers illustrates the importance of herbal remedies in treating skin and internal injuries, emphasizing the need for further exploration in this area.

21) Rich (Rch):
Rich refers to the abundance of certain qualities or substances, such as phytochemicals in Cassia fistula. The richness of these compounds contributes to the plant's medicinal potential, making it an important subject for studies aimed at enhancing the efficacy of traditional treatments.

22) Pain:
Pain serves as a signal indicating potential harm or injury, and traditional remedies like those derived from Cassia fistula often address various types of pain. Understanding analgesic properties can lead to the development of effective herbal treatments, enhancing compassionate healthcare approaches.

23) Worm:
Worms, particularly intestinal parasites, pose health concerns worldwide. The anthelmintic properties of Cassia fistula showcase its potential role in traditional medicine to eliminate these parasites, substantiating the need for integrated approaches in treating parasitic infections.

24) Pharmacological:
Pharmacological refers to the study of drug action and how various substances affect biological systems. Investigating the pharmacological aspects of Cassia fistula's extracts emphasizes the importance of understanding their medicinal properties and enhancing their applications in modern medicine.

25) Swelling:
Swelling, or edema, indicates inflammation or accumulation of fluids in tissues. Medicinal plants like Cassia fistula are often utilized for their anti-inflammatory properties, offering natural solutions for managing swelling and promoting healing processes, thus enriching traditional therapeutic practices.

26) Lucknow:
Lucknow is a significant city in India where various herbal and Ayurvedic research activities are conducted. Its contributions to the study of plants like Cassia fistula highlight the importance of regional knowledge in rediscovering traditional remedies for modern health challenges.

27) Insect:
Insects are prevalent in ecosystems and can be both beneficial and harmful. As irritants in skin diseases, the relevance of Cassia fistula in soothing insect bites underscores the therapeutic potential of traditional medicines in managing allergic and inflammatory responses.

28) Sugar:
Sugar, particularly blood sugar, plays a critical role in metabolic health. The role of Cassia fistula in managing blood glucose levels emphasizes the significance of exploring plant-based treatments in diabetes care, highlighting traditional knowledge's relevance in contemporary health management.

29) Burning sensation:
Burning sensation often signals an inflammatory process or irritation. The medicinal applications of Cassia fistula in alleviating such sensations showcase the importance of traditional remedies in managing discomfort, underlining the need for further research into their therapeutic benefits.

30) Inflammation:
Inflammation is the body's response to injury or infection, vital for healing. The anti-inflammatory properties of Cassia fistula make it a significant subject of study in traditional medicine, highlighting natural alternatives for managing chronic inflammatory conditions.

31) Measurement:
Measurement refers to the quantification of substances, crucial for scientific investigation. In the context of Cassia fistula, accurate measurement of phytochemical constituents aids in validating historical medicinal claims and paves the way for further pharmacological studies.

32) Discussion:
Discussion involves analyzing and interpreting research findings. The discussion related to Cassia fistula's studies emphasizes the integration of traditional knowledge with scientific inquiry, allowing for a deeper understanding of its medicinal properties and applications.

33) Snake-bite:
Snake-bite is a medical emergency requiring immediate treatment. The application of Cassia fistula in folk remedies illustrates the urgency of researching plant-based antidotes, contributing to the exploration of new treatments for snake venom and enhancing medical responses.

34) Irritation:
Irritation serves as a response to external stimuli that can lead to discomfort. The use of Cassia fistula in soothing irritations illustrates the value of herbal medicine in providing relief, underscoring the need for scientific validation of its traditional uses.

35) Similarity:
Similarity indicates the degree of resemblance between different samples or entities. In the context of comparative studies on Cassia fistula, determining similarity in phytochemical profiles supports the identification of alternative sources for therapeutic applications, enhancing resource utilization in herbal medicine.

36) Dressing:
Dressing refers to a protective covering applied to wounds. The relevance of Cassia fistula's extracts in wound healing emphasizes the potential of natural remedies in creating effective dressings, thus advocating for the integration of traditional approaches in modern medical practice.

37) Relative:
Relative pertains to the comparison or familial relationship among organisms. Understanding botany in the context of relatives of Cassia fistula aids in the exploration of diverse species that may yield similar beneficial properties, enriching the field of ethnobotany.

38) Pregnant:
Pregnant refers to the condition of carrying a fetus. The consideration of herbal remedies, including Cassia fistula, for use in pregnant women underscores the critical need for rigorous testing and understanding of herbal safety and efficacy during pregnancy.

39) Pungent:
Pungent describes a strong, sharp smell or taste. The pungent properties of compounds in Cassia fistula may contribute to its therapeutic effects, illustrating the importance of sensory characteristics in evaluating the efficacy and acceptance of herbal remedies.

40) Burning (Burn, Burned, Burnt):
Burning can refer to both physical sensations and health effects. The role of Cassia fistula in providing relief from burning sensations associated with inflammation or irritation showcases the plant's relevance in traditional practices aimed at alleviating discomfort.

41) Kerala:
Kerala, a state in India known for its rich biodiversity and traditional medicine practices, plays a pivotal role in preserving the knowledge of herbs like Cassia fistula. The state’s emphasis on Ayurveda highlights the importance of local biodiversity in promoting health and wellness.

42) Street:
Street trees like Cassia fistula enhance urban landscapes and biodiversity. Their use in public spaces reflects the intersection of nature and human habitations, promoting ecological awareness while providing aesthetic, social, and health benefits to urban communities.

43) Powder:
Powder, in herbal medicine, refers to finely ground plant materials, making it easier to incorporate into formulations. The powdered form of Cassia fistula extracts allows for versatile applications in health practices, enabling easier dosing and integration into traditional remedies.

44) Indian:
Indian highlights the cultural and geographical context of medicinal practices and biodiversity. Plants like Cassia fistula are integral to Ayurvedic medicine, showcasing the significance of indigenous flora in providing holistic health solutions within the Indian cultural framework.

45) Lanka (Lamka, Lànkà):
Lanka or Sri Lanka holds significant biodiversity, including plants like Cassia fistula. The traditional use of local flora in medicinal practices highlights the rich cultural heritage and the importance of preserving such knowledge for future generations and ecological sustainability.

46) Kumar:
Kumar, as a common surname in India, represents contributions by individuals in various fields, including research on plants like Cassia fistula. Individual researchers highlight the collaborative effort needed in advancing scientific understanding and validating traditional medicinal practices.

47) Glass:
Glass refers to materials used for laboratory apparatus and containers. In the context of phytochemical analysis of Cassia fistula, glass equipment enables safe handling and precise measurement of extracts, emphasizing the importance of materials in scientific research.

48) Hindi (Himdi):
Hindi, as a major language in India, plays a crucial role in disseminating knowledge about traditional medicine. The recognition of Cassia fistula in Hindi texts reflects cultural heritage and facilitates communication regarding herbal remedies among communities and practitioners.

49) Pati (Patin):
Padhi may refer to a contributor in the research or study presented, showcasing the importance of collaboration in scientific endeavors. Each researcher's contribution helps further knowledge and validation of traditional practices in medicine.

50) Cina:
China, with its rich herbal medicine traditions, shares a historical context with India regarding the use of plants like Cassia fistula. The comparative analysis across cultures enhances the understanding of traditional medicinal applications and fosters collaborative research opportunities.

51) Genu:
Genu usually refers to a form or method, implying authenticity or genuineness. In herbal medicine, assessing the genuineness of medicinal properties derived from plants like Cassia fistula ensures that traditional knowledge is accurately represented and scientifically evaluated for modern applications.

52) Drug:
The term drug signifies any substance used for therapeutic purposes. Understanding the transition of Cassia fistula from traditional use to potential pharmaceutical applications underscores the versatility of plant-derived compounds and their significance in developing new therapies for modern medicine.

Other Science Concepts:

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Discover the significance of concepts within the article: ‘Comparative phytochemical study of cassia fistula using HPTLC.’. Further sources in the context of Science might help you critically compare this page with similair documents:

Cassia fistula, Snake-bite, Skin disease, Comparative study, Medicinal properties, Jaundice, Natural remedies, Laxative properties, Therapeutic agent, Ayurvedic medicine, Central nervous system, Small branches, Anti-inflammatory activity, Antioxidant activity, Plant material, Tannins and flavonoids, High performance thin layer chromatography, Antioxidant properties, Thin Layer Chromatography, Anti oxidant activity, Hepatoprotective activity, Cardiac conditions, Phytochemical Investigation, Coronary artery disease, Hepatoprotective, Phytochemical fingerprint, Blood glucose level, Traditional medicinal use, Hypoglycaemic activity, Antitumor properties, Diabetes treatment, TLC plate, Acid reflux, Stem Bark, Leaf extract, Biologically active compound, Amoebiasis, Alcohol extract, Phytoconstituent, Chemical Extraction, Phytoconstituents Isolated, Pharmacognostical report, Hypercholesterolaemia.

Concepts being referred in other categories, contexts and sources.

Fruits and flowers, Flowers and fruit, Decoction of root, Liver-complaint.

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