Antihistamines' effects on rat plasma acid phosphatase and LDH.
Journal name: World Journal of Pharmaceutical Research
Original article title: Effects of some antihistamines on rat plasma acid phosphatase and lactate dehydrogenase activity.
The WJPR includes peer-reviewed publications such as scientific research papers, reports, review articles, company news, thesis reports and case studies in areas of Biology, Pharmaceutical industries and Chemical technology while incorporating ancient fields of knowledge such combining Ayurveda with scientific data.
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Okwandu, Ngozika, Ifemeje, Jonathan and Modo Emmanuel
World Journal of Pharmaceutical Research:
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Full text available for: Effects of some antihistamines on rat plasma acid phosphatase and lactate dehydrogenase activity.
Source type: An International Peer Reviewed Journal for Pharmaceutical and Medical and Scientific Research
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Summary of article contents:
Introduction
Antihistamines such as Piriton, Cypron, and Tavagyl are commonly used medications in Nigeria to manage allergic and non-allergic reactions by acting as H1-antagonists. However, these drugs can produce side effects ranging from mild to severe at both therapeutic and toxic doses. Previous studies indicate that these medications might induce alterations in biochemical markers. This study investigates the impact of these antihistamines on plasma acid phosphatase and lactate dehydrogenase activities in rats, which are significant for understanding potential metabolic consequences of their use.
Effect on Acid Phosphatase Activity
One of the primary findings of this research is that Piriton, Cypron, and Tavagyl significantly enhance the activity of plasma acid phosphatase (ACP). The study reports that when administered at a dose of 0.04 mg per 300g body weight over 30 days, ACP activity increased by 65.33%, 69.67%, and 79.67% respectively for these drugs. This enhancement may indicate an activation of enzyme synthesis or reduced enzymatic clearance from the plasma. In both in vivo and in vitro settings, concentrations of 0.04 mg/ml also exhibited substantial increases in ACP activity, suggesting a possible link between antihistamine administration and biochemical responses related to inflammation or cancer markers, particularly prostate cancer.
Impact on Lactate Dehydrogenase Activity
Conversely, the study found that these antihistamines result in a decrease in lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) activity. Specifically, at comparable dosing, LDH activity diminished significantly, with reductions measuring 23.67%, 33.00%, and 38.67% across the respective drugs. The study postulates that this reduction might stem from interactions at the substrate level or could be reflective of altered metabolic processes due to the antihistamines. Elevated LDH levels are typically associated with tissue damage or metabolic distress, hence the observed decrease may indicate protective biochemical mechanisms triggered by the antihistamines.
Clinical Implications of Findings
The observed effects on enzyme activities have critical clinical implications. The increase in ACP could serve as a potential biomarker for monitoring treatment responses in conditions such as certain types of cancer, while the decrease in LDH might reflect a reduction in cellular stress or damage. The study highlights the importance of recognizing these biochemical changes when administering antihistamines, especially in populations prone to pre-existing conditions that may confound enzyme activities. Such insights can assist healthcare providers in making informed decisions about antihistamine usage while monitoring for potentially adverse effects.
Conclusion
In conclusion, while antihistamines like Piriton, Cypron, and Tavagyl are effective in managing allergic reactions, they can incur significant biochemical changes within the body. The dual effects of these medications—increasing plasma acid phosphatase activity while decreasing lactate dehydrogenase activity—underscore the need for cautious administration and monitoring of side effects associated with these drugs. Understanding these biochemical ramifications is critical for clinicians in order to mitigate risks and ensure patient safety, especially in the context of frequent and potential self-medication practices.
FAQ section (important questions/answers):
What are the antihistamines studied in this research?
The study focused on three antihistamines: Piriton, Cypron, and Tavagyl, commonly used in Nigeria to manage allergic responses.
How do the studied antihistamines affect Acid Phosphatase activity?
Piriton, Cypron, and Tavagyl significantly increase Acid Phosphatase activity in rats, indicating their potential stimulatory role on enzyme activity.
What impact do antihistamines have on Lactate Dehydrogenase activity?
The antihistamines were found to decrease Lactate Dehydrogenase activity, suggesting inhibitory effects on this enzyme during the study.
What methods were used to test the effects of these antihistamines?
The study employed both in vivo tests on rats and in vitro tests using human plasma to assess enzyme activity changes.
What caution is advised regarding the use of these antihistamines?
Due to potential biochemical reactions, caution is advised when using antihistamines, especially to avoid self-medication and misuse.
What are the potential side effects of these antihistamines?
Side effects may include sedation, insomnia, nausea, and other discomforts, especially at therapeutic or toxic doses.
Glossary definitions and references:
Scientific and Ayurvedic Glossary list for “Antihistamines' effects on rat plasma acid phosphatase and LDH.”. This list explains important keywords that occur in this article and links it to the glossary for a better understanding of that concept in the context of Ayurveda and other topics.
1) Activity:
In the context of the study, 'activity' refers to the functioning or efficacy of enzymes like Acid Phosphatase and Lactate Dehydrogenase in biological samples. It indicates how well these enzymes catalyze reactions, which is crucial for understanding metabolic processes and the impact of antihistamines on these biochemical markers.
2) Drug:
A 'drug' signifies any substance used to diagnose, cure, treat, or prevent disease. In this study, antihistamines like Piriton, Cypron, and Tavagyl are examined for their effects on enzyme activity in rats, highlighting both therapeutic uses and potential side effects on the body's biochemical systems.
3) Table:
In research articles, 'table' refers to a systematic arrangement of data for easier understanding and analysis. Tables in this study display quantitative results of enzyme activity, showcasing the effects of various drug doses on Acid Phosphatase and Lactate Dehydrogenase, making complex findings accessible to readers.
4) Cancer:
The term 'cancer' relates to a group of diseases characterized by uncontrolled cell growth. The study references Acid Phosphatase as a marker for prostate cancer, exploring how antihistamines might influence this enzyme's levels, thereby indicating potential implications for cancer diagnosis or monitoring through enzyme activity.
5) Blood:
'Blood' is a vital fluid that circulates in the body, carrying nutrients, oxygen, and waste products. This study emphasizes the role of blood plasma in analyzing enzyme activity, reflecting the physiological changes induced by drugs. Blood tests help research the biochemical impacts of antihistamines on enzymes.
6) Water:
'Water' serves as an essential solvent in biological systems, facilitating various biochemical reactions. In the context of the study, it is used as a control in experiments to assess the activity of enzymes when interacting with drugs, providing a baseline for comparative analysis of absorption and reactions.
7) Diet:
'Diet' refers to the food and nutrition consumed, which plays a significant role in physiological health and biochemistry. The study notes that rats were maintained on normal diets during the investigation, indicating the importance of consistent dietary conditions in understanding the effects of antihistamine administration on enzymes.
8) Inflammation:
Inflammation is a biological response to harmful stimuli, such as pathogens or irritants. The study examines antihistamines' effects, which are used to manage inflammation resulting from histamine release. Understanding these effects on enzymes could reveal significant insights into managing allergic and inflammatory conditions.
9) Discussion:
'Discussion' in a research paper involves interpreting study results and contextualizing findings within existing literature. This section elaborates on the implications of enzyme activity changes due to drug administration, aiding in understanding how antihistamines might affect metabolic pathways and suggesting areas for further research.
10) Depression:
'Depression' is a mental health condition that can arise from various factors, including medication side effects. The study mentions potential central nervous system depression as a side effect of antihistamines, emphasizing the need for awareness of both therapeutic benefits and adverse effects in clinical settings.
11) Disease:
'Disease' is a pathological condition that disrupts normal bodily functions. In this study, antihistamines, while utilized for managing allergic reactions, are also evaluated for their biochemical influence, reflecting a broader concern about the relationship between drugs, enzyme activity, and the development of diseases.
12) Allergy:
'Allergy' is a hypersensitive response to substances (allergens) that typically provoke no reaction in other individuals. The study focuses on antihistamines, which are primarily used to treat allergic reactions, examining their biochemical effects to better understand their therapeutic mechanisms and potential side effects.
13) Nausea:
'Nausea' is the sensation of unease and discomfort in the stomach, often leading to the urge to vomit. In the context of antihistamines, the study highlights nausea as a potential side effect, underscoring the importance of monitoring adverse reactions while managing allergic conditions.
14) Reason:
'Reason' pertains to the rationale behind the study's investigation. Understanding the effects of antihistamines on enzyme activity can elucidate the biochemical pathways affected by these drugs, which in turn informs better medical practices and therapeutic interventions for allergy management and related conditions.
15) Medium:
'Medium' in this study refers to the acidic or basic environment required for optimal enzymatic activity. It is crucial for measuring enzyme functions like Acid Phosphatase, as the pH impacts enzymatic reactions, allowing for the precise assessment of drug influences on metabolic processes.
16) Plough:
'Plough' in this context refers to the manufacturer of one of the antihistamines, emphasizing the importance of sourcing and labeling medications. Understanding the production and quality of drugs informs their efficacy and safety in clinical applications, particularly when evaluating their biochemical impacts in research.
17) Study (Studying):
'Study' denotes the systematic investigation into the effects of antihistamines on enzyme activity. This research aims to contribute to the understanding of how these drugs interact biochemically within the body, facilitating improved therapeutic practices and awareness of potential side effects.
18) Vena:
'Vena' originates from 'vena puncture,' a method used to collect blood samples for research. This technique is crucial for analyzing the physiological effects of drugs on human plasma and helps establish a direct correlation between antihistamine administration and enzyme activity changes.
19) Milk:
'Milk' is a nutrient-rich liquid often assessed for biochemical components. In the study, it is used to illustrate the presence of Acid Phosphatase, used as a marker in disease diagnosis. This reinforces the enzyme's significance across various biological fluids, including its clinical relevance.
20) Salt (Salty):
'Salt' is crucial in biochemistry, often serving as a substrate or medium in reactions. The term might refer to various substances used in enzyme assays within the study, illustrating how ionic compounds influence enzymatic activity and enhance reaction conditions in laboratory settings.
21) Male:
'Male' pertains to the gender of test subjects in the study. The inclusion of both male and female rats allows for a comprehensive understanding of how biochemical responses to antihistamines might differ based on gender, which is essential for developing tailored therapeutic approaches.
Other Science Concepts:
Discover the significance of concepts within the article: ‘Antihistamines' effects on rat plasma acid phosphatase and LDH.’. Further sources in the context of Science might help you critically compare this page with similair documents:
Drug Absorption, Therapeutic dose, In vitro test, Hyperthyroidism, Biochemical reaction, CNS depression, Human plasma, UV Spectrophotometer, Rat plasma, Toxic dose, Lactate dehydrogenase activity, Acid phosphatase activity, Drug metabolizing enzyme, Piriton cypron, Tavagyl antihistamine, Biochemical research, Enzyme activity effects, Elevated LDH levels, Biotransformation processes, Self medication abuse, In vitro assay, In vivo test, Marker enzyme, Percentage decrease, Bioavailability of the drug, Antihistamine, Drug dose, Wistar albino rat, Test duration, Effects of antihistamines, Piriton cypron and tavagyl, Standard commercial feed, Percentage increase, Marker for prostate cancer, Piriton, Cypron, Tavagyl, Biotransformation of the drugs, Clinical limitations, Low rate of ACP clearance, High degree of induction, Environnemental effects, Rat acid phosphatase, Human acid phosphatase, Prostate carcinoma, Deleterious to the body.