Formulation of tetracycline nano-emulsion
Journal name: World Journal of Pharmaceutical Research
Original article title: Formulation of tetracycline nano-emulsion
The WJPR includes peer-reviewed publications such as scientific research papers, reports, review articles, company news, thesis reports and case studies in areas of Biology, Pharmaceutical industries and Chemical technology while incorporating ancient fields of knowledge such combining Ayurveda with scientific data.
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Fadli A., Nizam A. G., Ibrahim A., Nurulnadiah A. K., Jiyauddin K., Samer A. D., S. Budiasih, M. Kaleemullah, Jawad A., Rasha S., Todo H., Sugibayashi K. and Eddy Y.
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Full text available for: Formulation of tetracycline nano-emulsion
Source type: An International Peer Reviewed Journal for Pharmaceutical and Medical and Scientific Research
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Summary of article contents:
Introduction
The research article discusses the formulation of tetracycline nano-emulsion, an innovative form of nano-pharmaceuticals. Nano-emulsions are stable, isotropic dispersions of immiscible liquids, typically comprising droplet sizes ranging from 5 nm to 200 nm. This study emphasizes the significance of nano-emulsions in pharmaceutical applications, particularly their enhanced absorption and efficacy in delivering drugs such as tetracycline, which is utilized for treating various skin disorders, including acne.
Importance of Nano-Emulsions in Drug Delivery
One crucial concept explored in the study is the role of nano-emulsions in improving drug delivery systems. These emulsions facilitate the solubilization of lipophilic drugs and can enhance their bioavailability. The method of phase inversion emulsification is employed to create a stable nano-emulsion, reflecting how the right surfactant concentration can optimize the emulsion's efficacy. This method not only protects the active ingredients from degradation by water or air but also allows for better permeability through the skin, thereby increasing the therapeutic effects of the administered drug.
Formulation Process and Measurements
The formulation of tetracycline nano-emulsion involved a systematic approach using specific proportions of oil, water, and surfactant to create several formulations. The study particularly highlights the analysis of droplet size and viscosity as these properties influence the overall effectiveness of the nano-emulsion. Formulation 8, which included 10% oil, 70% water, and 20% surfactant, demonstrated a mean droplet size of 405 nm, fitting within the antimicrobial nano-emulsion range of 200 nm to 600 nm. This characterization underscores the importance of precise formulation to achieve desirable therapeutic outcomes.
Temperature Effects on Viscosity and Stability
The analysis of the formulations revealed that temperature significantly affects viscosity and stability. During the study, it was observed that the viscosity increased at lower temperatures and decreased at higher temperatures. This finding indicates how temperature variations can impact the performance and stability of formulations, with memorable effects after one month of storage across different temperature conditions. The stability of formulation 8 was maintained at room temperature, whereas higher temperatures led to a more flowable consistency.
Conclusion
In conclusion, the study effectively illustrates the formulation of tetracycline nano-emulsion and its implications for enhancing drug delivery systems. Formulation 8 stood out due to its appropriate droplet size and stability, suggesting that effective nano-emulsions can improve the delivery and absorption of drugs in therapeutic applications. Future research is warranted to explore methods for increasing stability and minimizing potential side effects, such as skin irritation from local applications. Moreover, innovative approaches like the inclusion of soothing agents or color-masking techniques are recommended for improving patient compliance and overall product efficacy.
FAQ section (important questions/answers):
What are nano-emulsions and their significance in pharmaceuticals?
Nano-emulsions are stable mixtures of immiscible liquids, like water and oil, typically consisting of small droplets. They enhance drug bioavailability and absorption, making them significant in pharmaceutical applications.
What was the aim of the tetracycline nano-emulsion study?
The study aimed to formulate a tetracycline nano-emulsion for acne treatment, emphasizing improving drug delivery and stability through nano-technology.
What formulations were analyzed in this research project?
The research analyzed several formulations, particularly focusing on formulation 8, which showed droplet sizes within the antimicrobial nano-emulsion range of 200 nm to 600 nm.
How did temperature affect the viscosity of the formulations?
Temperature significantly impacted the viscosity of the formulations; higher temperatures typically resulted in decreased viscosity, while lower temperatures led to increased viscosity.
What were the findings regarding formulation 8's droplet size?
Formulation 8 produced a droplet size of 405 nm, which falls within the desired range for antimicrobial nano-emulsions, indicating effective formulation.
What considerations were suggested for future studies on tetracycline nano-emulsion?
Future studies should focus on long-term stability, potential skin irritation due to tetracycline color, and enhancing the formulation with additional soothing agents.
Glossary definitions and references:
Scientific and Ayurvedic Glossary list for “Formulation of tetracycline nano-emulsion”. This list explains important keywords that occur in this article and links it to the glossary for a better understanding of that concept in the context of Ayurveda and other topics.
1) Water:
Water is a crucial component in the formulation of nano-emulsions, serving as a dispersing medium. In this study, it is mixed with oil and surfactants to create stable emulsions. The properties of water, such as solubility and viscosity, significantly influence the effectiveness and stability of the final product.
2) Study (Studying):
The study focuses on the formulation of tetracycline nano-emulsion, examining the effects of various concentrations of oil, water, and surfactants. It aims to understand how these factors affect the droplet size and stability of the nano-emulsion, contributing valuable insights for pharmaceutical applications in treatments.
3) Drug:
In this context, 'drug' refers specifically to tetracycline, an antibiotic used to treat bacterial infections. The study explores its formulation into a nano-emulsion to enhance bioavailability and deliver the drug effectively to targeted areas, such as the skin for treating acne and other skin conditions.
4) Science (Scientific):
Science underpins the entire research process, integrating principles of chemistry, biology, and pharmacology. The application of nano-technology in the formulation process is a scientific endeavor aimed at improving the delivery and effectiveness of pharmaceuticals, underscoring the importance of rigorous scientific methodologies in developing medical treatments.
5) Table:
Tables are employed in the study to present data systematically, including the composition and viscosity measurements of various formulations. They provide a clear comparison of results among different samples, aiding in the analysis of how formulations behave under various conditions and helping draw meaningful conclusions.
6) Alam (Alaṁ):
Shah Alam is a city in Malaysia where the research was conducted at the School of Pharmacy, Management & Science University. The location is significant as it provides access to resources and research facilities, playing an integral role in the study's execution and subsequent findings.
7) Sah:
Shah refers to Shah Alam, the city where the research project took place. The educational institution located in Shah Alam serves as a hub for pharmaceutical research in Malaysia, encapsulating the collaboration between academia and industry to advance the field of pharmaceutical sciences.
8) Activity:
Activity in this context refers to the antimicrobial effectiveness of the formulated nano-emulsion against pathogens. The study highlights how the nano-emulsion can potentially enhance drug activity due to its nano-sized droplets, allowing for better penetration and efficacy against bacteria and other microbes.
9) Rheumatoid arthritis:
Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is mentioned as a condition for which tetracycline may have therapeutic implications. Understanding its potential use in managing RA emphasizes the broader applications of the research, showcasing how the formulation may aid in treating inflammatory conditions as well as skin disorders.
10) Arrangement:
Arrangement refers to the structural organization of components in the nano-emulsion, including the surfactant molecules. Understanding how these molecules interact and arrange themselves is crucial for achieving stability and optimizing the delivery of active ingredients, thus enhancing the effectiveness of the formulation.
11) Discussion:
Discussion sections in research papers analyze findings, compare them with existing literature, and interpret the implications of results. In this study, the discussion highlights the significance of formulation parameters, such as viscosity and droplet size, and their impact on the overall success of the nano-emulsion.
12) Irritation:
Irritation is a potential adverse effect of using topical tetracycline formulations. The study acknowledges the need to address this issue, suggesting that additional ingredients may be required to mitigate skin irritation, ensuring that the formulation is safe and well-tolerated for intended users.
13) Antibiotic (Antibacterial):
Antibiotics like tetracycline are critical in treating infections. This study explores formulating tetracycline into a nano-emulsion to enhance its delivery and minimize resistance, highlighting the importance of effective antibiotic use in pharmaceutical development and emerging healthcare challenges.
14) Medicine:
Medicine encompasses the broader field of healthcare that includes drug formulation and delivery. This study fits within the medicinal context by investigating new ways to improve drug efficacy, aiming to optimize treatment outcomes associated with various medical conditions through innovative pharmaceutical technologies.
15) Disease:
Disease, specifically acne and other skin conditions, is the target for the formulated tetracycline nano-emulsion. The study addresses how improved drug delivery systems can effectively treat diseases, emphasizing the role of pharmaceutical advancements in managing and alleviating health issues.
16) Species:
Species may refer to bacterial or microbial entities targeted by the antimicrobial properties of the formulated nano-emulsion. Understanding the interaction between the formulation and different species of pathogens is essential for evaluating its effectiveness and potential applications in clinical settings.
17) Surface:
Surface properties play a vital role in the stability and effectiveness of nano-emulsions. The study examines how surfactants interact with oil and water surfaces, affecting droplet formation and stability, ultimately impacting the bioavailability of the drug in the formulation.
18) Sharman (Sarma, Sharma, Sarman):
Sharma is mentioned as a reference for prior studies related to nanotechnology in pharmaceuticals. Citing previous research helps validate the current study, situating it within an existing framework of knowledge and highlighting the ongoing advancements in nano-formulation techniques.
19) Rasa (Rasha):
Rasha is one of the authors involved in the study, representing a collaborative effort from various researchers. The inclusion of multiple authors showcases the interdisciplinary nature of the research project and highlights the contribution of diverse expertise in achieving the study's objectives.
20) Mara:
Mara refers to the University Teknologi Mara (UiTM), which hosted the laboratory where analysis occurred. This institution plays a crucial role in providing research infrastructure, facilitating various experimental processes essential for evaluating the formulations developed in the study.
21) Hand:
Hand refers to the method of homogenization used in the formulation process, impacting the size and distribution of nanodroplets. The use of hand homogenizers indicates the manual effort involved in developing formulations, highlighting the challenges and considerations in achieving consistent nanoscale results.
Other Science Concepts:
Discover the significance of concepts within the article: ‘Formulation of tetracycline nano-emulsion’. Further sources in the context of Science might help you critically compare this page with similair documents:
Medicinal plant, Physical appearance, Essential oil, Statistical analysis, Antimicrobial activity, Active ingredient, Viscosity, Temperature effect, Propionibacterium acnes, Skin treatment, Bioavailability of drug, Stability Studies, British pharmacopoeia, Olive oil.