Journal name: World Journal of Pharmaceutical Research
Original article title: Buccal drug delivery system
The WJPR includes peer-reviewed publications such as scientific research papers, reports, review articles, company news, thesis reports and case studies in areas of Biology, Pharmaceutical industries and Chemical technology while incorporating ancient fields of knowledge such combining Ayurveda with scientific data.
This page presents a generated summary with additional references; See source (below) for actual content.
Subtitle: a review
Original source:
This page is merely a summary which is automatically generated hence you should visit the source to read the original article which includes the author, publication date, notes and references.
Avani J. Ramani, Dr. Kanu R. Patel and Dr. Mukesh R. Patel
Download the PDF file of the original publication
World Journal of Pharmaceutical Research:
(An ISO 9001:2015 Certified International Journal)
Full text available for: Buccal drug delivery system
Source type: An International Peer Reviewed Journal for Pharmaceutical and Medical and Scientific Research
Copyright (license): WJPR: All rights reserved
Summary of article contents:
Introduction
The buccal drug delivery system is an innovative approach to administering medications that utilizes the buccal mucosa, a highly vascularized and relatively permeable membrane located in the oral cavity. This method presents a solution to common problems associated with traditional oral drug delivery, such as high first-pass metabolism and drug degradation in the gastrointestinal tract. By leveraging the properties of mucoadhesive polymers, buccal drug delivery can provide both systemic and local therapeutic effects. The advantages include ease of administration, rapid onset of action, and the ability to give drugs to patients who are unconscious or non-cooperative.
Mucoadhesion: The Key Concept
Mucoadhesion refers to the process wherein mucoadhesive polymers interact and bond with biological mucosal surfaces, allowing for prolonged retention of drug formulations. This phenomenon involves several stages, including contact and consolidation. In the contact stage, the mucoadhesive polymer makes intimate contact with the mucosal membrane, driven by hydration and swelling. The consolidation stage involves the activation of mucoadhesive properties through moisture, enabling the formation of weak bonds such as Van der Waals and hydrogen bonds between the polymers and mucin molecules in the mucus layer. The effectiveness of mucoadhesive systems can significantly enhance drug retention and therapeutic outcomes.
Advantages and Disadvantages of Buccal Delivery
Buccal drug delivery systems offer several distinct advantages, including ease of administration, the ability to easily terminate therapy, and the potential for localized treatment. These systems can deliver drugs that would otherwise suffer from poor bioavailability through the oral route due to extensive first-pass metabolism. However, they also face limitations, such as the inability to administer drugs that irritate the oral mucosa, have unpleasant tastes, or possess poor stability at buccal pH levels. The buccal mucosa's limited absorption area and lower permeability compared to other routes, like sublingual or intestinal, also pose challenges for drug delivery efficiency.
The Role of Saliva and Mucus in Drug Delivery
Saliva plays a pivotal role in supporting the buccal drug delivery system by providing a protective fluid for oral tissues and facilitating the dissolution of drugs for absorption. It consists mainly of water, proteins, and electrolytes, crucial for maintaining oral health and aiding in digestion. Mucus, produced by goblet cells, acts as a protective barrier and consists of glycoproteins that promote drug adhesion through bioadhesion mechanisms. Both saliva and mucus's structural and compositional properties significantly impact the formulation and efficiency of mucoadhesive drug delivery systems.
Conclusion
In summary, buccal drug delivery represents a promising avenue in advanced pharmaceutical technologies due to its ability to bypass first-pass metabolism and facilitate rapid systemic absorption. However, challenges related to permeability barriers, potential irritation, and drug instability need to be addressed through further research and technological innovations. The successful application of mucoadhesive polymers and an understanding of the physiological environment of the oral mucosa could lead to significant improvements in treatment outcomes for various diseases, enhancing the spectrum of drugs deliverable via this method.
FAQ section (important questions/answers):
What is mucoadhesion and its significance in drug delivery?
Mucoadhesion is the process where polymers interact with mucosal surfaces, aiding in prolonged drug delivery. It helps overcome physiological barriers, enhances bioavailability, and allows for convenient administration of drugs through routes like the buccal mucosa.
What are the advantages of buccal drug delivery systems?
Buccal drug delivery systems offer ease of administration, rapid onset of action, and bypass first-pass metabolism. They are suitable for unconscious patients and allow for localized drug application for sustained periods, minimizing systemic side effects.
What are the challenges associated with buccal drug delivery?
Challenges include drug irritation to the oral mucosa, instability at buccal pH, and low permeability compared to other routes. Additionally, drugs may inadvertently be swallowed, negating the benefits of the buccal route.
How does the buccal mucosa facilitate drug absorption?
Drug absorption through the buccal mucosa primarily occurs via passive diffusion. The rich blood supply and relatively thin mucosal layer allow drugs to enter systemic circulation while bypassing hepatic first-pass metabolism.
What types of polymers are used in buccal drug delivery?
Buccal drug delivery utilizes natural and synthetic mucoadhesive polymers such as chitosan, carbopol, and sodium alginate. These polymers enhance adhesion to the mucosal surface and improve the retention of drug formulations.
What are the evaluation parameters for buccal drug delivery systems?
Evaluation parameters include bulk density, tapped density, hardness, friability, swelling index, and mucoadhesive strength. These parameters ensure the quality, efficacy, and stability of buccal tablet formulations in drug delivery.
Glossary definitions and references:
Scientific and Ayurvedic Glossary list for “Buccal drug delivery system”. This list explains important keywords that occur in this article and links it to the glossary for a better understanding of that concept in the context of Ayurveda and other topics.
1) Drug:
Drug refers to a substance used to diagnose, treat, or prevent diseases. The study emphasizes its delivery via buccal routes to avoid first-pass metabolism, enhancing bioavailability. Different drugs can be absorbed through the buccal mucosa, making suitable drug formulations essential for optimized therapeutic effects.
2) Surface:
Surface pertains to the outer layer or boundary of a material. In the context of buccal drug delivery, understanding the surface properties of polymers, and how they interact with mucosal membranes is critical for effective adhesion and bioavailability of the drug, ensuring prolonged contact for absorption.
3) Water:
Water is a crucial solvent in many biological and pharmaceutical processes. In buccal drug delivery systems, the presence of water enhances drug solubility and polymer swelling, facilitating better mucoadhesion and absorption through the buccal mucosa, which is vital for effective drug transportation in the body.
4) Powder:
Powder refers to a finely divided solid substance. In the pharmaceutical context, powders can be used to formulate tablets and other dosage forms. The properties of powder, including flowability, compressibility, and particle size, significantly affect the quality of formulations designed for buccal drug delivery.
5) Swelling:
Swelling describes the absorption of liquid by a polymer, causing it to expand. In mucoadhesive formulations, swelling is essential as it enhances contact with the mucosal surface, facilitating bioadhesion and prolonging drug release, thereby improving the effectiveness of buccal drug delivery systems.
6) Disease:
Disease indicates a pathological condition affecting an organism, which may necessitate drug treatment. The buccal drug delivery system primarily targets various diseases, including those affecting the oral cavity, which can benefit from localized treatment while minimizing systemic side effects through direct absorption.
7) Blood:
Blood is a vital fluid that circulates nutrients and oxygen throughout the body. In buccal drug delivery, the rich blood supply of the buccal mucosa enables rapid absorption of drugs directly into systemic circulation, bypassing the liver and enhancing drug bioavailability.
8) Glass:
Glass refers to a transparent or translucent material often used in laboratory equipment. In the context of buccal drug delivery experiments, glass containers may be utilized for mixing formulations or as vessels for in vitro studies to assess drug release and mucoadhesive properties.
9) Gujarat:
Gujarat is a state in India known for its contributions to education and healthcare. The affiliation of researchers like Avani Ramani to institutions in Gujarat underscores the region's commitment to advancing pharmaceutical sciences and developing innovative drug delivery systems, particularly buccal delivery methods.
10) Study (Studying):
Study refers to the investigation or analysis of a particular subject. The study discussed focuses on buccal drug delivery systems, examining their advantages and limitations, while reviewing various mucoadhesive polymers and their applications in improving drug absorption and therapeutic efficacy.
11) Hand:
Hand symbolizes manual dexterity or control. In drug formulation processes, precise handling and measurements are crucial for achieving desired qualities in mucoadhesive tablets. Empirical manipulation of formulations plays a significant role in determining their effective delivery and stability in buccal drug applications.
12) Dish (Dis):
Dish indicates a shallow, typically round container used for holding substances. In the context of pharmacological experiments, a dish, such as a petri dish, might be employed for swelling studies or to assess the formulation's physical properties, impacting overall performance in mucoadhesion.
13) Unconscious:
Unconscious refers to a state lacking awareness and responsiveness. The buccal drug delivery system is particularly beneficial for unconscious patients, as it allows for drug administration without the need for swallowing, making it a viable route for emergency treatments and medication delivery.
14) Measurement:
Measurement involves quantifying specific attributes of pharmaceutical formulations. Accurate measurements of mucoadhesive strength, drug content, and dissolution rates are essential for evaluating the effectiveness of buccal drug delivery systems, ensuring proper therapeutic outcomes and reliable performance in clinical applications.
15) Education:
Education refers to the systematic development of knowledge and skills. In pharmaceutical research, education plays a pivotal role in training scientists, such as those involved in developing buccal drug delivery systems, fostering innovation and advancing practices that improve drug administration.
16) Activity:
Activity indicates the physiological effect of a drug upon administration. The activity of mucoadhesive polymers and penetration enhancers can significantly influence the effectiveness of buccal drug delivery systems, impacting drug absorption rates and therapeutic efficacy.
17) Relative:
Relative refers to the measurement compared to others. In buccal drug delivery, relativities between different drug absorption rates and formulations highlight the importance of polymer selection and the formulation's characteristics in optimizing therapeutic outcomes for specific conditions.
18) Nature:
Nature encompasses the inherent characteristics of substances. The nature of mucoadhesive polymers influences their interactions with the mucosal surface, affecting bioadhesion strength and drug release mechanisms. A thorough understanding of these properties is critical for effective buccal drug delivery.
19) Medium:
Medium refers to a substance or environment in which reactions or processes occur. In drug dissolution studies, the medium (e.g., phosphate buffer) used is crucial for simulating physiological conditions, allowing researchers to evaluate the solubility and release profile of active ingredients efficiently.
20) Avani:
Avani refers to Avani Ramani, a key author of the study. Her contributions to the research on buccal drug delivery systems highlight an individual dedication to advancing pharmaceutical sciences and improving methods for effective drug administration in patient care.
21) Campu:
Campus refers to the grounds and buildings of an educational institution, such as the Shri B. M. Shah College, where research on buccal drug delivery is conducted. Campus facilitates a productive environment for learning and innovation in pharmaceutical education.
22) India:
India is a country known for its diverse healthcare challenges and innovations in pharmaceutical sciences. The research conducted in Indian institutions emphasizes the potential for developing effective drug delivery systems like buccal formulations that address local health concerns.
23) Patel:
Patel is a common surname in India, here representing Dr. Kanu R. Patel, co-author of the study. His involvement demonstrates collaborative efforts in research, essential for advancing collective understanding and development of efficient drug delivery systems.
24) Shri (Sri, Sr):
Shri is a respectful honorific in India used before names to denote esteem. It emphasizes cultural respect and recognition for individuals such as Avani J. Ramani and others contributing significantly to the research in pharmaceutical education.
25) Sah:
Shah is a common surname in India, often associated with respect and nobility. Here, it signifies Shri B. M. Shah College, contributing to the advancement of pharmaceutical research and education, particularly in innovative topics like buccal drug delivery systems.
26) Food:
Food refers to any substance consumed to provide nutritional support. Understanding the interactions between food and drugs is essential in pharmacology, as gastrointestinal absorption can be affected by food intake, making buccal delivery systems advantageous for bypassing such issues.
27) Rich (Rch):
Rich denotes abundant supply or high concentration. In the context of buccal delivery, a rich blood supply in the buccal mucosa facilitates rapid absorption of drugs, enhancing their bioavailability and therapeutic efficacy while ensuring effective systemic distribution.
28) Pur:
Poor refers to an inadequate supply or low quality. In drug delivery, poor bioavailability of certain drugs via the gastrointestinal tract can be mitigated by utilizing buccal routes, ensuring a more effective delivery and enhanced therapeutic outcomes.
29) Transformation (Transform, Transforming):
Transformation refers to a process of change. In drug formulations, transformation can signify the change from a solid to liquid or from inactive to active forms. In buccal drug delivery, formulation transformations affect drug release and adherence to mucosal surfaces.
30) Antibiotic (Antibacterial):
Antibiotic refers to medications used to treat bacterial infections. The study emphasizes the potential for buccal delivery systems to administer antibiotics effectively, targeting localized infections while overcoming gastrointestinal degradation and enhancing patient compliance.
31) Calculation:
Calculation pertains to the numerical assessment of values or quantities. In pharmaceutical development, accurate calculations regarding drug dosage, release rates, and mucoadhesion strength are essential for optimizing formulations and ensuring their appropriateness for clinical use.
32) Performance:
Performance indicates how well a drug delivery system functions under specified conditions. Evaluating the performance of buccal drug delivery systems includes assessing mucoadhesion, drug release rates, and patient acceptability, all crucial for clinical effectiveness and patient compliance.
33) Accumulation (Accumulating, Accumulate):
Accumulate describes the gradual collection or gathering of substances. In drug delivery, understanding how drugs accumulate in specific tissues impacts their bioavailability and therapeutic effects, emphasizing the necessity of optimal formulation design for effective buccal delivery.
34) Detachment:
Detachment refers to the separation of adhered substances. Detachment studies in mucoadhesive systems assess the strength of adhesion and ensure the efficient release of the active drug from its delivery platform when needed for therapeutic efficacy.
35) Irritation:
Irritation pertains to discomfort or adverse reactions caused by a substance. The study highlights the importance of formulating buccal drug delivery systems that minimize irritation to the mucosal surface while maintaining effective drug absorption.
36) Substance:
Substance refers to any material with distinct physical properties. In the context of buccal drug delivery, understanding how different substances interact with mucosal membranes influences formulation design, affecting drug release and absorption profiles during therapy.
37) Swallowed:
Swallowed describes the action of taking substances into the digestive system. In buccal drug delivery, minimizing the risk of drugs being swallowed is crucial to ensure optimal absorption and therapeutic effects intended for the oral mucosa.
38) Quality:
Quality refers to the standard of excellence of a product. In pharmaceutical formulations, ensuring high quality of mucoadhesive tablets through effective evaluation methods guarantees their safety, efficacy, and overall therapeutic performance in clinical settings.
39) Pouring:
Pouring signifies the action of transferring a liquid substance from one container to another. In the preparation of buccal drug formulations, careful pouring of solutions ensures accurate measurements and integration of ingredients, impacting the final quality and effectiveness of the product.
40) Species:
Species refers to distinct biological classifications. In drug delivery, identifying and understanding the mechanisms by which various species respond to buccal administration informs formulation adjustments, optimizing treatment strategies for specific patient populations.
41) Account:
Account indicates a record or explanation of an event or action. In pharmaceutical contexts, maintaining accurate accounts of experimental methods and results is crucial for reproducibility, allowing for robust conclusions regarding the efficacy of buccal drug delivery systems.
42) Mineral:
Mineral refers to inorganic substances essential for various physiological functions. In drug formulations, minerals can enhance solubility, stability, and absorption characteristics, playing a vital role in the development of buccal drug delivery systems aimed at addressing deficiencies and improving health.
43) Filling (Filled):
Filled refers to the process of making something full or occupied. In pharmaceutical contexts, properly filled dosage forms like buccal tablets are crucial to achieve consistent drug delivery, ensuring that each unit contains the correct amount of active ingredients for patient treatment.
44) Gelatin:
Gelatin is a biopolymer derived from collagen, widely used as a gelling agent in food and pharmaceuticals. In buccal drug formulations, gelatin enhances the mucoadhesive properties and may be integrated to improve the bioavailability of certain drugs through encapsulation.
45) Repair:
Repair refers to the process of restoring functionality or structure. In the context of oral health, the role of mucoadhesive drug delivery systems is crucial for the targeted treatment of oral diseases, facilitating repair mechanisms through localized drug delivery.
46) Bitter:
Bitter describes a taste often associated with unpleasant sensations. In buccal drug delivery, formulations should avoid the use of bitter-tasting compounds, ensuring patient compliance and comfort, thereby promoting effective drug administration through the oral route.
47) Reason:
Reason indicates a cause or justification for an action. Understanding the reasons behind utilizing buccal drug delivery systems is essential for recognizing their advantages over traditional methods, particularly in overcoming challenges like first-pass metabolism and gastrointestinal degradation.
48) Ulcer:
Ulcer typically refers to an open sore on the skin or mucous membrane. The study encompasses the application of buccal drug delivery systems in treating ulcers effectively, highlighting their capacity to deliver healing agents precisely to the damaged areas.
49) Table:
Table represents a systematic arrangement of information. In pharmaceutical research, tables may be used to summarize findings on the efficacy of different formulations, aiding in comparative analysis and the synthesis of results in studying buccal drug delivery.
50) House:
House symbolizes a dwelling or a space for various activities. In research, a 'house' can refer to the institutional environment fostering collaboration and innovation, particularly for studies focused on improving drug delivery systems for better healthcare outcomes.
51) Kanu:
Kanu refers to Dr. Kanu R. Patel, who co-authored the study. His collaborations in pharmaceutical research demonstrate the collective expertise contributing to advancements in buccal drug delivery methodologies, enhancing understanding of drug absorption and therapeutics.
52) Heap:
Heap refers to a collection of objects piled on each other. In drug formulation processes, understanding how powders behave when heaped can influence flow properties and subsequently impact efficient tablet compression and manufacture, relevant for buccal drug delivery systems.
53) Wall:
Wall denotes a barrier or boundary. In the context of the human body, cellular walls play a significant role in drug absorption. Understanding how buccal drug formulations interact with the cellular walls of the buccal mucosa is crucial for optimizing drug delivery.
54) Line:
Line indicates a distinct mark or boundary. In drug formulation studies, establishing and maintaining clear lines of demarcation in experimental design ensures specific assessments of various parameters, including bioadhesion, release profiles, and overall therapeutic effectiveness.
55) Salt (Salty):
Salt refers to ionic compounds, often used in drug formulations to enhance stability and solubility. The text discusses the role of salts in buccal formulations, emphasizing their contributions to optimal drug absorption and delivery efficacy.
56) Life:
Life refers to the existence and vitality of organisms. In the context of drug delivery, enhancing the quality of life for patients through effective therapeutic solutions via buccal routes is a primary goal, indicating the importance of research in pharmaceutical innovations.
Other Science Concepts:
Discover the significance of concepts within the article: ‘Buccal drug delivery system’. Further sources in the context of Science might help you critically compare this page with similair documents:
Chronic illness, Medicinal formulation, Acute disease, Therapeutic agent, Drug Absorption, Drug delivery system, Saliva function, Passive diffusion, Molecular weight, Oral mucosa, Oral route, Compressibility index, First Pass Metabolism, Physiological factor, Saliva composition, Tablet hardness, Mechanical strength, Swelling Index, Mucoadhesive polymer, Angle of repose, Swelling characteristics, Phosphate buffer, Buccal drug delivery, Surface pH, Hausner ratio, Mucoadhesion, Penetration enhancer, In-Vitro Drug Release Study, Buccal Mucosa, Friability testing, Chitosan, USP type II dissolution apparatus, Bioadhesive formulations, Bioadhesive properties, Diffusion theory, Adsorption theory, PH buffer, Bioadhesive polymer, Mucin turnover, Sodium EDTA, Adhesive bond, Systemic side effects, Thickness of tablet, Mucoadhesion strength, Evaluation parameter, Surface Roughness, Wetting theory, Disease state, Hydrogel formulation, Electronic theory, Consolidation stage, Buccal Tablet, Fracture Theory, Dosing requirements, Salivary enzymes, Spectrophotometrically analyzed, Initial Contact Time, Gastrointestinal environment, Arterial blood supply, Salivary coating, Contact stage, Total surface area, Fracture energy, Fracture site, Spatial conformation, Applied strength, Equivalent weight, Whatman filter, Modified physical balance, Sheep buccal mucosa.