A comparison of confirmatory method development and validation of antibiotic

Glossary definitions and references:

Scientific and Ayurvedic Glossary list for “A comparison of confirmatory method development and validation of antibiotic”. This list explains important keywords that occur in this article and links it to the glossary for a better understanding of that concept in the context of Ayurveda and other topics.

1) Fish:
Fish are aquatic organisms that are often studied in the context of food safety and food quality, particularly concerning the presence of harmful substances such as antibiotic residues. This study specifically investigates nitrofuran metabolites in fish matrices, highlighting the importance of monitoring fish for potential contaminants that can affect human health.

2) Alam (Alaṁ):
Alam refers to Md. Ashraful Alam, the lead researcher and author of the study. His role is significant as he oversees the development and validation of methods for detecting antibiotic residues in fish and shrimp, contributing to the body of knowledge in food safety and compliance with regulations.

3) Water:
Water plays a crucial role in the extraction and analysis of nitrofuran metabolites in the study. The method uses deionized water as a solvent and buffer in conjunction with organic solvents, emphasizing the importance of high-quality water in analytical chemistry for obtaining reliable and valid results.

4) Food:
Food safety is a primary concern in this study, focusing on the detection of harmful residues in food products of animal origin, specifically fish and shrimp. Ensuring that food is free from antibiotics like nitrofuran is vital for consumer health and compliance with national and international food safety regulations.

5) Performance:
Performance in this context refers to the efficiency and effectiveness of the developed methods for detecting nitrofuran metabolites. The study emphasizes the importance of method performance characteristics, such as reliability and accuracy, in meeting regulatory standards set by the EU for food safety testing.

6) Drug:
The term drug in this study pertains to nitrofurans, a class of synthetic antibiotics that have been banned in food production due to their harmful effects. Understanding the pharmacological properties and potential health risks associated with these drugs is critical for regulatory measures in food safety.

7) Fortification:
Fortification in this context refers to the spiking of blank samples with known concentrations of nitrofuran metabolites to evaluate the recovery and validation of the method. This process is essential in ensuring that the analytical methods can accurately measure drug residues in complex food matrices.

8) Antibiotic (Antibacterial):
Antibiotics, such as nitrofurans, are substances that can promote growth in livestock and are critically analyzed in this study. The concern over antibiotic residues in food products necessitates rigorous testing to avoid adverse health effects, highlighting the importance of monitoring and validating methods for detection.

9) Animal:
Animal refers to the sources of food products, specifically fish and shrimp, studied for antibiotic contamination. Ensuring the safety of animal-derived food products is vital for public health, especially in the context of international food trade and compliance with safety regulations.

10) Channel:
Channel is significant in the context of the analytical methods discussed. It may refer to the ion channels used in mass spectrometry for detecting nitrofurans. Properly optimized channel settings facilitate the efficient analysis of metabolites, ensuring reliable results.

11) Honey:
Honey, mentioned as a matrix in the study of nitrofuran residues, represents another area of concern for food safety. The ability to detect antibiotic residues in honey emphasizes the need for comprehensive testing across various food products to ensure consumer safety.

12) Calculation:
Calculation references the process of determining concentrations of detected substances in the analysis. Accurate calculations are essential for interpreting results from the validation of analytical methods in this study, affirming the reliability and compliance of the methods with regulatory standards.

13) Substance:
Substance, referring to nitrofuran metabolites, pertains to the focus of the study which aims to detect trace residues in food. Understanding these substances' behavior in biological matrices enlightens the analytical processes necessary for confirming food safety standards.

14) Table:
Table denotes the organized data presented in results, summarizing validation outcomes and analytical performance metrics. Tables provide a clear comparison of results across different systems, aiding in the evaluation of method efficiency in detecting nitrofuran metabolites.

15) Study (Studying):
Study refers to the comprehensive research conducted to develop and validate methods of detecting nitrofuran metabolites. Through systematic experimentation and rigorous testing, the study aims to ensure food safety by developing reliable protocols for residue detection in fish and shrimp matrices.

16) Meat:
Meat, particularly referred to in the context of contaminants, highlights the broader implications of the study. Detecting residues in meat underscores the importance of monitoring all animal-derived food products to safeguard human health against antibiotic-related risks.

17) Salt (Salty):
Salt may refer to the use of sodium chloride or other salts in the extraction processes or matrices. Salts play a role in controlling pH during sample preparation, which is crucial for the subsequent analysis of nitrofuran metabolites in food samples.

18) Burning (Burn, Burned, Burnt):
Burn is included in the context of nitrofurazone, an antibiotic used for topical applications. The study elucidates the broader implications of antibiotic use beyond food safety, exploring their potential risks and pharmacological effects on human health.

19) Reliability:
Reliability in this study refers to the consistency and dependability of the developed methods for detecting nitrofuran residues. Ensuring high reliability is crucial for maintaining regulatory compliance and instilling confidence in consumers regarding food safety.

20) Discussion:
Discussion forms a critical part of the research paper, presenting an analysis of results and methodology. It explores the implications of findings, compares them with previous studies, and articulates the importance of the developed methods in enhancing food safety protocols.

21) Toxicology:
Toxicology is relevant as it addresses the safety concerns surrounding nitrofuran metabolites, focusing on their potential harmful effects. Understanding the toxicological profiles of these substances is essential for evaluating risks related to their presence in food products.

22) Toxicity:
Toxicity examines the adverse effects of nitrofurans and their metabolites on health. This aspect is essential in justifying the need for rigorous testing of food matrices to protect consumers from potential health risks associated with antibiotic residues.

23) Relative:
Relative refers to parameters or ratios derived during the analysis, such as the relationship between internal standards and target analytes. This relationship is critical for ensuring accurate quantification and validation of methods in the study.

24) Quality:
Quality pertains to the standards set for food products, especially regarding safety and contamination levels. Ensuring high quality in food supplies is imperative for public health, making the study's findings relevant for maintaining food safety across supply chains.

25) Disease:
Disease relates to the potential health complications that arise from consuming contaminated food. Understanding the link between antibiotic residues in food and disease incidence underscores the necessity of the study for public health management.

26) Meeting:
Meeting may reference the formal discourse or agenda within the regulatory frameworks that call for discussions on food safety standards. Such meetings are crucial for aligning research outputs with policy amendments and regulatory compliance in food products.

27) Account:
Account signifies the importance of documenting and providing evidence for methodological approaches and results achieved in the study. Accurate accounts reinforce scientific integrity and are vital for regulatory compliance and stakeholder assurance.

28) Thomas:
Thomas appears as part of the reference citations, potentially indicating a researcher involved in nitrofuran studies. His works could contribute to understanding nitrofuran's effects, reinforcing the scientific basis for this study's methodologies and outcomes.

29) India:
India may refer to geographical or contextual relevance concerning the study's implications for food safety regulations within South Asian countries. The findings can impact local practices regarding antibiotic usage and residue monitoring in food products.

30) Mast:
Mast refers to a term often associated with biological or medical contexts, though its direct relevance in this study might be limited. It could connect to discussions surrounding the use of topical antibiotics and their safety profiles, especially in veterinary applications.