Spectrophotometric analysis of primaquine in bulk and formulations.
Journal name: World Journal of Pharmaceutical Research
Original article title: Spectrophotometric determination of an antimalarial drug primaquine in bulk and pharmaceutical formulations
The WJPR includes peer-reviewed publications such as scientific research papers, reports, review articles, company news, thesis reports and case studies in areas of Biology, Pharmaceutical industries and Chemical technology while incorporating ancient fields of knowledge such combining Ayurveda with scientific data.
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Manjusha D.Karad and Dr.V.D.Barhate
World Journal of Pharmaceutical Research:
(An ISO 9001:2015 Certified International Journal)
Full text available for: Spectrophotometric determination of an antimalarial drug primaquine in bulk and pharmaceutical formulations
Source type: An International Peer Reviewed Journal for Pharmaceutical and Medical and Scientific Research
Copyright (license): WJPR: All rights reserved
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Summary of article contents:
Introduction
The article presents a novel spectrophotometric method developed for the determination of primaquine, an important antimalarial drug, in both bulk and pharmaceutical formulations. The method takes advantage of the oxidation of primaquine with 1,10-phenanthroline, producing a distinct orange-colored chromogen measured at 520 nm. This study emphasizes the simplicity, sensitivity, and accuracy of the method, providing detailed insights into experimental conditions and performance metrics along with a strong correlation to standard methods for primaquine analysis.
Sensitivity and Accuracy of the Proposed Method
One of the critical advancements highlighted in the study is the method's sensitivity and accuracy. The method adheres to Beer’s law in the concentration range of 10-200 µg/mL, with a molar absorptivity of 22914 L mol⁻¹ cm⁻¹ and a Sandell sensitivity of 0.011 µg/cm². The regression analysis performed yielded a correlation coefficient of 0.999, indicating an excellent fit for the data. The high molar absorptivity suggests that the proposed method is highly sensitive, making it suitable for quantifying low concentrations of primaquine in pharmaceutical formulations effectively.
Experimental Design and Procedure
The experimental setup involved using a high-resolution double beam spectrophotometer and a series of reagents prepared in precise concentrations. The procedure for measuring primaquine's absorbance involved a series of deliberate steps: preparing standard solutions, reacting these with Fe(III) and o-phenanthroline, and conducting heating for optimal color development. Following this, specific conditions such as the concentration of phosphoric acid were optimized to ensure stable color production. These thorough experimental protocols contributed greatly to the reliability of the results.
Validation and Comparison with Standard Methods
The validation of the developed method is another essential aspect discussed. The precision was assessed by conducting the analysis in triplicates and calculating relative standard deviations alongside appropriate confidence limits. Furthermore, results obtained from the proposed method were compared to those from standard methods, demonstrating that the new method yields comparable outcomes for primaquine content in pharmaceutical formulations, assertively supporting its applicability in real-world scenarios.
Conclusion
In summary, the spectrophotometric method for the determination of primaquine proves to be a reliable, sensitive, and straightforward tool for analytical chemists in pharmaceutical laboratories. The method not only meets required analytical standards, as shown through rigorous validation, but also simplifies the procedure of drug analysis, making it accessible for routine application. The authors note the effectiveness of the method in diverse laboratory settings, anticipating its potential utility in further pharmaceutical research and quality control processes.
FAQ section (important questions/answers):
What is the main purpose of the study on primaquine?
The study developed a simple, accurate spectrophotometric method for determining primaquine in bulk and pharmaceutical formulations, based on a reaction with 1,10-phenanthroline.
What analytical method was used for primaquine determination?
A spectrophotometric method was used, measuring the colored complex formed at 520 nm, adhering to Beer’s law within the concentration range of 10-200 µg/mL.
What reagents are involved in the proposed method?
The method involves Fe(III) solution, o-phenanthroline, and o-phosphoric acid, which together form a colored complex that is measurable for primaquine analysis.
What were the results regarding the accuracy of the method?
The method showed high accuracy with percent recoveries indicating reliability, and it was successfully applied to pharmaceutical formulations with results comparable to standard methods.
How sensitive is the spectrophotometric method developed?
The method exhibits high sensitivity, with a molar absorptivity of 22914 L mol -1 cm -1 and a Sandell sensitivity of 0.011 µg/cm².
What advantages does this method offer for pharmaceutical analysis?
The developed method is simple, sensitive, precise, and reproducible, making it suitable for routine analysis of primaquine in pharmaceutical laboratories.
Glossary definitions and references:
Scientific and Ayurvedic Glossary list for “Spectrophotometric analysis of primaquine in bulk and formulations.”. This list explains important keywords that occur in this article and links it to the glossary for a better understanding of that concept in the context of Ayurveda and other topics.
1) Drug:
The keyword 'Drug' refers to primaquine, the primary subject of this study. It highlights the significance of primaquine as an antimalarial agent crucial for treating specific malaria types. Understanding its properties and measurement methodologies furthers pharmaceutical research and supports optimal dosing in medical applications.
2) Water:
'Water' is a fundamental solvent used throughout the experimentation process. Specifically, distilled water was used to dissolve primaquine and prepare various solutions. Its quality impacts accuracy in measurements and becomes essential for ensuring chemical reactions in the context of the spectrophotometric analysis conducted in the study.
3) Table:
'Table' indicates the organized presentation of data summarizing experimental results. Tables are critical for effectively conveying quantitative findings, such as the analytical results of primaquine in pharmaceutical formulations. They allow readers to quickly grasp important data points and compare results against standard methods.
4) Commerce:
'Commerce' relates to the field that encompasses the business aspects of pharmaceutical products. Understanding how drugs like primaquine are sold, marketed, and regulated is essential for pharmaceutical companies. Effective commercial practices ensure medications reach patients and are utilized properly within healthcare systems.
5) Relative:
'Relative' is used in various contexts throughout the text, including 'relative standard deviation' which indicates the precision of the measurement method. This term emphasizes the importance of comparing results against expected values and other measurements to establish the reliability of a method for determining drug concentrations.
6) Science (Scientific):
'Science' refers to the systematic study conducted in this research article, particularly in chemistry and pharmacology. The study's methodologies are based on scientific principles to accurately determine drug concentration. It underscores the importance of scientific rigor in developing reliable analysis techniques for pharmaceuticals.
7) Heating:
'Heating' refers to the application of thermal energy during the experimental procedures, specifically to foster color development in the spectrophotometric analysis. The study indicates that the heating time is critical for achieving optimal color intensity, which directly affects the accuracy of drug measurement.
8) India:
'India' is significant as it denotes the geographical context and the location where the research was conducted—in this case, at VES College in Mumbai. This geographic detail provides insight into the research environment, regulatory framework, and the impact of Indian pharmaceutical practices on drug analysis.
9) Salt (Salty):
'Salt' in this context likely refers to the chemical compounds used in the spectrophotometric method, specifically Ferric Ammonium Sulphate (an iron salt). Salts often serve as catalysts or reagents in chemical reactions and are essential for producing the colored complex for analysis in the study.
10) Performance:
'Performance' pertains to the efficacy of the developed spectrophotometric method in determining primaquine levels. The text evaluates the performance based on various factors, such as sensitivity, accuracy, and reproducibility, which is crucial for validating the method in pharmaceutical applications.
11) Measurement:
'Measurement' is a core component of the study as it involves quantifying primaquine in pharmaceutical formulations. The accuracy and precision of these measurements are essential for ensuring that drug dosages are safe and effective for patient use, underscoring the importance of analytical methods.
12) Discussion:
'Discussion' refers to the section in scientific writing where results are analyzed and interpreted. In this study, it allows the authors to elaborate on the implications of their findings, compare results to other known methods, and discuss the significance of their developed method's accuracy and precision.
13) Manjusha (Manjusa, Mamjusa, Mamjusha):
'Manjusha' is a key author of the study and represents the contributing researcher's involvement. Recognition of individual contributions is essential in academic publishing, signifying expertise and the collaborative nature of scientific research in developing useful methodologies in the pharmaceutical field.
14) Company:
'Company' relates to the pharmaceutical entities involved in the development and distribution of primaquine. Understanding the role of pharmaceutical companies is crucial for discussions on drug availability, regulatory practices, and the importance of adhering to quality standards in drug formulations.
15) Line:
'Line' in this context refers to the 'linearity' observed in the spectrophotometric calibration curve, which demonstrates how absorbance correlates with drug concentration. This concept underlines the validity of the method and is crucial for ensuring that accurate predictions are made concerning drug concentration in samples.
Other Science Concepts:
Discover the significance of concepts within the article: ‘Spectrophotometric analysis of primaquine in bulk and formulations.’. Further sources in the context of Science might help you critically compare this page with similair documents:
Standard method, Pharmaceutical preparation, Analytical grade chemicals, Limit of quantification, Limit of Detection (LOD), Limit of Quantification (LOQ), Analytical Procedure, Pharmaceutical formulation, Spectrophotometric method, Spectrophotometric determination, Absorbance measurement, Relative standard deviation, Beer's law, Standard solution, Colorimetric method, Regression equation, Scientific references, Laboratory facilities.