Phytochemical and antibacterial analysis of Soymida febrifuga leaves.

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Journal name: World Journal of Pharmaceutical Research
Original article title: Phytochemical analysis and antibacterial activity of leaves of soymida febrifuga (roxb.) a.juss
The WJPR includes peer-reviewed publications such as scientific research papers, reports, review articles, company news, thesis reports and case studies in areas of Biology, Pharmaceutical industries and Chemical technology while incorporating ancient fields of knowledge such combining Ayurveda with scientific data.
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Author:

Sandhya Bhoyar and Sharad Biradar


World Journal of Pharmaceutical Research:

(An ISO 9001:2015 Certified International Journal)

Full text available for: Phytochemical analysis and antibacterial activity of leaves of soymida febrifuga (roxb.) a.juss

Source type: An International Peer Reviewed Journal for Pharmaceutical and Medical and Scientific Research

Copyright (license): WJPR: All rights reserved


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Summary of article contents:

1. Introduction

The study focuses on Soymida febrifuga (Roxb.) A. Juss, a medicinal tree belonging to the Meliaceae family, which has traditionally been utilized in various therapeutic applications. The research aims to evaluate both the antibacterial efficacy and phytochemical composition of the leaves of Soymida febrifuga. Recognizing the historical significance of medicinal plants and their role in health care, this study emphasizes the importance of phytochemicals, which are secondary metabolites that exhibit bioactive properties and contribute to the therapeutic potential of herbal remedies.

2. Phytochemical Composition of Soymida febrifuga***
The preliminary phytochemical screening of Soymida febrifuga leaves revealed the presence of several bioactive compounds, including alkaloids, flavonoids, saponins, tannins, terpenoids, carbohydrates, and amino acids. Each solvent used for extraction demonstrated varying results; for instance, alkaloids were predominantly found in petroleum ether extract, while flavonoids were absent in ethanol and acetone extracts. Such findings suggest that the diverse phytochemical profile can enhance the plant's medicinal properties, potentially leading to the identification of specific components responsible for its antibacterial activity.

3. Antibacterial Efficacy

The research employed the disc diffusion method to assess the antibacterial activity of Soymida febrifuga leaves against various pathogenic bacteria, including Klebsiella pneumoniae, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Escherichia coli, and others. The acetone and methanol extracts exhibited significant inhibition of bacterial growth, with the acetone extract demonstrating the highest efficacy against Klebsiella pneumoniae (38 mm) and Pseudomonas aeruginosa (37 mm) at a concentration of 10 mg/disc. These results indicate that Soymida febrifuga holds promise as a natural source of antibacterial agents, particularly in light of increasing concerns over antibiotic resistance.

4. Implications for Medicinal Use

The therapeutic potential of Soymida febrifuga extends beyond its antibacterial properties to its role as a part of traditional medicine's broader applications. In Ayurvedic and Unani systems, the plant is recognized for treating ailments such as fever, asthma, ulcers, and infections. The integration of plant-based medicines into modern pharmacology is gaining traction, given the availability of natural alternatives with fewer side effects compared to synthetic compounds. The study reinforces the significance of exploring and characterizing medicinal plants, advocating for their role as complementary therapeutic agents in health care.

5. Conclusion

In conclusion, the findings of the study emphasize the notable antibacterial activity and rich phytochemical content of Soymida febrifuga leaves, particularly highlighting the effectiveness of acetone and methanol extracts. Given the potential for discovering new therapeutic agents derived from plants, further research should focus on identifying specific bioactive compounds and establishing quality standards essential for developing effective medicines. The insights gained from this research contribute to the understanding of how traditional herbal remedies can be harnessed within contemporary medicine for improved health outcomes.

FAQ section (important questions/answers):

What is the purpose of the study on Soymida febrifuga?

The study aims to evaluate the antibacterial efficacy and phytochemical screening of leaves from Soymida febrifuga, traditionally used for treating various diseases, specifically against certain pathogenic bacteria.

Which pathogenic bacteria were tested in the study?

The study tested various bacteria, including Klebsiella pneumoniae, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli, Salmonella typhii, and Shigella flexinari.

What methods were used for antibacterial testing?

The antibacterial efficacy was assessed using the disc diffusion method, measuring zones of inhibition around discs soaked in plant extracts.

What phytochemicals were identified in Soymida febrifuga leaves?

The preliminary screening revealed the presence of alkaloids, flavonoids, saponins, tannins, carbohydrates, terpenoids, and amino acids in the extracts.

Which solvent extracts showed the highest antibacterial activity?

Acetone and methanol extracts displayed significant antibacterial activity, especially against Klebsiella pneumoniae and Pseudomonas aeruginosa.

Why are plant-based medicines considered safer than synthetic alternatives?

Plant-based medicines typically have fewer side effects and non-target adverse effects compared to synthetic drugs, making them a preferable option for many.

Glossary definitions and references:

Scientific and Ayurvedic Glossary list for “Phytochemical and antibacterial analysis of Soymida febrifuga leaves.”. This list explains important keywords that occur in this article and links it to the glossary for a better understanding of that concept in the context of Ayurveda and other topics.

1) Antibiotic (Antibacterial):
Antibiotics are drugs that kill or inhibit the growth of bacteria. The study compared the antibacterial activity of Soymida febrifuga extracts with the standard antibiotic amoxicillin, indicating its possible place within antibiotic research to address resistant bacterial strains.

2) Activity:
Activity in this context refers to the effectiveness or potency of a substance in eliciting a biological response. The study measured the antibacterial activity of various extracts from Soymida febrifuga to determine their potential as effective treatments for various bacterial pathogens.

3) Phytochemical:
Phytochemicals are biologically active compounds found in plants that may offer health benefits. The study highlighted the presence of several phytochemicals in Soymida febrifuga, which are believed to contribute to its antibacterial properties, suggesting that these compounds could be valuable for developing new herbal medications.

4) Sandhya (Shandhya, Samdhya):
Sandhya is the name of the primary author of the study on Soymida febrifuga. Her work, alongside colleagues, is critical in exploring the medicinal properties of this plant, contributing to the field of ethnobotany and natural product research within the context of Indian traditional medicine.

5) Flavonoid:
Flavonoids are a class of phytochemicals known for their antioxidant and antibacterial properties. The study's phytochemical screening assessed the presence of flavonoids in Soymida febrifuga extracts, indicating their importance in potentially enhancing the plant's therapeutic effects against microbial infections.

6) Aureus:
Aureus refers to Staphylococcus aureus, a common pathogenic bacterium tested in this study. The antibacterial activity of Soymida febrifuga extracts was evaluated against this bacterium, highlighting the importance of finding effective natural treatments for infections caused by this prevalent pathogen.

7) Water:
Water, as a solvent, was used in the study to prepare extracts of Soymida febrifuga leaves for antibacterial testing. The aqueous extract demonstrated significant antibacterial activity, suggesting that water-soluble compounds may play an essential role in the plant's medicinal properties.

8) Study (Studying):
Study refers to the systematic investigation conducted to evaluate the antibacterial and phytochemical properties of Soymida febrifuga leaves. The findings of the study contribute to the understanding of traditional medicinal plants and their potential role in modern pharmacotherapy.

9) Medicine:
Medicine encompasses the knowledge and practice of diagnosing, treating, and preventing diseases. The study's focus on the antibacterial properties of Soymida febrifuga underscores its relevance in traditional and contemporary medicine, emphasizing the significance of plant-based treatments in healthcare.

10) Table:
Table refers to the structured presentation of data in the study that details the findings of antibacterial assays and phytochemical screening of Soymida febrifuga extracts. This information aids in understanding the comparative efficacy of different extracts against various test pathogens.

11) Drug:
Drug typically refers to a substance used for medical treatment. The study on Soymida febrifuga aimed to explore its potential as a source of new drugs for treating bacterial infections, highlighting the relevance of traditional medicinal plants in pharmaceutical research.

12) Disease:
Disease signifies a pathological condition or disorder. This study investigates the antibacterial properties of Soymida febrifuga in relation to various diseases caused by pathogenic bacteria, thus contributing to the search for effective natural remedies in modern medicine.

13) Rich (Rch):
Rich denotes an abundance or wealth of something. The study describes Soymida febrifuga as rich in phytochemicals, which are suggested to have various health benefits. This richness underlines the plant's potential for use in developing effective therapeutic agents.

14) Bitter:
Bitter describes a taste sensation and is often associated with certain medicinal plants. The bitterness of Soymida febrifuga may relate to the presence of bioactive compounds, which are believed to contribute to its traditional uses in various medicinal applications.

15) Botany:
Botany is the scientific study of plants, encompassing their structure, function, growth, and classification. This study contributes to the field of botany by examining the medicinal potential of Soymida febrifuga, enriching knowledge on plant-based therapies.

16) India:
India is known for its rich biodiversity and traditional medicine systems like Ayurveda. The study is significant within the Indian context, exploring the local use of Soymida febrifuga in herbal remedies, underlining the value of indigenous knowledge in modern health practice.

17) Fever:
Fever is a common symptom of infection and often treated with various medications. The study recognizes the traditional use of Soymida febrifuga for managing fever, suggesting that its antibacterial properties may contribute to its effectiveness in treating related conditions.

18) Blood:
Blood is crucial for various bodily functions and is often examined in the context of many diseases. The study highlights the traditional use of Soymida febrifuga for treating blood-related ailments, indicating its historical importance in maintaining health.

19) Pain:
Pain refers to an unpleasant sensory experience, often linked to injury or disease. The use of Soymida febrifuga in traditional contexts for pain relief underscores its relevance as a potential natural remedy for managing various painful conditions.

20) Post:
Post is often used to describe belonging to a certain period in time or to conduct formal communication. In this context, it may refer to the Post Graduate Studies department involved in research to validate traditional medicinal knowledge through modern scientific methods.

21) Observation:
Observation entails collecting data or noting effects during the study. Observations regarding the antibacterial activity of the extracts were crucial in drawing conclusions about the potential therapeutic benefits of Soymida febrifuga in treating bacterial infections.

22) Discussion:
Discussion refers to the section of the study where results are interpreted and implications are deduced. This section connects the study’s findings to existing knowledge, emphasizing the significance of the antibacterial effects of Soymida febrifuga and its phytochemical properties.

23) Ayurveda (Ayus-veda):
Ayurveda is a traditional system of medicine originating in India, emphasizing natural healing. The study references Ayurveda to outline the historical usage of Soymida febrifuga for treating various ailments, thereby linking traditional practices with contemporary scientific inquiry.

24) Tridosha (Tridosa, Tri-dosha):
Tridosha is a fundamental concept in Ayurveda, referring to the three bodily humors: Vata, Pitta, and Kapha. The study acknowledges these principles, illustrating how Soymida febrifuga may help restore balance among them, contributing to overall health.

25) Swelling:
Swelling indicates inflammation or abnormal enlargement of tissues, often a sign of infection. The reference to swelling in the context of traditional uses for Soymida febrifuga suggests its potential relevance in managing inflammatory conditions, particularly those caused by infections.

26) Bleeding:
Bleeding indicates the escape of blood from the circulatory system, which can be life-threatening. The traditional medicinal uses of Soymida febrifuga for treating bleeding conditions highlight its importance as a potential herbal remedy in wound care and management.

27) Quality:
Quality refers to the standard or grade of something. The study emphasizes the need for ensuring the quality of Soymida febrifuga extracts through rigorous testing, which is essential in validating their efficacy and safety for potential medicinal use.

28) Leprosy:
Leprosy is a chronic infectious disease caused by Mycobacterium leprae. The mention of Soymida febrifuga's historical use in treating such diseases underscores its significance in traditional medicine and the potential for modern applications of its antibacterial properties.

29) Species:
Species refers to a group of organisms capable of interbreeding. The study examines the species Soymida febrifuga, contributing to the understanding of its biological and medicinal properties within the broader context of plant research and conservation.

30) Surface:
Surface refers to the outermost layer of a substance or organism. In the context of the study, it may relate to how the extracts interact with bacteria on growth surfaces, which is vital for understanding their antibacterial effectiveness.

31) Sharad (Sarad):
Sharad is mentioned as a co-author of the study, contributing to the research on the medicinal properties of Soymida febrifuga. Authors work collaboratively to ensure the validity and clarity of the research findings in advancing scientific knowledge.

32) Family:
Family in this context refers to the taxonomic category that includes related plants. Soymida febrifuga belongs to the Meliaceae family, which may have implications for shared characteristics among family members, enhancing the understanding of their medicinal potential.

33) Insect:
Insects often face predation from various organisms. The study notes that the secondary metabolites in plants like Soymida febrifuga may provide defense mechanisms against insects, highlighting the ecological significance of phytochemical compounds in plant survival.

34) Powder:
Powder denotes a fine particulate form of a substance, typically used for extraction in plant studies. In this research, the leaves of Soymida febrifuga were powdered to facilitate the extraction of bioactive compounds that exhibit antibacterial characteristics.

35) Indian:
Indian pertains to the cultural, geographical, or botanical characteristics of India. The study on Soymida febrifuga emphasizes its significance in Indian traditional medicine, showcasing the country's rich natural resources and diverse ethnobotanical practices.

36) Glass:
Glass may refer to laboratory equipment used in experiments, such as glass spreaders for inoculating Petri dishes. In the study, sterile glass tools ensured accurate and uncontaminated handling of microbial samples and extracts for reliable experimental results.

37) Ulcer:
An ulcer indicates a sore or breakdown in tissue often induced by infection or inflammation. The study notes that Soymida febrifuga has historical applications for treating ulcers, emphasizing its potential value as a natural therapeutic agent in wound care.

38) Vata:
Vata is one of the three doshas in Ayurveda, representing the qualities of air and space. The mention of Vata in the context of Soymida febrifuga's medicinal properties underscores its relevance in traditional healing practices aimed at restoring bodily balance.

39) Pune:
Pune is a city in India, known for its educational and research institutions. The mention of Pune in this study highlights the role of local botanical surveys, such as the Botanical Survey of India, in identifying and authenticating medicinal plants like Soymida febrifuga.

40) Food:
Food encompasses all substances consumed for nourishment and health. The study might imply that the use of herbal extracts like Soymida febrifuga as food additives or natural preservatives showcases their role in both sustenance and promoting health.

41) Tree:
Tree refers to a perennial plant with an elongated stem. Soymida febrifuga is identified as a medicinal tree, highlighting the significance of arboreal species in traditional medicine and their role in biodiversity and ecological balance within their respective habitats.

42) Soil:
Soil is a crucial component of ecosystems, providing the foundation for plant growth. The health of the soil influences the phytochemical content of plants like Soymida febrifuga, demonstrating the interconnectedness of agriculture, environment, and medicinal plant efficacy.

Other Science Concepts:

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Discover the significance of concepts within the article: ‘Phytochemical and antibacterial analysis of Soymida febrifuga leaves.’. Further sources in the context of Science might help you critically compare this page with similair documents:

Soymida febrifuga, Medicinal plant, Flavonoid, Herbal medicine, Medicinal use, Bark, Antibacterial activity, Preliminary phytochemical screening, Phytochemical screening, Phytochemical analysis, Therapeutic potential, Disc diffusion method, Zone of inhibition, Minimum inhibitory concentration, Pathogenic bacteria, Traditional systems of medicine, Secondary metabolite, Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Coarse powder, Extraction and characterization, Minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC), Amino acid, Phytomedicine, Tannin, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Antibacterial efficacy, Bioactive compound, E. coli, Salmonella Typhi, Medicinal purpose, Saponin, Extraction solvent, Terpenoid, Amoxicillin, Active Phytocompounds, Health care products, Distilled water extract, Medical Use, Collection of plant material, Carbohydrate, Methanol leaves extract, Substances tested, Dosing extracts, Klebsiella pneumonae, Shigella flexinari, Pseudomonas aureginosa, Ethanol and Petroleum ether extract, Plant based antibacterial activity.

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