The effect of syk on breast cancer progression

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Journal name: World Journal of Pharmaceutical Research
Original article title: The effect of syk on breast cancer progression
The WJPR includes peer-reviewed publications such as scientific research papers, reports, review articles, company news, thesis reports and case studies in areas of Biology, Pharmaceutical industries and Chemical technology while incorporating ancient fields of knowledge such combining Ayurveda with scientific data.
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Original source:

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Author:

Jagdale Deepali, Shetty Vaybhav and Ramaa CS


World Journal of Pharmaceutical Research:

(An ISO 9001:2015 Certified International Journal)

Full text available for: The effect of syk on breast cancer progression

Source type: An International Peer Reviewed Journal for Pharmaceutical and Medical and Scientific Research


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Summary of article contents:

1) Introduction

Breast cancer is a significant health issue, being the leading cause of cancer mortality among women worldwide. Recent advancements in treatment have contributed to a decline in mortality rates, primarily due to the identification of specific target proteins and receptors that are altered in breast cancer. One such protein is Spleen tyrosine kinase (Syk), which has drawn attention due to its presence in various non-hematopoietic cells and its role as a potential tumor suppressor in breast cancer.

2) Syk as a Tumor Suppressor

Research has demonstrated that Syk exhibits a negative regulatory role in breast cancer progression. Studies led by Coopman and colleagues have shown that breast cancer cell lines with low invasive potential have high Syk expression, while aggressive, invasive cell lines show significantly decreased Syk levels. Transfecting Syk into previously negative cell lines resulted in smaller tumors and reduced metastasis in animal models. This data positions Syk as a promising target for developing diagnostic markers and treatments aimed at inhibiting breast cancer progression.

3) Mechanisms of Syk in Preventing Metastasis

Syk plays a crucial role in preventing metastasis through several mechanisms, including the inhibition of cell motility and the regulation of signaling pathways. Studies by Mahableshwar and Kundu indicated that Syk inhibits phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase activity and uPA secretion, two key contributors to cancer cell motility. By blocking these pathways, Syk impedes interactions that lead to metastatic behavior in breast cancer cells. Additionally, interactions between Syk and proteins such as cortactin enhance cell adhesion, further reducing metastatic potential.

4) Syk's Role in Apoptosis Resistance

Another essential function of Syk is its involvement in preventing apoptosis in breast cancer cells. Research shows that Syk enhances the stability of the anti-apoptotic protein Bcl-xL, thereby promoting cell survival under stress conditions. Furthermore, Syk's interaction with TNF receptor-associated interacting protein (TRIP) has been shown to modulate NF-kB activity, which may influence survival and resistance to cell death in cancerous cells. This dual role of inhibiting both metastasis and apoptosis highlights the complexity of Syk's functions in cancer progression.

5) Conclusion

In summary, Syk presents itself as a critical player in breast cancer biology, acting as a tumor suppressor through various mechanisms that inhibit metastasis and promote cell survival. The progressive loss of Syk expression correlates with increasing breast cancer invasiveness, making it a potential biomarker for cancer progression. Further research into Syk's multifaceted roles in both metastasis and apoptosis will be essential for developing targeted therapies, allowing for a more nuanced application of Syk regulation strategies in breast cancer treatment.

FAQ section (important questions/answers):

What is Syk and why is it significant in breast cancer?

Spleen tyrosine kinase (Syk) is a protein involved in various cellular functions. Its expression is decreased in highly invasive breast cancer cells, suggesting that Syk acts as a negative modulator, potentially preventing metastasis and tumor progression.

How does Syk affect cell motility in breast cancer?

Research shows that Syk inhibits cell motility by downregulating signaling pathways involved in cancer metastasis. It suppresses the activity of uPA and NF-kB, which are critical for cell invasion and migration.

What role does Syk play in apoptosis prevention?

Syk acts as a prosurvival factor by stabilizing Bcl-xL mRNA, thus preventing apoptosis in cancer cells. It engages in mechanisms that promote cell survival under induced stress conditions.

How does Syk interact with NF-kB in breast cancer?

Syk regulates NF-kB's activity through complex mechanisms, either upregulating or downregulating it based on cellular context. This suggests that Syk plays a nuanced role that varies in different cancer types.

What genetic changes affect Syk expression in breast cancer?

The downregulation of Syk in breast cancer is linked to methylation of its gene, inhibiting its expression. This loss of Syk correlates with increased invasiveness of the tumors.

What potential therapeutic implications does Syk have for breast cancer?

Targeting Syk's pathways could provide new therapeutic strategies. Understanding its role could lead to the development of treatments that selectively modulate Syk’s activity, enhancing specific breast cancer therapies.

Glossary definitions and references:

Scientific and Ayurvedic Glossary list for “The effect of syk on breast cancer progression”. This list explains important keywords that occur in this article and links it to the glossary for a better understanding of that concept in the context of Ayurveda and other topics.

1) Cancer:
Cancer refers to a group of diseases characterized by uncontrolled cell growth and proliferation. It can affect various tissues in the body, causing significant health issues and mortality. The text focuses on breast cancer specifically, highlighting its progression, metastasis, and modulation by proteins like Syk.

2) Line:
In biological research, a 'line' often refers to a specific type of cell line used in experiments. The text discusses breast cancer cell lines, particularly those that express Syk versus those that do not, to investigate the role of Syk in cancer progression and metastasis.

3) Study (Studying):
A 'study' is a systematic investigation aimed at discovering or interpreting facts. The text includes multiple studies that examine Syk's role in breast cancer, providing evidence of its protective effects against metastasis and exploring the genetic factors influencing Syk expression and activity.

4) Nature:
Nature in this context can refer to the inherent characteristics or qualities of a cell, tissue, or biological process. The text mentions the nature of various breast cancer cell lines and their expression levels of Syk, which play a critical role in understanding cancer behavior.

5) Activity:
Activity refers to the function or role of a biological molecule, often measured in terms of its effectiveness in biochemical reactions. The text describes the activity of Syk in inhibiting cell motility and modulating signaling pathways that impact breast cancer progression.

6) Reoxygenation:
Reoxygenation refers to the restoration of oxygen supply to tissues, a process often disrupted in tumors. This term is used in the context of H/R (hypoxia/reoxygenation) in breast cancer, examining how these conditions affect the interaction of signaling molecules like Syk and Lck.

7) Kappa:
Kappa typically denotes a protein family, in this context referring to the nuclear factor kappa-light-chain-enhancer of activated B cells (NF-kB). The text highlights Syk's role in modulating NF-kB activity, which is crucial in cancer development and cellular responses.

8) Maharashtra (Maharastra, Maha-rashtra):
Maharashtra is a state in western India where the study originates. The text notes that the research was conducted at Bharati Vidyapeeth College of Pharmacy in CBD Belapur, Navi Mumbai, Maharashtra, reflecting the regional context of the scientific investigation.

9) Bharati:
Bharati refers to Bharati Vidyapeeth, the institution where the authors of the study are based. This college focuses on pharmaceutical education and research, contributing to advancements in cancer research and the effects of proteins like Syk in breast cancer.

10) Family:
Family in this context relates to the classification of proteins or kinases. The study explores the Vav family of guanine nucleotide exchange factors, which are activated by Syk. Understanding these family relationships aids in comprehending the networks involved in signaling and cancer progression.

11) Animal:
Animal refers to the research subjects used in experiments. The text discusses the use of athymic nude mice to study the in vivo effects of Syk transfected cells, providing insights into breast cancer behavior and the role of Syk in metastasis.

12) India:
India is the country where the research was conducted. The text acknowledges its geographical and cultural context, emphasizing the contribution of local institutions in understanding global health issues like breast cancer through research on molecular targets like Syk.

13) Pharmacological:
Pharmacological relates to drugs and their effects on biological systems. The text suggests further understanding of Syk could aid in developing pharmacological entities that selectively target Syk for breast cancer treatment, highlighting its potential as a therapeutic target.

14) Evolution:
Evolution in this context likely refers to the development of cancer treatments or the biological evolution of Syk as a protein. The text discusses the research aimed at understanding Syk's roles and how insights can inform future therapeutic developments and treatment strategies.

15) Relative:
Relative may denote the connection between various factors, such as the relationship between Syk expression and cancer progression. The text addresses correlations between Syk levels and invasive breast cancer characteristics, establishing the significance of relative expression in diagnosis.

16) Reason:
Reason refers to the underlying causes or factors contributing to certain outcomes. The text discusses investigations into the reasons behind the loss of Syk in invasive breast cancer, focusing on the genetic and epigenetic mechanisms that modify Syk expression.

17) Death:
Death in this context relates to cancer mortality, particularly breast cancer, which is a leading cause of cancer death among women. The text emphasizes the importance of understanding molecular mechanisms like those involving Syk to improve survival rates through targeted therapies.

18) Blood:
Blood relates to the circulatory system, which is critical in cancer metastasis as cancer cells spread through the bloodstream. The text discusses how factors like Syk influence tumor behavior and interactions that can affect metastatic potential, including connections to blood vessels.

19) Hara:
Hara likely refers to one of the researchers whose findings contribute to the study of Syk and its involvement in cancer. The mention of researchers strengthens the validity of the claims made and establishes the collaborative nature of scientific inquiry.

20) Hora:
Hora might refer to other researchers or contributors in the context of breast cancer studies. The collaboration between various scientists enhances the research's comprehensiveness, evaluating different dimensions of how proteins like Syk influence cancer biology.

21) Hela (Helá):
HeLa refers to a widely used cancer cell line derived from cervical cancer cells. While not directly mentioned in the text, cell lines are crucial for cancer research, allowing experimentation on cancer mechanisms and therapies, similar to those studied for breast cancer.

22) Pari:
Pari may indicate a phrase or term related to a researcher's name or a component of the scientific inquiry process. Its value lies in establishing connections between various authors and their contributions to the overarching research theme of cancer biology.

23) Sign:
Sign relates to indicators or markers used in cancer research. The text suggests assessing Syk expression levels as a potential diagnostic marker for breast cancer progression, underscoring the need for reliable signs to inform treatment decisions.

24) Bell:
Bell could refer to the impact of specific findings, such as breakthroughs in understanding cancer mechanisms. The text outlines significant findings regarding Syk’s role, emphasizing the importance of these results for improving breast cancer treatment strategies.

25) Rich (Rch):
Rich in this context may refer to the abundance or intensity of certain cellular components, such as signaling pathways activated by Syk. The text explores the richness of Syk's effects on cell interaction and cancer progression, indicating a multifaceted role.

26) Drug:
Drug refers to any substance used for medical treatment, particularly in cancer therapy. The text discusses the potential for developing novel drugs targeting Syk, contributing to tailored cancer treatment approaches and improving patient outcomes.

27) Pur:
Poor in this context often characterizes outcomes, such as prognosis in breast cancer patients with low Syk expression. The text suggests correlations between Syk levels and cancer severity, highlighting the need for effective therapies to improve survival rates.

Other Science Concepts:

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Discover the significance of concepts within the article: ‘The effect of syk on breast cancer progression’. Further sources in the context of Science might help you critically compare this page with similair documents:

Breast cancer, Immune cells, Tumor progression, Signal transduction pathway, Cell adhesion, Cell line.

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