Intranasal solid-lipid nanoparticles of pitavastatin in mice
Journal name: World Journal of Pharmaceutical Research
Original article title: Intranasal delivery of solid-lipid nanoparticles of pitavastatin for assesment of antiepileptic properties in mice
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Ashif Iqubal, Ratendra Kumar, Shamim Ahmad, Mohd. Akhtar, M.Shahryar, Mohammad Kashif Iqubal, Abul Kalam Najmi
World Journal of Pharmaceutical Research:
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Full text available for: Intranasal delivery of solid-lipid nanoparticles of pitavastatin for assesment of antiepileptic properties in mice
Source type: An International Peer Reviewed Journal for Pharmaceutical and Medical and Scientific Research
Doi: 10.20959/wjpr20157-3942
Copyright (license): WJPR: All rights reserved
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Summary of article contents:
Introduction
Epilepsy is increasingly recognized as a global health issue affecting individuals across all age groups. With the development of new antiepileptic drugs (AEDs), safety concerns have arisen due to the adverse effects associated with these medications, including severe warnings issued by the FDA. This situation necessitates the exploration of alternative or supplementary treatment options for managing epilepsy. One such approach investigated in recent research is the use of Pitavastatin, primarily known as an anti-hyperlipidemic agent, for its potential anti-epileptic properties through a novel delivery method.
Anti-Epileptic Properties of Pitavastatin
Pitavastatin belongs to a class of medications known as HMG CoA reductase inhibitors, commonly used to lower cholesterol levels. Recent studies have begun to uncover the pleiotropic effects of Pitavastatin beyond its lipid-lowering properties, particularly its potential as an anti-epileptic drug. The research specifically evaluated the effects of solid-lipid nanoparticles (SLNs) of Pitavastatin delivered via the intranasal route. This innovative method aims to mitigate the dose-related myopathy traditionally associated with statin use, making it a promising candidate for further investigation in epilepsy treatment.
Experimental Design and Methodology
In a series of experiments involving Swiss albino mice, researchers administered SLNs of Pitavastatin at a dosage of 0.25 mg/kg for seven days to assess acute effects, while similar dosages were continued in a chronic study paired with a subconvulsant dose of pentylenetetrazole (PTZ) administered every alternate day over a 12-week period. Different parameters were evaluated in both acute and chronic studies, including the drug's impact on PTZ-induced seizures and cognition through transfer latency and step-down latency tests. Additionally, neuronal markers such as reduced glutathione (GSH) and thiobarbituric acid reacting species (TBARS) were quantified to examine oxidative stress levels.
Results and Observations
The findings from the acute studies demonstrated that SLNs of Pitavastatin effectively provided protection against PTZ-induced seizures; however, there was no significant impact observed on cognitive functions. In the chronic phase of the study, the drug exhibited a marked increase in GSH levels coupled with a reduction in TBARS, indicative of a decrease in lipid peroxidation and oxidative stress. This suggests that the SLNs of Pitavastatin not only have anticonvulsant properties but may also contribute to neuronal protection through enhanced antioxidant activity.
Conclusion
In conclusion, the study presents compelling evidence that SLNs of Pitavastatin possess significant anticonvulsant properties by inhibiting seizures induced by pentylenetetrazole and reducing lipid peroxidation. This research highlights the potential of Pitavastatin as a dual-purpose medication, addressing both hyperlipidemia and epilepsy. Further exploration of its mechanism and long-term effects could pave the way for the development of alternative therapies for epilepsy management, offering hope for improved patient outcomes.
FAQ section (important questions/answers):
What is the main focus of the study conducted by Iqubal et al.?
The study evaluates the antiepileptic properties of solid-lipid nanoparticles (SLNs) of pitavastatin through intranasal delivery in mice, aiming to explore alternative treatments for epilepsy due to adverse effects of current antiepileptic drugs.
Why is pitavastatin considered for treating epilepsy in this research?
Pitavastatin is primarily an anti-hyperlipidemic agent, but it exhibits pleiotropic effects that may include antiepileptic properties. The study investigates its effectiveness in seizure prevention and cognitive impact.
What methods were used to assess the effects of SLNs of pitavastatin?
The researchers gave Swiss albino mice SLNs of pitavastatin and monitored seizure activity induced by pentylenetetrazole (PTZ), cognitive functions like transfer latency, and measured levels of reduced glutathione and lipid peroxidation.
What were the findings regarding acute seizures in the study?
The results indicated protective effects against PTZ-induced seizures by pitavastatin SLNs. However, there was no significant effect observed on cognitive performance at the tested doses.
How did chronic administration of SLNs of pitavastatin impact mice?
In chronic studies, administration led to a significant increase in reduced glutathione levels and a reduction in thiobarbituric acid reacting species, suggesting inhibition of lipid peroxidation and potential neuroprotective effects.
What conclusion was drawn from the study regarding pitavastatin?
The study concluded that solid-lipid nanoparticles of pitavastatin possess anticonvulsant properties by blocking PTZ-induced seizures and exhibiting a protective effect against lipid peroxidation.
Glossary definitions and references:
Scientific and Ayurvedic Glossary list for “Intranasal solid-lipid nanoparticles of pitavastatin in mice”. This list explains important keywords that occur in this article and links it to the glossary for a better understanding of that concept in the context of Ayurveda and other topics.
1) Drug:
A drug is a substance used to diagnose, cure, treat, or prevent diseases. In this study, pitavastatin represents a novel drug considered for its antiepileptic properties, highlighting a significant area of research that connects pharmacology and neurology. The exploration of alternative drugs is particularly relevant due to limitations of existing antiepileptic drugs.
2) Epilepsy:
Epilepsy is a neurological disorder characterized by recurrent seizures. The relevance lies in its global prevalence, affecting people from various demographics. In the context of this study, understanding epilepsy is crucial, as the research investigates potential new treatments, emphasizing the need for effective therapeutic options amidst concerns of drug-related adverse effects.
3) Study (Studying):
A study refers to systematic investigation aimed at discovering new knowledge or confirming existing knowledge. This particular study employs rigorous methodologies to assess the anticonvulsant effects of solid-lipid nanoparticles of pitavastatin. The outcomes influence future research directions and understanding of drug efficacy, safety, and potential applications in epilepsy treatment.
4) Education:
Education provides foundational knowledge and skills in various fields, including pharmaceutical sciences and medicine. For researchers, education in pharmacology and neuroscience is vital in understanding drug mechanisms and disease pathology. This context emphasizes the role of academic institutions in fostering research that can pivotally contribute to healthcare advancements and disease management.
5) Road:
Roads connect various locations, facilitating transportation and communication. In this context, 'Road' refers to Mawana Road, linking the Translam Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research to the broader community. It highlights the accessibility of educational and research institutions, which play crucial roles in advancing medical science and public health.
6) New Delhi:
New Delhi, as the capital city of India, serves as a hub for education, research, and healthcare. It is home to significant academic and medical institutions, like Jamia Hamdard, contributing to advancements in pharmaceutical research. The location allows for collaboration among scientists, ultimately impacting treatment options for complex medical conditions.
7) Species:
Species in the context of biological research refers to a group of organisms that can reproduce and share similar characteristics. Here, Swiss albino mice are used in studies to model human conditions, such as epilepsy. Understanding species and their responses to drugs is essential in translating bench research into potential therapies for humans.
8) Kalka:
Kalka, a location referenced here, is part of the study's affiliation context. It is the place where the Department of Pharmacy at Kalka Institute for Research is situated. Geographic locations like Kalka contribute to the diversity of educational and research opportunities in India, fostering collaborations that advance pharmaceutical sciences.
9) Delhi:
Delhi is a significant cultural and political center, but importantly, it is also an academic hub. It houses numerous educational institutions, contributing extensively to research, particularly in pharmaceuticals. The presence of such institutions supports innovations in drug development, essential for addressing health challenges, including conditions like epilepsy.
10) Kumar:
Kumar is a common surname in India, reflecting social structures and familial lineage. In this context, Ratendra Kumar is one of the authors of the study, indicating collaboration between different researchers. This emphasizes the importance of teamwork and diverse expertise in executing thorough scientific research in fields like pharmacology.
11) Kalam:
Kalam represents a surname typically associated with notable Indian personalities. Abul Kalam Najmi, one of the study co-authors, underscores the collaborative effort in research endeavors. Such collaborations can bring forth varying perspectives, aiding in comprehensive assessments of drug effects and the underlying mechanisms crucial for developing effective treatments for conditions like epilepsy.
Other Science Concepts:
Discover the significance of concepts within the article: ‘Intranasal solid-lipid nanoparticles of pitavastatin in mice’. Further sources in the context of Science might help you critically compare this page with similair documents:
Adverse effect, Lipid peroxidation, Protective effect, Acute study, Antiepileptic properties, INTRANASAL DELIVERY, PITAVASTATIN, BLACK BOX WARNING, ALTERNATE MEDICATION, INTRA-NASAL ROUTE, SEIZURE INDUCED, CHRONIC STUDIES, NEURONAL REDUCED GLUTATHIONE, PENTYLENETETRAZOLE, Anticonvulsant property, Solid lipid nanoparticle, Pleiotropic effect, Anti-epileptic drug, Serious adverse effect, Neuron reduced glutathione, Thiobarbituric acid reacting species.