Evaluation of Thespesia populnea bark extract for analgesic activity.
Journal name: World Journal of Pharmaceutical Research
Original article title: Pharmacological evaluation of stem bark extract of thespesia populnea (malvaceae) for analgesic activity in mice
The WJPR includes peer-reviewed publications such as scientific research papers, reports, review articles, company news, thesis reports and case studies in areas of Biology, Pharmaceutical industries and Chemical technology while incorporating ancient fields of knowledge such combining Ayurveda with scientific data.
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Veerendra V. and Sai Manohar V.
World Journal of Pharmaceutical Research:
(An ISO 9001:2015 Certified International Journal)
Full text available for: Pharmacological evaluation of stem bark extract of thespesia populnea (malvaceae) for analgesic activity in mice
Source type: An International Peer Reviewed Journal for Pharmaceutical and Medical and Scientific Research
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Summary of article contents:
1) Introduction
The study evaluates the analgesic activity of the stem bark extract of Thespesia populnea, a member of the Malvaceae family, in Swiss albino mice. Pain, often experienced in acute and chronic forms, requires effective management to minimize patient suffering. Traditional pain management methods, primarily opioid analgesics and NSAIDs, come with significant side effects. In this context, the use of plant-derived compounds, which may offer effective pain relief with lower toxicity, presents an important research avenue. This study aimed to explore the analgesic potential of T. populnea using both central and peripheral pain models.
2) Analgesic Activity in Central Pain Model
The efficacy of the stem bark extract was first assessed using the hot plate method, a central pain model that measures response time to a thermal stimulus. In this experiment, various doses of the extract (3, 10, and 30 mg/kg) were administered to mice, alongside a control (gum acacia) and a standard analgesic (pentazocine at 25 mg/kg). Results indicated that the extract elevated the latency time for licking or jumping responses, showing significant analgesic effects, particularly at the 10 mg/kg dose, which produced results comparable to or greater than those of pentazocine at 180 minutes.
3) Analgesic Activity in Peripheral Pain Model
The acetic acid-induced writhing test was used as a model for evaluating the peripheral analgesic effect of the stem bark extract. Mice received varying doses of the extract (3, 10, and 30 mg/kg) or diclofenac as a standard (10 mg/kg). The extract exhibited a dose-dependent reduction in the number of writhes, indicating a significant analgesic effect. At the highest dose of 30 mg/kg, the extract achieved a 68.10% inhibition rate, highlighting its effectiveness, though still less than the 80.81% inhibition observed with diclofenac.
4) Comparative Efficacy of Extract and Standard Drugs
The findings suggest that Thespesia populnea possesses both central and peripheral analgesic properties. In the hot plate method, the extract demonstrated greater analgesia than pentazocine at certain doses, particularly at 10 mg/kg. The acetic acid model showed that while the extract was effective, its potency was relatively less than that of diclofenac. This dual mode of action implies that the extract may help modulate pain pathways in both neurogenic and inflammatory contexts, making it a candidate for further pain relief studies.
5) Conclusion
The study concludes that the stem bark extract of Thespesia populnea exhibits significant analgesic activity through both central and peripheral mechanisms. It demonstrated more effective pain relief compared to pentazocine in the central model and offered considerable relief in the inflammatory pain model, although less effective than diclofenac. These results support the potential of T. populnea as a source of analgesic agents, warranting further exploration into its mechanisms and therapeutic applications. Future studies could delve into elucidating the specific molecular pathways involved in its analgesic effects.
FAQ section (important questions/answers):
What was the objective of the study on Thespesia populnea?
The study aimed to evaluate the analgesic activity of stem bark extract of Thespesia populnea in Swiss albino mice using various pain assessment methods.
How was the analgesic activity of the extract measured?
Analgesic activity was assessed using the Hot plate method and acetic acid-induced writhing test, observing changes in response times and writhing counts.
What dosage of Thespesia populnea showed significant analgesic effects?
The extract at 30 mg/kg showed significant analgesic effects in both the Hot plate method and the acetic acid-induced writhing test.
How did Thespesia populnea compare to the standard drug Pentazocine?
At 10 mg/kg, Thespesia populnea produced more significant analgesia than Pentazocine (25 mg/kg) in the Hot plate method, indicating potential superior efficacy.
What are the potential benefits of using plant extracts for pain relief?
Plant extracts like Thespesia populnea may offer effective pain relief with lower toxicity compared to conventional analgesics, reducing the risk of serious side effects.
What further studies are suggested in the research conclusion?
The study recommends further molecular-level investigations to confirm and understand the analgesic mechanisms of Thespesia populnea.
Glossary definitions and references:
Scientific and Ayurvedic Glossary list for “Evaluation of Thespesia populnea bark extract for analgesic activity.”. This list explains important keywords that occur in this article and links it to the glossary for a better understanding of that concept in the context of Ayurveda and other topics.
1) Pain:
Pain is a central theme in this study, representing a subjective experience that evokes a strong emotional and sensory response. Understanding pain mechanisms is crucial for developing effective analgesic treatments. The research aims to evaluate how certain extracts can alleviate different types of pain, highlighting its importance in pharmacological studies.
2) Drug:
The study investigates pharmacological compounds, referred to as drugs, which are substances used to prevent or treat diseases. In this context, the focus is on the analgesic properties of the stem bark extract of Thespesia populnea, compared to standard drugs like pentazocine and diclofenac.
3) Activity:
Activity in this research context pertains to the effects of the stem bark extract on pain levels in experimental models. The term highlights the goal of assessing the efficacy of various doses and formulations in producing a desired physiological response, particularly analgesia.
4) Study (Studying):
The study refers to the systematic investigation conducted to determine the analgesic effects of Thespesia populnea on pain. It emphasizes the methodological approach employed in pharmacological research, including the design, procedures, and analysis necessary to gather and interpret data regarding the extract's efficacy.
5) Pharmacology:
Pharmacology is the branch of medicine that studies drugs, including their effects, mechanisms of action, and therapeutic applications. This study contributes to pharmacology by exploring the analgesic properties of natural compounds, highlighting their potential as alternatives to traditional pain relief medications, which often have significant side effects.
6) India:
India's significance in this context stems from its rich tradition of medicinal plants and alternative therapies. The study is based in India, emphasizing local knowledge and resources, and aims to explore the pharmacological potential of indigenous flora, particularly Thespesia populnea, within this culturally significant backdrop.
7) Table:
Tables in research present data systematically, allowing for easy comparison and analysis. In this study, tables summarize the experimental results of analgesic activities, showcasing how different doses of the stem bark extract affect pain response, aiding readers in understanding the efficacy of the treatments at a glance.
8) Animal:
Animal subjects, specifically Swiss albino mice, are utilized in this research to model human pain responses. Ethical considerations and proper care protocols are essential in animal studies, which aim to provide insights into drug efficacy and safety before human trials can be considered.
9) Observation:
Observation refers to the process of monitoring and documenting responses during experiments. Through careful observation, researchers can assess the effectiveness of treatments and draw conclusions about the analgesic properties of Thespesia populnea based on measured behavior changes in animal models.
10) Substance:
Substance in this context relates to the chemical compounds involved in the study, particularly the aqueous extract of Thespesia populnea. Understanding the active substances that contribute to analgesic effects is crucial for developing effective pain relief strategies and for pharmacological advancements.
11) Tamilnadu (Tamil-nadu):
Tamilnadu is the region in India where the study was conducted. The geographical context is important as it indicates the local flora potentially being utilized for pharmacological research, as well as the cultural significance of traditional medicine practices that inform the study's approach and objectives.
12) Chennai:
Chennai serves as the specific urban setting for the research, housing the medical institution where the experiments are conducted. The setting impacts research logistics, resources, and the collaborative environment, influencing the scope and success of pharmacological studies in the region.
13) Disease:
Disease in this study relates to conditions causing pain, which the research aims to address through analgesic therapies. Understanding how drugs can alleviate symptoms associated with diseases underscores the importance of effective pain management in improving patient quality of life.
14) Water:
Water is used as a vehicle for drug administration in the study, particularly for the gum acacia control group. Its role underlines the importance of managing solution formulations in pharmacological experiments to ensure accurate dosing and effective delivery of treatments.
15) Pharmacological:
Pharmacological refers to the study and application of drugs in treating diseases and pain. This term is foundational in understanding the purpose of the research, which aims to elucidate the pain-relieving properties of natural compounds within the pharmacological framework of effective therapy.
16) Antibiotic (Antibacterial):
Antibacterial agents are considered for their role in combating infections alongside analgesics. The mention of antibacterial activity among the properties of Thespesia populnea indicates a broader interest in the therapeutic potential of the plants beyond just pain management, involving multiple modes of action.
17) Inflammation:
Inflammation is a physiological response often linked with pain and is a critical target for analgesic therapies. The study explores how the stem bark extract of Thespesia populnea may influence inflammatory processes, contributing to its overall analgesic properties.
18) Alleviation:
Alleviation refers to the reduction or easing of pain and discomfort, which is the primary aim of the study. Understanding how Thespesia populnea can alleviate pain contributes to the search for effective and safer analgesic options in both clinical and traditional medicine practices.
19) Discussion:
Discussion involves interpreting the study's findings and relating them to existing literature. This section is crucial for contextualizing results, identifying their implications in pharmacology, and addressing the potential of Thespesia populnea as a viable therapeutic option for pain management.
20) Depression:
Depression can be a consequence of chronic pain or a side effect of analgesic drugs. Understanding the relationship between pain, its management, and mental health is crucial in pharmacology, as effective pain relief can improve not only physical health but also psychological well-being.
21) Medicine:
Medicine encompasses the practices, theories, and substances used to diagnose, treat, and prevent diseases. This study contributes to the field of medicine by exploring natural alternatives for pain management, highlighting the role of traditional knowledge in contemporary therapeutic approaches.
22) Vomiting:
Vomiting is a possible side effect of many medications, including traditional analgesics. Highlighting this side effect emphasizes the need for safer alternatives, such as the natural extracts studied here, to improve the overall patient experience and minimize discomfort caused by drug treatments.
23) Andhra (Amdhra):
Andhra Pradesh is relevant as it represents the broader Indian context for the study. The mention of regional diversity in medicinal plants highlights how geographical location can influence the availability and application of traditional remedies in pharmacological studies.
24) Nausea:
Nausea is another side effect often associated with pain medications, underscoring the need for effective alternatives that minimize adverse reactions. This aspect is considered when evaluating the efficacy and safety of the Thespesia populnea extract as an analgesic.
25) Reason:
Reason reflects the motivation behind the study, which is to find effective, low-toxicity pain relief options. The identification of traditional plants like Thespesia populnea as potential sources of analgesics integrates traditional knowledge with scientific investigation to address modern medical needs.
26) Kumar:
Kumar references an individual who contributed to this research, possibly as a mentor or collaborator. Acknowledging contributors is vital in academic work, highlighting the collaborative nature of research and the importance of guidance and review in scientific pursuits.
27) House:
House in this context refers to the housing of the animal subjects used in the study. Proper facilities are essential for the welfare of experimental animals, impacting the validity and ethical considerations of the research being conducted.
28) Genu:
Genu signifies the knee joint in anatomical terms. Although not explicitly mentioned in the study, understanding anatomical terms is essential in pharmacology to address pain management related to joint conditions and to facilitate effective treatment protocols.
29) Pose:
Pose can refer to the act of presenting or putting forward hypotheses or conclusions in the context of scientific research. In this study, it may relate to how findings are discussed and the implications they pose for future analgesic research and clinical applications.
30) Fire:
Fire could metaphorically reference the activation of pain responses similar to how thermal stimulation induces pain in experimental models. Understanding such mechanisms is essential for developing therapies that effectively mitigate pain associated with various stimuli.
Other Science Concepts:
Discover the significance of concepts within the article: ‘Evaluation of Thespesia populnea bark extract for analgesic activity.’. Further sources in the context of Science might help you critically compare this page with similair documents:
Thespesia populnea, Acute pain, Chronic pain, Pain management, Statistical analysis, Placebo, Preclinical studies, Analgesic activity, Institutional animal ethics committee, Swiss albino mice, Inflammatory pain, Dose-dependent manner, Standard drug, Diclofenac sodium, Pentazocine, Acetic acid induced writhing test, Endogenous substances, Central analgesic activity, Dose-dependent reduction, NSAID, Capillary permeability, Opioid Analgesic, Hot plate method, Neuropathic pain, Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory agent, Significant analgesic effect.