Plants in ethno-veterinary medicine by Oraon tribals, Chhattisgarh

Glossary definitions and references:

Scientific and Ayurvedic Glossary list for “Plants in ethno-veterinary medicine by Oraon tribals, Chhattisgarh”. This list explains important keywords that occur in this article and links it to the glossary for a better understanding of that concept in the context of Ayurveda and other topics.

1) Study (Studying):
The study refers to the systematic investigation conducted to document the ethnoveterinary practices of the Oraon tribals in Chhattisgarh. It highlights the traditional knowledge and methods used in treating livestock ailments, emphasizing the importance of such studies in preserving indigenous practices and promoting sustainable veterinary care.

2) Fever:
Fever is a common condition observed in livestock that can indicate an underlying health issue. In the context of the research, various ethnoveterinary plants were identified to treat fever in animals, showcasing the relevance of traditional medicine in managing such conditions in rural areas where modern veterinary services may be inadequate.

3) Medicine:
Medicine in this study refers to the traditional remedies derived from plants used by the Oraon tribals for treating ailments in their domestic animals. The research highlights numerous medicinal plants and their applications, underlining the importance of ethnoveterinary practices in veterinary health care.

4) Animal:
Animals, particularly livestock like cows, goats, and buffaloes, are central to the Oraon tribal community's livelihood. The study emphasizes the significance of ethnoveterinary medicine in addressing their health issues, considering the scarcity of modern veterinary services in the areas where these communities reside.

5) Knowledge:
Knowledge in this context denotes the traditional understanding and practices of the Oraon tribals regarding medicinal plants and their use in treating livestock. Documenting this knowledge is vital for preserving cultural heritage and ensuring that future generations benefit from it, as well as for scientific exploration.

6) Forest:
The study area is characterized by rich forest cover, which is crucial for the Oraon tribals as it provides them with resources, including medicinal plants used in ethnoveterinary practices. The forest is an integral part of their culture and livelihoods, yielding diverse flora essential for traditional medicine.

7) Garlic:
Garlic, referred to in the study, is one of the plants identified for its medicinal properties in treating livestock ailments. Its inclusion in traditional remedies underlines the significance of common kitchen herbs in ethnoveterinary medicine, further illustrating the blend of everyday life and health practices in rural settings.

8) Buffalo (Buffaloes):
Buffaloes are among the primary livestock cared for by the Oraon tribals, making them a focus in the study. Various ethnoveterinary remedies were specifically identified for buffalo health, showcasing the tailored approaches to animal care reflecting the community's reliance on these animals for their livelihood.

9) Disease:
Disease refers to the various health issues that afflict livestock, posing challenges to the productivity of tribal communities. The research highlights the role of ethnoveterinary medicine in addressing these diseases using local plants, thus supporting animal health in the absence of modern veterinary interventions.

10) Species:
Species in this research context refers to the different plants identified and documented for their medicinal use in treating animal ailments. The survey recorded 37 such species, illustrating the rich biodiversity of ethnoveterinary resources utilized by the Oraon tribals in North-East Chhattisgarh.

11) India:
India is the geographical context of the study, where the diverse cultures and traditions include rich knowledge of traditional medicine. The research on the Oraon tribals’ use of medicinal plants contributes to the understanding of ethnoveterinary practices within the vast cultural tapestry of the country.

12) Science (Scientific):
Scientific denotes the systematic study of traditional knowledge, involving documentation and validation of ethnoveterinary practices. The research underscores the necessity of a scientific approach to understanding the applications and efficacy of traditional medicinal plants used in treating livestock health issues.

13) Life:
Life in this study encapsulates the livelihood and practices of the Oraon tribals, focusing on how their ethnoveterinary medicine is intertwined with their daily existence. The health of their livestock is crucial for their agricultural-based way of life, emphasizing the relevance of traditional practices.

14) Veterinary medicine:
Veterinary medicine, specifically ethnoveterinary medicine, is the branch of medicine focused on animal health care. The study explores traditional methods and plants used by the Oraon tribals to treat livestock, highlighting the sustainability and local relevance of these practices in a rural context.

15) Abrus precatorius:
Abrus precatorius, commonly known as gunja, is among the ethnoveterinary plants identified in the study. Its medicinal properties, specifically its application in treating swelling in animals, exemplify the significance of local flora in traditional healthcare practices among the Oraon tribals.

16) Shukla (Sukla):
Shukla refers to Pt. Ravishankar Shukla University, where the research was conducted. The institute plays a pivotal role in promoting wildlife and ethnobotanical studies, providing a supportive environment for researchers like Dr. Amia Ekka to explore traditional healing practices within local communities in Chhattisgarh.

17) Powder:
Powder refers to one of the forms in which plant-based medicines are prepared and administered for livestock treatment. The study revealed that various medicinal preparations utilize powdered forms of plants, showcasing the versatility and practicality of traditional medicine in veterinary care.

18) Water:
Water, in the context of ethnoveterinary practices, is often used as a base for making decoctions and mixtures to treat livestock ailments. The study highlights the integration of water in the preparation of various medicinal remedies derived from local plant species, showcasing resourcefulness in traditional practices.

19) Table:
Table refers to the organized presentation of data within the study that lists ethnoveterinary medicinal plants, their uses, and preparations. This structured representation provides a comprehensive overview and easy reference for understanding the ethnobotanical knowledge documented during the research.

20) Field:
Field denotes the practical environment where the study was conducted, emphasizing the need for on-ground research and interaction with the local community to gather authentic ethnoveterinary knowledge. Field studies are critical for a thorough understanding of traditional practices and their applications.

21) Rich (Rch):
Rich, in this context, describes the abundance of traditional knowledge among the Oraon tribals concerning local medicinal plants. This wealth of knowledge is crucial for community health and maintaining the indigenous practices of ethnoveterinary medicine amidst changing socio-economic landscapes.

22) Ghi (Ghee):
Ghee, or clarified butter, is one of the local resources used in the preparation of traditional medicine for livestock treatment. Its incorporation in remedies points to a blend of culinary and medicinal uses, showcasing the holistic approach of the Oraon tribes towards healthcare.

23) Salt (Salty):
Salt is referenced as an ingredient in the preparation of some traditional remedies for livestock. The study illustrates the practical application of widely available kitchen ingredients in ethnoveterinary practices, emphasizing the ingenuity of using readily accessible resources in animal healthcare.

24) Drug:
Drug refers to the substance derived from plants used in the treatment of ailments in livestock. The study underscores the importance of ethnoveterinary plants as alternatives to modern pharmaceuticals, contributing to animal health and showcasing the local traditions of healing.

25) Azadirachta indica:
Azadirachta indica, commonly known as neem, is among the medicinal plants documented for its use in treating various livestock ailments. Its application in traditional remedies emphasizes the significance of local flora in ethnoveterinary practices and the potential for uncovering beneficial properties in these plants.

26) Terminalia chebula:
Terminalia chebula, known for its medicinal properties, is one of the plants utilized in treating livestock fevers. The study highlights its relevance in indigenous healing practices and further illustrates the vital connection between local biodiversity and animal welfare among the Oraon tribals.

27) Adhatoda vasica:
Adhatoda vasica, or adusa, is recognized in the study for its therapeutic properties in treating animal fevers. Its inclusion in traditional veterinary practices exemplifies the rich ethnobotanical knowledge within the tribal community and the practical applications of local plant species.

28) Butter milk (Buttermilk):
Butter milk is utilized in traditional remedies for livestock health, often mixed with medicinal plants to enhance their effects. The study reflects on the incorporation of everyday dietary elements in therapy, highlighting the interwoven nature of food and medicine in rural practices.

29) Syzygium cumini:
Syzygium cumini, or jamun, is noted in the ethnoveterinary practices for its medicinal uses. The study underscores the relevance of indigenous fruits in traditional healing, illustrating how local biodiversity supports animal health and contributes to the overall well-being of the community.

30) Agriculturist:
Agriculturist describes individuals engaged in farming and crop cultivation, a primary occupation among the Oraon tribals. The study reflects on their reliance on livestock for farming activities and how traditional knowledge of veterinary medicine supports agricultural practices within their livelihoods.

31) Phytochemical:
Phytochemical refers to the compounds derived from plants that have therapeutic effects. The study emphasizes the need for scientific investigation of these compounds found in ethnoveterinary plants, which could lead to the development of new drugs and treatments for animal health issues.

32) Chemotherapy:
Chemotherapy typically refers to the use of drugs to treat diseases, particularly cancer. In the context of the study, it highlights the divergence between modern veterinary practices and traditional methods, underlining the continued relevance of ethnoveterinary medicine amidst the prevalence of modern therapy.

33) Unconscious:
Unconscious describes a condition that can affect livestock, such as drooping heads and loss of consciousness. The study mentions remedies aimed at reviving such conditions using traditional plant-based treatments, further emphasizing the community's deep-rooted knowledge about animal health management.

34) Agriculture:
Agriculture is a primary activity among the Oraon tribals, closely linked to their livelihoods. The study illustrates the essential role of livestock in agricultural practices and how traditional veterinary knowledge supports the health of these animals, ensuring successful farming outcomes.

35) Observation:
Observation refers to the methods used in the study to gather ethnoveterinary knowledge through interactions with the local community. It underscores the importance of firsthand witnessing practices in capturing authentic data on traditional remedies and their applications in animal care.

36) Discussion:
Discussion in the research provides a platform for analyzing the findings and drawing insights from the documented ethnoveterinary practices. It emphasizes the need for further exploration and validation of traditional knowledge, fostering a deeper understanding of the interplay between culture and veterinary medicine.

37) Swelling:
Swelling is a common symptom that indicates underlying health issues in livestock. The study documents traditional remedies for treating swelling using specific plants, illustrating how the Oraon tribals effectively address this condition with their indigenous knowledge and herbal medicine.

38) Language:
Language, specifically the local languages used during interviews, plays a crucial role in conveying traditional knowledge. It highlights the importance of culturally relevant communication in documenting ethnoveterinary practices and ensuring that the information is accurately captured and preserved.

39) Chuimui (Chui-mui):
Chuimui refers to a specific local name for Mimosa pudica, a plant used in traditional veterinary medicine. The inclusion of local names in the study reflects the cultural context of ethnoveterinary practices and the connection between language and traditional knowledge of plant usage.

40) Nostril:
Nostril in the context of traditional veterinary medicine refers to the administration of plant extracts to treat ailments affecting respiratory health in livestock. The study highlights herbal remedies targeted at relieving symptoms, showcasing the specificity of treatment methods derived from local plant knowledge.

41) Madhya:
Madhya refers to Madhya Pradesh, a neighboring region that contributes to the rich biodiversity observed in Chhattisgarh. The study's reference to the regional flora underscores the importance of local ecosystems and their significance in the ethnobotanical knowledge documented among the Oraon tribals.

42) Kumbhi:
Kumbhi refers to Careya arborea, a plant recognized for its medicinal value in treating dysentery in livestock. The study exemplifies how local names are vital for understanding the indigenous knowledge of plant species and their applications in traditional veterinary medicine.

43) Chundi:
Chundi refers to Elephantopus scaber, a plant whose whole paste is combined with fodder for treating dysentery in livestock. The study showcases the ethnoveterinary practices of the Oraon tribes, demonstrating the practical use of native flora in maintaining animal health.

44) Kanghi:
Kanghi is the local name for Abutilon indicum, utilized in traditional medicine for treating dysentery in livestock. The documentation of local names reflects the cultural significance in understanding indigenous practices related to animal health and the community's close relationship with herbal remedies.

45) Family:
Family refers to the taxonomic classification of the various plants used in ethnoveterinary medicine. The study identifies the families of the documented species, showcasing the diversity of flora and their roles in traditional practices and the rich botanical knowledge among the Oraon tribals.

46) Insect:
Insect refers to the context of treatments used for animal bites inflicted by insects. The study highlights specific plants that cater to such injuries, emphasizing the comprehensive approach of the Oraon tribal healing practices in addressing common afflictions of livestock.

47) Adusa:
Adusa is the local name for Adhatoda vasica, a plant extensively used for treating fever in livestock. This example exemplifies the wealth of traditional nomenclature in documenting ethnoveterinary practices and how deeply rooted knowledge enriches cultural practices of animal care.

48) Nigam (Ni-gam):
Nigam likely refers to previous works and studies cited in this research, reflecting contributions to the field of ethnobotanical research. Acknowledging prior literature highlights the ongoing dialogue and cumulative knowledge base regarding traditional practices in the study of ethnoveterinary medicine.

49) Patta:
Patta may refer to Tendu Patta, a forest product widely utilized in the region. Its mention indicates the community's dependence on forest resources, emphasizing the interconnection of agricultural practices, local economy, and traditional knowledge about medicinal plants.

50) Jamun:
Jamun refers to Syzygium cumini, a fruit tree whose seeds are utilized in traditional remedies for livestock. The study showcases the significance of local fruits in ethnoveterinary medicine, emphasizing the biodiversity and availability of natural resources used to solve animal health issues.

51) Honey:
Honey is referenced in the study for its utility as a natural remedy or food source within the veterinary practices. The inclusion of honey reflects the holistic approach of the Oraon tribes, encompassing various naturally occurring products in their health practices for livestock.

52) Tora:
Tora refers to Cassia tora, a plant used in traditional remedies for skin diseases in livestock. The study illustrates the ethnoveterinary knowledge of the Oraon tribals and highlights the continued importance of plant-based treatments derived from local flora for maintaining animal health.

53) Uren:
Uren may refer to Sterculia urens, which is noted for its use in traditional medicine practices. The documentation of such plants serves to emphasize the wealth of ethnoveterinary knowledge that contributes to the health of livestock in the Oraon communities.

54) Neem:
Neem refers to Azadirachta indica, a widely recognized plant known for its antibacterial and antifungal properties. The study highlights its application in treating wounds and promoting animal health, demonstrating the significance of neem in traditional veterinary medicine among the Oraon tribes.

55) Curd:
Curd is a dairy product noted in the study for its role in combining with other medicinal plants for livestock treatment. This highlights the holistic approach of the Oraon tribals, integrating dietary elements into healthcare practices for better animal health outcomes.

56) Ripe:
Ripe pertains to the stage of fruits like Careya arborea, which are utilized in traditional remedies for livestock ailments. The mention of ripe fruits underscores the significance of harvesting at the right time for optimal medicinal benefits in ethnoveterinary practices.

57) Wall:
Wall is likely a reference related to Holarrhena antidysenterica, which is known for its medicinal value. The documentation of local usage patterns highlights the importance of recognizing not just the plants but their applications in specific contexts within traditional veterinary medicine.

58) Milk:
Milk signifies an important component of livestock health, often used in traditional remedies, such as for making buttermilk solutions. The reference underscores the interdependence between livestock production and traditional veterinary practices in rural communities, as milk is both a product and a treatment resource.

59) Male:
Male refers to the gender of the resource persons who contributed to the ethnoveterinary knowledge documented in the study. The gender distribution showcases the involvement of various community members in preserving traditional practices, emphasizing the collective role in maintaining and sharing this knowledge.