Induced mutagenesis effects on sorghum cytology.
Journal name: World Journal of Pharmaceutical Research
Original article title: Induced physical and chemical mutagenesis and its effect in cytological behavior of sorghum (sorghum bicolor (l.) moench)
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V. Suthakar, L. Mullainathan and S.Natarajan
World Journal of Pharmaceutical Research:
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Full text available for: Induced physical and chemical mutagenesis and its effect in cytological behavior of sorghum (sorghum bicolor (l.) moench)
Source type: An International Peer Reviewed Journal for Pharmaceutical and Medical and Scientific Research
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Summary of article contents:
Introduction
Sorghum (Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench) is a crucial grain crop in India, once ranked second in grain production before the Green Revolution. While it now ranks lower in area sown and production compared to other crops, it remains vital due to its drought resistance, low input requirements, and high nutritional value, making it suitable for food and animal feed. The study primarily investigates the effects of physical and chemical mutagens, specifically Ethyl Methane Sulphonate (EMS) and gamma rays, on the cytological behavior of sorghum, especially focusing on meiotic features and chromosomal aberrations, with the aim of improving crop yields and resistance.
The Role of Mutagens in Crop Improvement
Mutagens are essential tools for crop improvement, inducing genetic variations that can enhance the desirable traits of plants. The two main types of changes caused by mutagens are chromosome breakage and rearrangement, and modifications in the chemical composition of individual genes. Previous research has demonstrated that induced mutations can create genetic diversity, which is crucial for developing better crop varieties. Historical studies signify that both spontaneous and induced mutations have contributed significantly to modern plant breeding by enhancing genetic variability in crops like sorghum.
Cytological Effects of EMS and Gamma Rays
The investigation of the cytological effects of EMS and gamma rays revealed various chromosomal aberrations, including stickiness, precocious movements, laggards, fragments, and chromosomal bridges. The severity of these chromosomal aberrations was directly related to the concentration of mutagens used. Notably, a higher concentration of EMS (40mM) resulted in a greater frequency of chromosomal aberrations compared to gamma rays. The study highlights the importance of cytological analysis in understanding how different doses of mutagens impact the cell division process and genetic stability in sorghum.
Chromosomal Aberrations Observed
Detailed observations identified specific chromosomal aberrations resulting from the treatment. Stickiness was a common aberration caused by nucleic acid polymerization, frequently occurring at higher doses of both gamma rays (30KR and 50mM) and EMS. Precocious movements and lagging chromosomes were also reported due to disturbances in chromosome pairing and spindle fiber discrepancies. These aberrations indicate severe implications for genetic stability and further emphasize the influence of mutagens on the chromosomal behavior of sorghum during cell division.
Conclusion
The research indicates a clear correlation between the concentration of mutagens and the frequency of chromosomal abnormalities in sorghum. As observed, the percentage of abnormal cells increased with higher dosages of both EMS and gamma rays, with EMS exhibiting a more pronounced effect than gamma rays. Understanding these mutations and chromosomal behaviors is vital for facilitating the development of improved sorghum varieties, thereby enhancing overall crop performance and resilience in the face of environmental challenges.
FAQ section (important questions/answers):
What were the primary mutagens used in the study?
The study investigated the effects of Ethyl Methane Sulphonate (EMS) and Gamma rays on the cytological behavior of Sorghum bicolor, focusing on their ability to induce chromosomal aberrations.
How does Gamma radiation affect Sorghum chromosomes?
Gamma radiation interacts with plant cells to produce free radicals, leading to chromosomal damage and various aberrations, such as stickiness, laggards, and chromosomal bridges, particularly at higher doses.
What are some observed chromosomal aberrations in Sorghum?
Common chromosomal aberrations observed include stickiness, bridge formations, fragments, and laggards, especially at increased concentrations of EMS and Gamma rays.
What is the impact of EMS on Sorghum cells?
Higher concentrations of EMS led to more significant chromosomal abnormalities compared to Gamma rays, indicating its potency as a mutagen in inducing genetic variability in Sorghum bicolor.
What method was used to analyze chromosomal behavior in the study?
The study utilized root tip cytological analysis to observe mitotic behavior and chromosomal aberrations, gaining insights into the effects of the mutagens on Sorghum bicolor.
What were the findings related to dosage and aberrations?
The frequency of chromosomal aberrations increased with higher doses of both Gamma rays and EMS, with specific anomalies observed at each concentration level during the investigation.
Other Science Concepts:
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Nutritive value, Chromosomal aberration, Cytological Analysis.