Emulsion liquid membrane extraction of ciprofloxacin with Aliquat-336.
Journal name: World Journal of Pharmaceutical Research
Original article title: Emulsion liquid membrane extraction and determination of ciprofloxacin with aliquat-336
The WJPR includes peer-reviewed publications such as scientific research papers, reports, review articles, company news, thesis reports and case studies in areas of Biology, Pharmaceutical industries and Chemical technology while incorporating ancient fields of knowledge such combining Ayurveda with scientific data.
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Vidyagauri Lele, Saira Mulla, Suhas Kulkarni and Anand Patil
World Journal of Pharmaceutical Research:
(An ISO 9001:2015 Certified International Journal)
Full text available for: Emulsion liquid membrane extraction and determination of ciprofloxacin with aliquat-336
Source type: An International Peer Reviewed Journal for Pharmaceutical and Medical and Scientific Research
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Summary of article contents:
Introduction
Ciprofloxacin is a broad-spectrum antibacterial agent, recognized for its effectiveness against various bacterial infections, including anthrax. It is characterized by its empirical formula C17H18FN3O3.HCl.H2O and a molecular weight of 385.82. Given its limited solubility in water and other solvents, the extraction and analysis of ciprofloxacin from synthetic effluents are crucial in pharmaceutical and environmental contexts. This study presents a novel emulsion liquid membrane (ELM) method utilizing Aliquat-336 for the extraction and determination of ciprofloxacin from saline buffer solutions.
Emulsion Liquid Membrane Extraction
The key concept in this study is the development of a novel method for the extraction of ciprofloxacin using emulsion liquid membrane technology. This technique employs Aliquat-336 as the carrier in a stable emulsion, formed by mixing the internal phase containing citrate buffer and sodium chloride, and the organic membrane phase consisting of Span 80 and Aliquat-336 dissolved in toluene. The extracted ciprofloxacin is subsequently stripped from the organic phase using a sodium chloride buffer, allowing for a simple and rapid separation process. Spectrophotometric analysis at 272 nm confirms the presence and concentration of ciprofloxacin, demonstrating the effective application of the ELM method.
Impact of pH on Ciprofloxacin Transport
One critical aspect of the study is the investigation of how pH levels influence the transport efficiency of ciprofloxacin. The researchers conducted transport experiments over a range of external and internal pH values, identifying an optimal condition for maximum transport efficiency. They found that a feed phase pH between 8 and 10, specifically at pH 10, alongside an internal phase pH of 4, yielded the highest percent transport at 88.23%. This highlights the significance of pH in enhancing the selectivity and efficacy of ciprofloxacin extraction from diverse mixtures.
Solvent Effects on Ciprofloxacin Recovery
In addition to examining pH, the study also explored the impact of various solvents on the transport of ciprofloxacin. Various solvents including ethyl acetate, dichloromethane, and toluene were tested, revealing that toluene yielded the highest transport percentage at 88.23%. The results indicate that solvent choice is vital for optimizing extraction procedures. This information is important for refining the extraction processes in both laboratory and industrial settings when addressing ciprofloxacin recovery from waste or contaminated sources.
Conclusion
The proposed method showcases a viable approach for the extraction of ciprofloxacin using Aliquat-336 in an emulsion liquid membrane system, demonstrating its effectiveness in recovering ciprofloxacin from synthetic mixtures. The findings affirm that this method surpasses many conventional techniques due to its low energy requirements, compact design, and simultaneous extraction and stripping capabilities. Furthermore, it offers an environmentally friendly alternative that can be applied in effluent treatment, indicating a significant advancement in pharmaceutical extraction processes.
FAQ section (important questions/answers):
What is ciprofloxacin and why is it significant?
Ciprofloxacin is a broad-spectrum antibiotic effective against bacterial infections, including anthrax. Its ability to combat various infections makes it crucial in medical settings, particularly during bioterrorism scenarios.
What method was developed for extracting ciprofloxacin?
A novel emulsion liquid membrane extraction method was developed using aliquat-336. This method efficiently separates and determines ciprofloxacin from synthetic industrial effluent under low energy and mild conditions.
What were the optimal conditions for ciprofloxacin transport?
The optimum conditions involved a feed phase pH of 10, an internal phase pH of 4, and a stirring time of 25 minutes, achieving over 88% transport efficiency.
How was the membrane for extraction prepared?
The membrane consisted of 13 cm³ span-80 and 15 cm³ aliquat-336 diluted in toluene to a final volume of 100 cm³, creating a stable milky white emulsion.
What solvents were found effective in the extraction process?
Toluene showed the highest transport efficiency at 88.23%, followed by dichloromethane and kerosene. Other solvents like ethyl acetate and carbon tetrachloride had lower efficiencies.
Was the extraction method effective on synthetic mixtures?
Yes, the method successfully recovered ciprofloxacin from synthetic mixtures, attaining over 88% recovery across various tested concentrations, demonstrating its practical utility for waste treatment.
Glossary definitions and references:
Scientific and Ayurvedic Glossary list for “Emulsion liquid membrane extraction of ciprofloxacin with Aliquat-336.”. This list explains important keywords that occur in this article and links it to the glossary for a better understanding of that concept in the context of Ayurveda and other topics.
1) Commerce:
In the context of this research, 'Commerce' relates to the economic aspect of pharmaceutical production, especially regarding the separation and recovery of valuable compounds like ciprofloxacin from industrial effluents. This process can have implications for cleaner production techniques and sustainability in the pharmaceutical industry. The study emphasizes how such methods can benefit commercial entities by enhancing the recovery of active ingredients from waste, thus fostering a more sustainable commerce model.
2) Science (Scientific):
The research article represents a significant contribution to 'Science' by advancing the understanding of emulsion liquid membrane extraction techniques. It showcases a scientific approach in isolating ciprofloxacin, which serves as an important antibacterial agent. The methodology adheres to scientific principles and rigorous experimentation, aiding in the development of new methods that could be essential in various scientific fields including pharmacology and environmental science.
3) Antibiotic (Antibacterial):
Ciprofloxacin is a widely recognized 'Antibiotic', known for its effectiveness against a range of bacterial infections. The focus of the study highlights the need for efficient recovery methods for antibiotics from industrial waste. By isolating ciprofloxacin, the research underscores the importance of preserving and utilizing antibiotics from potentially hazardous byproducts, contributing to public health and the sustainability of drug supply.
4) Measurement:
'Measurement' plays an integral part in the research, particularly in terms of spectrophotometric analysis to determine the concentration of ciprofloxacin. Accurate measurement techniques ensure the effectiveness and reliability of the extraction process. The results are dependent on meticulous measurements of absorbance and pH levels, reflecting the significance of precise scientific measurement in achieving valid research outcomes.
5) India:
'India' is significant in the context of this research, as the study was conducted at a college in Mumbai. The focus on the pharmaceutical extraction techniques within India highlights the country’s role in the global pharmaceutical industry. Moreover, addressing local industrial effluent problems relates to broader environmental and health issues affecting India, showcasing the need for effective solutions within the nation’s context.
6) Patil:
'Patil' refers to one of the authors of the research article. His contribution, along with colleagues, is central to the development of the extraction method for ciprofloxacin. The involvement of researchers like Patil is crucial for advancing methodologies in chemistry and enhancing the effectiveness of pharmaceuticals, highlighting the importance of academic collaboration in scientific endeavors.
7) Glass:
'Glass' surfaces are often used in laboratory instruments, such as spectrophotometers and pH meters, which played a role in this research. The reference to glass points to the essential nature of laboratory equipment in conducting accurate experiments and measurements. The choice of materials in scientific settings, such as glass, can influence the results obtained in chemical investigations.
8) Water:
'Water' is crucial in many chemical processes including the emulsification in this study. The solubility properties of ciprofloxacin are relevant, as it is sparingly soluble in water. Understanding the interaction of ciprofloxacin with water and other solvents is essential for optimizing the extraction process and ensuring effective recovery of the antibiotic during experiments.
9) Table:
'Table' refers to the organized data presented in the research, summarizing experimental results. The use of tables is vital for conveying complex information clearly and concisely, allowing for easier interpretation of the findings related to extraction efficiency and other variables in the study. Tables serve as essential tools in scientific reporting and contribute to the clarity of research data.
10) Fever:
'Fever' is a common symptom treated with antibiotics like ciprofloxacin. The relevance of fever connects to the broader healthcare context, where effective treatment of bacterial infections can alleviate symptoms. Research into antibiotic extraction methods has direct implications for improving treatment protocols for conditions associated with fever, thereby enhancing patient care and health outcomes.
11) Drug:
'Drug' is a fundamental concept as ciprofloxacin is a widely used pharmacological compound. The study's focus on the extraction of this drug from effluents underlines its significance in medicine. The methodologies developed could enhance the availability of important drugs, impacting treatment options and pharmaceutical applications in healthcare.
Other Science Concepts:
Discover the significance of concepts within the article: ‘Emulsion liquid membrane extraction of ciprofloxacin with Aliquat-336.’. Further sources in the context of Science might help you critically compare this page with similair documents:
Molecular weight, Ciprofloxacin, Empirical Formula, Stock Solution, Conventional technique.
Concepts being referred in other categories, contexts and sources.