Quality assessment of open well water for human use in Pollachi, TN.

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Journal name: World Journal of Pharmaceutical Research
Original article title: Assessment of quality of open well water and its suitability for human use in pollachi, coimbatore district, tamilnadu, india
The WJPR includes peer-reviewed publications such as scientific research papers, reports, review articles, company news, thesis reports and case studies in areas of Biology, Pharmaceutical industries and Chemical technology while incorporating ancient fields of knowledge such combining Ayurveda with scientific data.
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Author:

Dhanalakshmi V. and Shanmugapriyan R.


World Journal of Pharmaceutical Research:

(An ISO 9001:2015 Certified International Journal)

Full text available for: Assessment of quality of open well water and its suitability for human use in pollachi, coimbatore district, tamilnadu, india

Source type: An International Peer Reviewed Journal for Pharmaceutical and Medical and Scientific Research

Copyright (license): WJPR: All rights reserved


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Summary of article contents:

Introduction

The study conducted by Dhanalakshmi V. and Shanmugapriyan R. analyzes the quality of open well water in various densely populated areas of Pollachi, Coimbatore district, Tamil Nadu, India. The assessment aimed to determine the suitability of this water for human consumption by examining various physico-chemical properties such as pH, electrical conductivity, and concentrations of calcium, magnesium, sulphate, chloride, nitrate, total dissolved solids (TDS), and alkalinity over a period from May 2014 to April 2015. The findings provide critical insights into the water quality challenges faced by this region, particularly in the context of urbanization and agricultural practices.

Electrical Conductivity and Water Quality

Electrical conductivity (EC) serves as an essential indicator of water quality, reflecting the presence of dissolved salts in the water. In the study, the EC values ranged from 1020 to 1080 micromhos/cm, which exceed the acceptable limits established by the Indian Council of Medical Research (ICMR). This elevated EC is indicative of poor water quality, potentially arising from the disposal of domestic and industrial waste into the water bodies. The findings align with previous studies showing varying EC values in other water sources within Coimbatore, suggesting a broader challenge of high salinity levels affecting water quality in the region.

pH Levels and Their Significance

The pH levels of the open well water samples ranged from 7.1 to 7.5, indicating that the water is neutral and within the permissible range set by the World Health Organization (WHO). Maintaining appropriate pH levels is critical as it impacts the survival of aquatic organisms and the overall water quality. The study's average obtained pH value suggests adequate buffering capacity, influenced by minerals and organic matter in the water, a critical aspect of ensuring drinking water safety for residents in the surveyed areas.

Nitrate Concentration and Health Implications

Another crucial finding from the study is concerning nitrate concentrations in the well water samples, which ranged from 56 to 66 mg/l, significantly exceeding the permissible limit established by health organizations. Elevated nitrate levels are primarily attributed to agricultural runoff, industrial discharge, and sewage efforts, potentially posing health risks, including methemoglobinemia, especially in infants. This highlights an urgent need for effective water management practices and pollution control to mitigate nitrate contamination and ensure public health safety.

Conclusion

In conclusion, the assessment of open well water in Pollachi reveals that while certain parameters such as pH and concentrations of calcium, magnesium, sulphate, and chloride are within acceptable limits, other indicators, particularly EC, nitrate levels, and total dissolved solids, exceed recommended thresholds. These findings underscore the ongoing challenges posed by urbanization, agricultural practices, and improper waste disposal on water quality. Addressing these issues through improved waste management and water quality monitoring is vital for safeguarding public health and ensuring safe drinking water in the region.

FAQ section (important questions/answers):

What was the purpose of the water quality assessment in Pollachi?

The study aimed to assess the quality of open well water in Pollachi, determining its suitability for drinking purposes based on various physico-chemical properties.

Which physico-chemical parameters were analyzed in the water samples?

The parameters analyzed included pH, electrical conductivity, calcium, magnesium, sulfate, chloride, nitrate, total dissolved solids, and alkalinity.

What range of pH was observed in the well water samples?

The pH values of the well water samples ranged from 7.1 to 7.5, which is within the acceptable limits set by WHO.

Were calcium and magnesium levels within acceptable drinking water standards?

Yes, calcium and magnesium concentrations were recorded at 49 to 60 mg/l and 20 to 24 mg/l respectively, both within the desired limits.

What issues were found with nitrate and total dissolved solids levels?

Nitrate concentrations ranged from 56 to 66 mg/l, above permissible limits, while total dissolved solids ranged from 601 to 615 mg/l, indicating potential water quality concerns.

What factors contribute to groundwater contamination according to the study?

Groundwater contamination can result from urbanization, industrial waste, and agricultural chemical usage, which affects the overall water quality in the region.

Glossary definitions and references:

Scientific and Ayurvedic Glossary list for “Quality assessment of open well water for human use in Pollachi, TN.”. This list explains important keywords that occur in this article and links it to the glossary for a better understanding of that concept in the context of Ayurveda and other topics.

1) Water:
Water is a vital resource for all forms of life, and its quality directly impacts human health and the environment. This study focuses on the assessment of open well water quality in Pollachi, Tamilnadu, to determine its suitability for drinking and possible contamination risks associated with urbanization and agricultural practices.

2) India:
India is a diverse nation experiencing rapid urbanization and industrialization, which significantly affects its water resources. The country faces challenges related to water quality due to pollution from domestic and industrial waste, agricultural runoff, and inadequate waste management, making this study on water quality particularly relevant.

3) Quality:
Quality refers to the characteristics that determine the suitability of water for human use, including physical, chemical, and biological properties. The evaluation of water quality in Pollachi reveals both compliance and exceedance of certain parameters against international standards, highlighting the need for ongoing monitoring.

4) Tamilnadu (Tamil-nadu):
Similarly, 'Tamil-nadu' is another representation of Tamilnadu, emphasizing its geographic and cultural identity. The uniqueness of Tamilnadu, including its climate and agricultural practices, influences local water quality, making it crucial to consider these aspects when evaluating groundwater resources.

5) Study (Studying):
This study involves the systematic investigation of the chemical and physical properties of open well water in Pollachi. It aims to assess the water's suitability for drinking and the potential health risks posed by contaminants, presenting findings that can inform local water management policies.

6) Salt (Salty):
In the context of water quality, salt refers to the various dissolved solids that can impact the taste and safety of drinking water. High total dissolved solids (TDS) can indicate pollution and affect the palatability of water, necessitating stringent monitoring to ensure public health.

7) Science (Scientific):
Science plays a key role in understanding water quality assessment and the implications of various contaminants. The use of scientific methodologies to analyze water samples ensures accurate results, which are essential for making informed decisions regarding water safety and public health.

8) Tamil:
Tamil refers to the language and culture prevalent in Tamilnadu. The local customs and practices may influence water usage and management behaviors among the community, making cultural consideration an important aspect of any study related to water resources in the region.

9) Nadu:
'Nadu' means 'land' or 'country' in Tamil, highlighting the regional significance of Tamilnadu. Understanding local terminology connects the water quality discussion to the community's identity and emphasizes the importance of culturally-sensitive approaches in environmental resource management.

10) Soil:
Soil contributes to the chemical composition of groundwater through its interaction with water. The properties of soil in Pollachi may influence groundwater contamination levels, making it an important factor to consider in studies assessing water quality for human consumption.

11) Santhi (Shamthi):
Shanthi is one of the researchers involved in this study. The contributions of individual scientists and experts are essential as their expertise ensures thorough data analysis and interpretation, leading to accurate assessments and conclusions regarding water quality and public health.

12) Summer:
Summer months can affect water quality due to elevated temperatures and reduced water levels, which may lead to increased concentrations of pollutants. Seasonal variations are significant in water studies, influencing the chemical parameters that are assessed to determine usability for drinking.

13) Table:
Tables in research papers summarize critical data concisely, allowing easy reference to key results, such as water quality parameters. They are essential for presenting findings in a structured format that aids in comprehension and comparison of various water samples analyzed in the study.

14) New Delhi:
New Delhi is the capital city of India and represents a significant urban center with its own water quality challenges. As a point of reference, studies from New Delhi can provide insights into the broader implications of urban pollution on water sources across India.

15) Shyamala (Syamala):
Shyamala is another researcher contributing to the study, highlighting the collaborative effort in conducting thorough water quality assessments. The input of multiple researchers provides diverse perspectives and enhances the credibility and depth of the study's findings.

16) Surface:
Surface water bodies can serve as potential sources of contamination for groundwater. Understanding the relationship between surface and groundwater quality is vital for comprehensive assessments and effective management practices aimed at ensuring safe drinking water supplies.

17) Indian:
Describing anything related to India, this term in the context of water quality reflects the unique environmental and socio-economic challenges faced by the country. Each region exhibits distinct characteristics that influence water management decisions and strategies employed to safeguard public health.

18) Delhi:
Delhi symbolizes a large urban area grappling with significant water quality issues, including pollution from rapid urban growth and industrial activities. Findings from studies in regions like Delhi can inform stakeholders about the vital need for improved water management practices.

19) Perur:
Perur is an area in Coimbatore, Tamilnadu, mentioned in the research. Studies in such specific localities contribute valuable data to broader assessments of water quality across different regions, highlighting local variances and challenges in achieving safe water standards.

20) Joti:
Jothi is one of the locations from which water samples were analyzed in the study. Identifying specific sampling sites allows researchers to detect spatial variations in water quality, which is essential for targeted interventions in water management and pollution control.

21) Post:
Post refers to conditions or parameters measured following a particular event or season, crucial for understanding how changes over time influence water quality. It is important to assess these variations to identify trends that impact drinking water safety.

22) Human body:
The human body relies heavily on clean water for essential functions. Assessing water quality is vital for public health as contaminated drinking water can lead to serious health issues, including gastrointestinal disorders and other long-term health effects.

23) Maharashtra (Maharastra, Maha-rashtra):
Maharashtra is another Indian state facing challenges with freshwater quality. Comparisons between regions such as Tamilnadu and Maharashtra can yield insights into how diverse environmental practices and regulations impact the safety and quality of water resources.

24) Agriculture:
Agriculture significantly influences water quality through the use of fertilizers and pesticides, leading to potential groundwater contamination. Understanding agricultural practices in the region helps identify sources of water pollution and informs strategies for sustainable farming and water conservation.

25) Observation:
Observation is a key aspect of scientific inquiry, involving the systematic examination and measurement of water quality parameters. Diligent observation ensures accurate data collection, which forms the foundation of meaningful analysis and helps inform necessary actions regarding water safety.

26) Courtallam:
Courtallam, a region known for its waterfalls, indicates a specific area where water quality may be scrutinized. Regional studies such as those focused on Courtallam can uncover unique challenges and conditions affecting local water bodies and their usage.

27) Ahmednagar:
Ahmednagar, a district in Maharashtra, represents another geographic area where water quality studies have been conducted. Comparing findings from different districts aids in understanding the broader water quality challenges faced within the diverse contexts of India.

28) Discussion:
Discussion in research allows for the interpretation of findings, providing essential context and implications of results. Engaging in discussions about water quality can lead to actionable insights, fostering collaborative efforts to address water safety and public health concerns.

29) Developing:
Developing countries like India often face increased pressures on water resources due to population growth and industrialization, leading to challenges in water quality management. Understanding these dynamics helps policymakers create more effective strategies to ensure safe drinking water access.

30) Irritation:
Irritation refers to adverse reactions that may arise from contaminated water consumption. The study is critical for identifying potential health impacts related to high levels of certain chemicals, thereby emphasizing the need for stringent water quality standards.

31) Substance:
Substance in the context of water quality refers to chemicals or compounds present in water. Identifying harmful substances is essential for assessing water quality and protecting public health from the adverse effects of contaminated drinking water.

32) Container:
Containers used for water sample collection must be sterile and appropriate to prevent contamination during transport. Ensuring the integrity of samples is crucial for accurate analysis and findings in water quality assessments.

33) Pesticide:
Pesticides are chemicals used in agriculture, often leading to water contamination through runoff. Evaluating water samples for pesticide residues is important for assessing the safety of drinking water and ensuring public health protection.

34) Activity:
Human activity significantly influences water quality, from urban development to agricultural practices. Understanding the impacts of different activities helps identify pollution sources and informs strategies for maintaining high water quality standards.

35) Chandra:
Chandra is potentially another researcher collaborating on this study, emphasizing the importance of combined expertise in evaluating water quality risks. Such collaborations enhance the reliability of findings and their implementation in public health interventions.

36) Cuttack:
Cuttack, a city in India, showcases regional water quality research relevance. Comparison of water studies across various cities such as Cuttack and Pollachi underscores the importance of localized assessments to address specific pollution challenges.

37) Village:
Villages are often communities primarily reliant on groundwater, and understanding their water quality needs is vital. The findings of the study can guide actions to ensure safe drinking water access for rural populations.

38) Mineral:
Minerals present in water such as calcium and magnesium can impact its quality. Monitoring mineral levels is significant for assessing water suitability and identifying potential health effects of consuming water with high mineral content.

39) Company:
The involvement of research companies can enhance scientific studies on water quality, facilitating resource access and diverse expertise. Collaborations with companies can lead to impactful findings that inform water management policies.

40) Rashmi (Rasmi):
Rashmi is likely a researcher associated with the study, highlighting the collaborative nature of scientific inquiry. Team contributions are critical in ensuring comprehensive assessments and producing reliable findings regarding water quality.

41) Shanti (Santi, Samti, Shamti):
Shanti often refers to peace in the Tamil language. In this study context, Shanti represents one of the researchers involved, further emphasizing the collaborative aspect of the research team focused on water quality assessments.

42) Balaji:
Balaji could be another researcher contributing to the study, showcasing the collaborative effort in assessing water quality. Contributions from various researchers enrich the depth of analysis and reinforce findings related to the subject matter.

43) Ranjan (Ramjan):
Ranjan may also be one of the researchers engaged in examining water quality, contributing to the diverse expertise within the study. The collaborative team approach helps ensure comprehensive evaluation and understanding of water contamination issues.

44) Nausea:
Nausea can be a symptom resulting from consuming contaminated water. Identifying causes of nausea linked to water quality can lead to necessary interventions aimed at reducing health risks and improving public safety.

45) Bitter:
Bitter taste in water is often an indicator of contamination. Understanding sensory properties of water is vital for assessing drinking water quality, as poor taste can affect water consumption behaviors among communities.

46) Rajan:
Rajan is likely another contributor to the study, adding to the collaborative research efforts on water quality. Contributions from a diverse group of researchers enhance the study's credibility and the validity of its conclusions.

47) Kumar:
Kumar represents common naming in India, indicating a researcher potentially involved in the study. The inputs of various experts are crucial for ensuring a comprehensive evaluation of water quality across different sampling sites.

48) Malik:
Malik may denote a researcher involved in the study, showcasing the collaborative nature of health and environmental assessments. Diverse expertise among researchers contributes to a more rounded understanding of regional water quality concerns.

49) Glass:
Glass refers to the containers used to collect and transport water samples. Utilizing appropriate sterilized materials is critical to avoid contamination and ensure the accuracy of water analyses aimed at assessing quality.

50) Annal:
Annal might refer to academic works or records documenting the findings related to water quality studies. Literature reviews are valuable for contextualizing research and understanding the broader implications of findings in public health policy.

51) Field:
Field refers to work conducted outdoors where water samples are collected for quality analysis. Field studies are critical in gathering real-time data that reflects local environmental conditions affecting water quality.

52) House:
House can refer to structures in which people live, indicating the importance of assessing water supply to residential areas. Water quality is essential for household use, making it vital to monitor and ensure safety.

53) Tata:
Tata could reference Tata Group, a major conglomerate in India known for various businesses including water and energy. Their involvement could impact industrial practices affecting water quality within the region.

54) Fish:
Fish can be indicators of aquatic ecosystem health. Analyzing the impacts of water quality on fish populations reflects broader environmental health, emphasizing the interconnectedness between water safety and biodiversity.

55) Rich (Rch):
Rich refers to water bodies with high levels of nutrients that support diverse life forms. Understanding the nutrient dynamics within local water bodies is essential for managing water quality to maintain ecosystem health.

56) Pur:
Poor water quality can have severe consequences for health and the environment. Assessing and addressing factors that lead to poor water quality is critical for protecting communities and ensuring sustainable water resources.

Other Science Concepts:

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Discover the significance of concepts within the article: ‘Quality assessment of open well water for human use in Pollachi, TN.’. Further sources in the context of Science might help you critically compare this page with similair documents:

Drinking water, Seasonal variation, Physico-chemical parameters, PH value, Physico-chemical properties, Electrical conductivity, Total Alkalinity, Water quality, Buffering capacity, Sample collection, Current study, Acidity or Alkalinity, Calcium and magnesium, Total dissolved solid, Groundwater quality, Drinking water standards, Groundwater Contamination, Quality of open well water, Chemical analysis of water, Ground water contamination, High calcium and magnesium, Nitrate concentration, Chemical substances in agriculture, Residential area, Polluted aquatic ecosystem, Venkatesa colony, Mahalingapuram, Jothi Nagar, Kandasamy Chettiar Park, Shanmugapriyan et al., Fresh water bodies, Domestic Sewage, Over exploitation, Water quality standard, Quality standard, Monitoring and assessment, Open well water, Sulphate and chloride, Agricultural market, Municipal sewage, Urban wash off, Poor waste disposal, Bore well water samples, Hardness and chlorides.

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