Journal name: World Journal of Pharmaceutical Research
Original article title: Various medicament used in wound healing
The WJPR includes peer-reviewed publications such as scientific research papers, reports, review articles, company news, thesis reports and case studies in areas of Biology, Pharmaceutical industries and Chemical technology while incorporating ancient fields of knowledge such combining Ayurveda with scientific data.
This page presents a generated summary with additional references; See source (below) for actual content.
Subtitle: a review
Original source:
This page is merely a summary which is automatically generated hence you should visit the source to read the original article which includes the author, publication date, notes and references.
Akanksha Kulshreshtha, Preeti Bhadauria and Vandna Sikarwar
World Journal of Pharmaceutical Research:
(An ISO 9001:2015 Certified International Journal)
Full text available for: Various medicament used in wound healing
Source type: An International Peer Reviewed Journal for Pharmaceutical and Medical and Scientific Research
Copyright (license): WJPR: All rights reserved
Download the PDF file of the original publication
Summary of article contents:
Introduction
Wound healing is a complex physiological process that involves a series of coordinated interactions among various cell types, cytokines, and the extracellular matrix. The wound healing process is divided into distinct phases: hemostasis, inflammation, proliferation, and remodeling. Each phase overlaps with the others, resulting in a continuous wound healing response. Successful healing is contingent upon sufficient blood supply and nutrients, which are influenced by the overall health and nutritional status of the patient. Wounds are broadly classified into two categories: acute, which undergo a typical healing process, and chronic, which fail to heal properly despite the body’s efforts. The review compiles various medicaments that have been shown to aid wound healing in animal models.
Role of Activated Protein C in Wound Healing
Activated Protein C (APC) has been identified as a significant promoter of wound healing. Research indicates that APC enhances the migration and proliferation of key cell types, including endothelial and keratinocyte cells. In in vivo studies on rats, APC has demonstrated a significant improvement in wound healing compared to saline controls. This is achieved through upregulation of matrix metalloproteinase (MMP-2) activity, increased angiogenesis, promotion of re-epithelialization, and reduction in inflammation. These attributes suggest that APC is a promising therapeutic agent particularly useful in managing chronic wounds.
Impact of Inducible Nitric Oxide Synthase (iNOS)
Inducible Nitric Oxide Synthase (iNOS) plays a crucial role in normal wound repair by facilitating wound closure. Studies involving iNOS knockout mice revealed a 31% delay in wound closure compared to wild-type mice, indicating the essential involvement of nitric oxide in the healing process. The application of an adenoviral vector delivering human iNOS cDNA reversed the healing delay in iNOS-deficient mice. These findings highlight the significance of iNOS in enhancing wound healing, particularly in conditions that impair normal healing processes, such as diabetes.
Effects of Platelet-Derived Growth Factor (PDGF)
Platelet-Derived Growth Factor (PDGF) is another vital medicament studied for its role in wound healing. In experiments using a rat model, the application of PDGF led to a statistically significant increase in the breaking strength of incisional wounds. Specifically, the treatment produced wounds that were 170% stronger, accelerating the healing process by two to six days, compared to controls. The positive effects of PDGF on wound healing have been linked to its mitogenic and chemotactic properties, promoting increased granulation tissue formation and inflammation, which are essential in the early stages of healing.
Conclusion
The review highlights various medicaments that contribute to wound healing, including Activated Protein C, Inducible Nitric Oxide Synthase, and Platelet-Derived Growth Factor. Each of these agents plays a specific role in enhancing various aspects of the healing process, from cell migration and proliferation to improving tensile strength in wounds. Understanding these mechanisms opens new avenues for therapeutic interventions in wound care, particularly for chronic wounds that resist conventional healing methods. Further research is essential to elucidate the full potential and practical applications of these medicaments in clinical settings.
FAQ section (important questions/answers):
What are the phases involved in the wound healing process?
Wound healing consists of four main phases: hemostasis, inflammation, proliferation, and remodeling. Each phase is distinct yet continuous, often overlapping as the body responds to injury.
What role does activated protein C (APC) play in wound healing?
Activated protein C promotes endothelial cell and keratinocyte migration and proliferation, enhancing wound healing by increasing angiogenesis, re-epithelialization, and reducing inflammation.
How does inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) affect wound healing?
iNOS is crucial for normal wound repair; its deficiency delays healing. Administration of iNOS can reverse this effect, promoting wound closure and improving healing outcomes.
What impact do calcium channel blockers have on wound healing?
Calcium channel blockers, like nifedipine and amlodipine, can enhance wound healing, especially when steroid use suppresses healing, by altering intracellular calcium levels and exhibiting antioxidant properties.
How does extracorporeal shock-wave therapy (ESWT) assist in wound healing?
ESWT significantly accelerates chronic wound healing through increased neo-angiogenesis and tissue regeneration, particularly in diabetic models, enhancing the overall healing process.
What beneficial effects does human urine have on burn wounds?
Human urine shows wound healing activity on burn wounds, attributed to its antibacterial, antioxidant, and growth-promoting effects, leading to faster epithelialization and wound contraction.
Glossary definitions and references:
Scientific and Ayurvedic Glossary list for “Various medicament used in wound healing”. This list explains important keywords that occur in this article and links it to the glossary for a better understanding of that concept in the context of Ayurveda and other topics.
1) Activity:
Activity refers to the functional operations or actions performed by biological agents, such as drugs or cells, within a specific context. In wound healing, various medications enhance cellular activities, such as proliferation and migration, which are essential for tissue regeneration and recovery from injuries.
2) Inflammation:
Inflammation is the body's response to tissue injury or infection, characterized by redness, swelling, and pain. It is a critical phase in wound healing that facilitates the removal of pathogens and debris, allowing for the subsequent healing processes to take place, including tissue repair and regeneration.
3) Channel:
Channel denotes biological pathways or gates that facilitate the movement of ions or molecules across cell membranes. In pharmacology, channels such as calcium ion channels play a pivotal role in cellular signaling and activities beneficial for wound healing, influencing cell migration and fibroblast function.
4) Akanksha (Ākāṅkṣā, Ākāṅkṣa, Ākāṃkṣā, Akamksha, A-kamksha):
Akanksha Kulshreshtha is one of the authors of the referenced review article. As a pharmacology researcher, her contributions are important for understanding drug mechanisms in promoting wound healing. This reflects the collaborative efforts in scientific investigations to develop effective treatments for healing injuries.
5) Animal:
Animal refers to test subjects used in research studies to evaluate the efficacy and safety of treatments. Most studies on wound healing utilize animal models to better understand the biological processes and impacts of various medicaments before they are tested in humans, ensuring deeper insights into treatment outcomes.
6) Incision:
An incision is a surgical cut made in the skin or tissue during a medical procedure. In studies related to wound healing, incision models are often employed to analyze healing responses, assess therapeutic substances, and examine how different treatments can enhance the repair processes.
7) Agra:
Agra is a city in India, home to the Institute College of Pharmacy, where the authors of the study reside. The location signifies the collaborative academic environment that fosters research in pharmaceutical sciences, influencing advancements in therapeutic applications, including those related to wound care.
8) Pharmacology:
Pharmacology is the branch of medicine that studies drugs, their effects, mechanisms of action, and therapeutic uses. It is integral to understanding how various medicaments influence processes like wound healing, allowing researchers to develop innovative treatments based on drug interactions within the body.
9) Repair:
Repair refers to the biological processes involved in restoring tissue integrity and function after injury. In wound healing, repair encompasses several overlapping phases, such as hemostasis, inflammation, proliferation, and remodeling, which are critical for effective recovery and restoration of normal skin function.
10) Burning (Burn, Burned, Burnt):
Burns are injuries to the skin caused by heat, chemicals, or radiation, leading to tissue damage. In the context of this study, exploring medicaments for burn wound healing emphasizes the importance of understanding unique challenges and treatment options for various types of wounds.
11) Antibiotic (Antibacterial):
Antibacterial refers to agents that kill or inhibit the growth of bacteria. In wound healing, antibacterial treatments are essential in preventing infections that can complicate healing processes. Effective use of antibacterials can lead to improved healing times and better outcomes in wound management.
12) Wounded:
Wounded describes individuals or animals that have sustained injuries, specifically broken skin or tissue. The relevance in the context of the study relates to the focus on various treatments aimed at promoting the healing processes for these wounded subjects, facilitating recovery.
13) Nature:
Nature represents the inherent characteristics and biological processes of living organisms. In wound healing, understanding the nature of wounds—whether acute or chronic—is essential for developing targeted treatment strategies that align with the body's natural healing mechanisms.
14) Campu (Campū, Cāmpu):
Campu likely refers to 'Campus,' indicating an educational institution's grounds or the space where academic activities occur, facilitating research and collaboration. In this context, it highlights the environment where critical studies, such as those on wound healing, take place.
15) Ulcer:
Ulcer refers to a sore or wound, typically on the skin or mucous membranes, resulting from the shedding of tissue. Chronic ulcers pose significant challenges in wound management, emphasizing the need for effective treatment strategies to facilitate healing and restore tissue integrity.
16) Table:
Table denotes a structured presentation of data or information, which is often used in scientific literature to summarize findings. In this review, a table categorizing various medicaments and their therapeutic uses aids in elucidating the complex interactions involved in the wound healing process.
17) Blood:
Blood is a vital fluid that circulates in the body, providing nutrients, oxygen, and immune cells to tissues. Adequate blood supply is crucial for successful wound healing, as it delivers essential components that facilitate the various healing phases and contribute to tissue repair.
18) Drug:
Drug refers to a chemical substance used for therapeutic purposes. In the context of wound healing, various drugs are explored for their specific mechanisms of action in promoting repair processes, reducing inflammation, and enhancing the overall efficacy of healing treatments.
19) Male (Mālē):
Male signifies the gender often used in animal studies to control biological variables. In research on wound healing, using male subjects is common practice; it allows for consistency in results, as hormonal influences on healing processes can differ between genders.
Other Science Concepts:
Discover the significance of concepts within the article: ‘Various medicament used in wound healing’. Further sources in the context of Science might help you critically compare this page with similair documents:
Keyword, Human urine, Wound healing, Treatment strategies, Nutritional status, Chronic Wound, Inflammatory Phase, Nutritional support, Wound care, Activated protein C, Extracorporeal shock wave therapy, Calcium channel blocker, Platelet-derived growth factor, Acute wound, Cell types, Inducible nitric oxide synthase.