Balanced unbalanced diet its implications and treatment

a review

| Posted in: Science

Journal name: World Journal of Pharmaceutical Research
Original article title: Balanced unbalanced diet its implications and treatment
The WJPR includes peer-reviewed publications such as scientific research papers, reports, review articles, company news, thesis reports and case studies in areas of Biology, Pharmaceutical industries and Chemical technology while incorporating ancient fields of knowledge such combining Ayurveda with scientific data.
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Subtitle: a review

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Author:

Sonali Savalsure, Ram S. Pentewar, Nishigandha Nadiwade, Vaishali Satpute, Ghodake Kajal and B.K.Sugave


World Journal of Pharmaceutical Research:

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Full text available for: Balanced unbalanced diet its implications and treatment

Source type: An International Peer Reviewed Journal for Pharmaceutical and Medical and Scientific Research

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Summary of article contents:

Introduction

A balanced diet is essential for maintaining overall health, energy, and proper body function. It encompasses a variety of food groups providing the necessary nutrients, including carbohydrates, proteins, fats, vitamins, and minerals, to support normal growth, development, and metabolic processes. Conversely, an unbalanced diet can lead to malnutrition and various health complications due to an excess or deficiency of certain nutrients. This review discusses the implications of balanced and unbalanced diets, the consequences of malnutrition, and outlines specific dietary disorders and their management.

Importance of a Balanced Diet

A balanced diet comprises appropriate proportions of essential nutrients that enhance metabolic functions within the body. Key components include healthy carbohydrates, such as whole grains and legumes, which serve as the body's primary energy source and help regulate blood sugar levels. Additionally, healthy fats from sources like fish and nuts play a vital role in hormone production and nutrient absorption. Proteins are critical for growth and repair, while vitamins and minerals support various bodily functions, such as immunity and bone health. The World Health Organization emphasizes the importance of a balanced diet, recommending strategies for healthy eating to prevent malnutrition and related disorders.

Malnutrition and Its Consequences

Malnutrition arises when an individual's diet is deficient, excessive, or unbalanced concerning nutrient intake, leading to various nutritional disorders. The World Health Organization considers malnutrition a significant public health threat, impacting vulnerable populations such as women, children, and the elderly. It can manifest in different forms, including undernutrition and overnutrition, contributing to health issues like obesity, anemia, diabetes, and weakened immune response. Long-term malnutrition can compromise growth and development, particularly in children, stressing the need for dietary education and community management initiatives to address nutritional deficiencies.

Dietary Disorders and Management

Several dietary disorders stem from malnutrition, including beriberi, pellagra, rickets, scurvy, kwashiorkor, and marasmus, each linked to specific nutrient deficiencies. For instance, beriberi is caused by a lack of thiamine (vitamin B1), presenting symptoms such as fatigue and cardiovascular complications. Pellagra is associated with niacin deficiency, marked by dermatitis, diarrhea, and dementia. Treatment strategies typically involve nutrient supplementation and dietary adjustments to restore balance. Understanding these disorders highlights the critical role of proper nutrition and dietary planning in optimizing health outcomes.

Conclusion

In summary, a balanced diet is fundamental for maintaining health and preventing malnutrition and its related disorders. Implementing a diet rich in varied nutrients helps support physical well-being and reduce the risk of nutritional deficiencies. Awareness and education about dietary needs, along with proper management of existing malnutrition-related conditions, are crucial for fostering better health, particularly in at-risk populations. Future efforts should focus on promoting nutritional education and accessible dietary resources to enhance overall community health.

FAQ section (important questions/answers):

What constitutes a balanced diet for optimal health?

A balanced diet includes appropriate proportions of carbohydrates, fats, proteins, fibers, vitamins, and minerals to maintain health, energy, and support normal growth and development. It prevents malnutrition and related health issues.

What are common nutritional disorders caused by malnutrition?

Nutritional disorders from malnutrition include beriberi, pellagra, rickets, scurvy, kwashiorkor, and marasmus, resulting from deficiencies or imbalances in essential nutrients like vitamins and proteins.

What key components should be included in a balanced diet?

Key components of a balanced diet are healthy carbohydrates, unsaturated fats, proteins, fibers, vitamins, and minerals. Incorporating a variety of fruits, vegetables, whole grains, and lean proteins is essential.

How can someone effectively manage their dietary intake?

To manage dietary intake, focus on portion control, maintain a balanced variety in foods, limit processed foods and added sugars, and ensure adequate hydration through water and other healthy beverages.

What are the treatments available for common nutritional deficiencies?

Treatments vary by deficiency but can include dietary changes, vitamin supplementation, or medical interventions like injections for deficiencies in vitamins like B12 or C and rehydration for imbalances.

Why is it important to maintain a balanced diet throughout life?

Maintaining a balanced diet is crucial throughout life to support growth, development, prevent nutritional deficiencies, boost immunity, maintain a healthy weight, and reduce the risk of chronic diseases.

Glossary definitions and references:

Scientific and Ayurvedic Glossary list for “Balanced unbalanced diet its implications and treatment”. This list explains important keywords that occur in this article and links it to the glossary for a better understanding of that concept in the context of Ayurveda and other topics.

1) Diet:
Diet refers to the selection of foods and beverages consumed by an individual. It is crucial for providing necessary nutrients and energy, impacting overall health, growth, and development. A balanced diet ensures adequate levels of vitamins, minerals, protein, carbohydrates, and healthy fats while minimizing unhealthy ingredients that may lead to diseases.

2) Food:
Food is any substance consumed to provide nutritional support for the body. It typically consists of macronutrients (like carbohydrates, proteins, and fats) and micronutrients (like vitamins and minerals). Proper food choices influence health, growth, and energy levels, while inadequate or poor-quality food can lead to malnutrition and health issues.

3) Blood:
Blood is a vital fluid in the body, responsible for transporting oxygen, nutrients, and hormones to cells, while carrying waste products to excretory organs. Blood composition, including red blood cells, plasma, and platelets, impacts overall health. Disorders such as anemia arise from deficiencies in blood components, affecting vitality and function.

4) Meat:
Meat is animal flesh that serves as a rich source of protein, essential amino acids, and various nutrients such as iron, zinc, and B vitamins. It plays a significant role in human nutrition and dietary practices. However, excessive intake of processed meats may lead to health issues, including heart disease and cancer.

5) Water:
Water is essential for life, constituting a significant portion of the human body. It plays critical roles in various physiological processes, including digestion, temperature regulation, and waste elimination. Adequate hydration is crucial for maintaining health, and dehydration can lead to serious complications, highlighting the importance of water in a balanced diet.

6) Malnutrition:
Malnutrition refers to a condition resulting from an unbalanced diet, which can be characterized by deficiencies or excesses of nutrients. It can lead to various health disorders, reflecting poor dietary choices. Addressing malnutrition involves promoting balanced diets to ensure optimal nutrition and prevent associated health issues across different populations.

7) Disease:
Disease refers to a state of abnormal functioning in the body, often resulting from pathogens, malnutrition, or genetic factors. Nutrition plays a vital role in disease prevention. A balanced diet can mitigate the risk of various conditions, while poor dietary habits can contribute to the development and exacerbation of diseases.

8) Fish:
Fish is a significant dietary source of protein and omega-3 fatty acids, which are important for cardiovascular health and brain function. Regular consumption of fish can reduce the risk of chronic diseases. However, awareness of potential contaminants in fish, such as mercury, is essential for safe consumption.

9) Sugar:
Sugar is a simple carbohydrate that provides quick energy but can lead to health issues when consumed excessively. High sugar intake is linked to obesity, type 2 diabetes, and dental problems. Reducing added sugars while focusing on natural sources is crucial for maintaining overall health and preventing metabolic disorders.

10) Sign:
A sign is an observable indication of a condition or disease, often used by healthcare professionals to aid in diagnosis. In nutrition, signs can include physical symptoms of nutrient deficiencies or imbalances, such as pallor in anemia or edema in kwashiorkor, helping to guide dietary interventions and treatment plans.

11) Milk:
Milk is a nutrient-rich liquid produced by mammals. It serves as a primary source of calcium, vitamin D, and protein, essential for bone health and overall development. Consuming milk and dairy products can help prevent deficiencies, though lactose intolerance may affect many individuals' ability to consume these products effectively.

12) Rich (Ṛch):
Rich, in the context of nutrition, refers to foods high in particular nutrients. Certain foods are considered rich in vitamins, minerals, or other beneficial compounds. Incorporating nutrient-dense foods into the diet is essential for maintaining health and preventing deficiencies, promoting overall well-being and providing energy for daily activities.

13) Mineral:
Minerals are inorganic substances essential for various physiological functions in the body, contributing to processes such as bone formation, nerve transmission, and enzyme activity. Deficiencies or imbalances in minerals can lead to significant health issues. A balanced diet must include food sources rich in essential minerals to support overall health.

14) Edema (Oedema):
Oedema is a condition involving swelling caused by excess fluid accumulation in tissues, often linked to malnutrition or health disorders. Proper nutrition is essential to manage oedema by addressing underlying causes, ensuring adequate hydration, and promoting a balanced diet to alleviate symptoms and improve health.

15) Rice (Ṛce):
Rice is a staple carbohydrate source globally, providing essential energy and nutrients for many populations. It serves as a primary food in various cuisines, while brown rice offers additional fiber and nutrients compared to white rice. However, excessive reliance on rice without variety can lead to nutrient deficiencies over time.

16) Drug:
Drugs are substances used to diagnose, treat, or prevent diseases. In the context of nutrition, certain drugs may be used to address nutritional deficiencies or associated conditions. It is crucial to manage drug use responsibly, as some can have adverse effects when combined with specific dietary components or in cases of malnutrition.

17) Vomiting:
Vomiting is the involuntary expulsion of stomach contents, which can result from various causes such as illness, food intolerances, or poisoning. It may lead to dehydration and nutrient deficiencies if persistent. Addressing the underlying cause and maintaining hydration is essential to manage the impacts of vomiting effectively.

18) Swelling:
Swelling is the enlargement of tissues due to fluid accumulation, inflammation, or other factors. It can indicate underlying issues such as infection or malnutrition, specifically in conditions like kwashiorkor. Identifying the cause of swelling is crucial for appropriate management and intervention to restore normal function and alleviate symptoms.

19) Bleeding:
Bleeding refers to the loss of blood from the vascular system, which can range from minor cuts to severe hemorrhage. It's often linked with nutritional deficiencies like vitamin K or C. Proper diet and timely medical intervention are critical in managing bleeding to prevent complications and promote healing.

20) Animal:
Animal products are significant sources of protein, fats, vitamins, and minerals in diets worldwide. They contribute to nutritional needs effectively, but excessive consumption of processed animal products can pose health risks. A balanced diet should incorporate appropriate amounts of animal-derived foods alongside plant-based sources for optimal health.

21) Lemon:
Lemon is a citrus fruit known for its high vitamin C content and potential health benefits. It aids in boosting immunity, enhancing collagen synthesis, and providing antioxidants. Incorporating lemon into the diet can help prevent deficiencies like scurvy and improve overall health when included as part of a balanced dietary regimen.

22) Death:
Death can be the ultimate consequence of malnutrition, disease, or severe nutritional deficiencies. It underscores the importance of maintaining a balanced diet to support health, prevent diseases, and ensure proper physiological functioning. Addressing nutritional needs plays a crucial role in reducing mortality related to preventable health conditions.

23) Hair:
Hair health is influenced by nutrition; deficiencies in vitamins and minerals can lead to hair loss or poor quality. Nutrients such as biotin, vitamin D, and iron are vital for healthy hair. Ensuring adequate intake of these nutrients can promote hair growth and overall scalp health, enhancing physical appearance.

24) Pur (Pūr):
Poor nutrition is characterized by inadequate intake of essential nutrients, often resulting in health issues like malnutrition and various chronic diseases. It highlights the need for dietary improvements across populations to enhance health outcomes and prevent dietary-related disorders, which can affect growth, development, and well-being.

25) Blindness:
Blindness can result from nutritional deficiencies, particularly vitamin A deficiency, leading to critical vision problems. Ensuring adequate intake of vitamin A through dietary sources like carrots, leafy greens, and fish can help prevent blindness. This emphasizes the importance of a balanced diet for maintaining eye health and preventing vision impairment.

26) Activity:
Physical activity is essential for maintaining health, promoting fitness, and balancing energy expenditure with nutrition. Regular exercise supports overall well-being by enhancing cardiovascular health and metabolic function. Adequate nutrition fuels physical activity and aids recovery, establishing a crucial relationship between diet, exercise, and health.

27) Nausea:
Nausea is the feeling of unease in the stomach often preceding vomiting. It can be triggered by various factors, including dietary indiscretions and infections. Nutritional interventions such as consuming bland foods and staying hydrated can help alleviate nausea while addressing its underlying cause is crucial for long-term relief.

28) Reason:
Reason refers to the rationale behind dietary choices, including health benefits, personal preferences, cultural practices, and accessibility. Understanding the reasons for choosing specific foods can aid in making informed dietary decisions, promoting a balanced diet, and addressing nutritional needs relevant to individual lifestyle and health goals.

29) Famine:
Famine is an extreme scarcity of food resulting in widespread hunger and malnutrition. It often leads to severe health consequences, particularly in vulnerable populations such as children and the elderly. Addressing famine requires comprehensive strategies, including food security initiatives, agricultural support, and nutritional assistance to mitigate its impact.

30) Medium:
Medium can refer to the means or method through which nutritional information is disseminated, including channels like books, online platforms, or educational programs. Access to reliable nutritional information is essential for making informed dietary choices and improving health, emphasizing the need for effective communication methods in nutrition education.

31) Ulcer:
An ulcer is a sore that develops on the lining of the stomach or intestines, often caused by an imbalance of digestive acids or bacteria. Nutrition plays a vital role in management; avoiding irritating substances and ensuring a diet rich in healing foods can facilitate recovery and help prevent further complications.

32) Table:
A table often refers to a structured summary or chart detailing nutritional values, dietary guidelines, or serving recommendations. Such tables serve as practical tools for individuals and healthcare professionals to assess and plan diets effectively, ensuring nutritional needs are met while promoting balanced dietary habits.

33) Pulse:
Pulse can refer to both the heartbeat and to legumes like beans, lentils, and peas, which are significant sources of protein and fiber in diets. Pulses are crucial for vegetarian and balanced diets, providing essential nutrients while also promoting heart health and helping to regulate blood sugar levels.

34) Tree:
Tree nuts are nutrient-dense foods, providing healthy fats, protein, and essential micronutrients. They contribute positively to heart health and are often part of balanced dietary recommendations. Including a variety of tree nuts in the diet can enhance nutrition, but moderation is important due to their calorie density.

35) Coma:
Coma is a prolonged state of unconsciousness resulting from severe injury or medical conditions, sometimes linked to malnutrition. Poor dietary habits may contribute to conditions leading to coma. Timely nutritional intervention is vital during recovery to restore health and prevent complications, highlighting nutrition's role in critical care.

36) Food supply:
Food supply refers to the availability and accessibility of food for consumption, crucial for community health. Insufficient food supply can lead to malnutrition and hunger, stressing the importance of sustainable agricultural practices and food distribution systems in ensuring equitable access to essential nutrients and maintaining public health.

37) Antibiotic (Antibacterial):
Antibacterial substances are agents that inhibit the growth of bacteria, playing a critical role in nutrition concerning food safety. Proper food handling and preparation methods can prevent foodborne illnesses. Awareness of antibacterial properties in certain foods can enhance health protection, improving dietary safety.

38) Transmission:
Transmission in the context of nutrition often relates to the spread of pathogens through food and water sources. It emphasizes the importance of hygiene and safe food practices to prevent disease outbreaks. Understanding transmission routes is essential for educating individuals about food safety and preventing health risks.

39) Inflammation:
Inflammation is a natural response by the body to injury or infection; however, chronic inflammation can be detrimental and is associated with various diseases. Nutrition can influence inflammation levels, with certain anti-inflammatory foods helping to mitigate risks. A balanced diet is crucial in managing inflammation for overall health.

40) Observation:
Observation involves monitoring and assessing health status or dietary habits, critical in nutrition research and clinical practice. It helps identify deficiencies, excesses, and other dietary-related issues. Regular observation can guide dietary adjustments and promote health, making it fundamental for effective nutrition interventions.

41) Performance:
Performance, particularly in physical activity or cognitive tasks, is closely linked to nutrition. Adequate nutrient intake supports energy levels and functions, impacting athletic and daily performance. A balanced diet tailored to individual needs enhances performance outcomes and contributes to overall physical and mental well-being.

42) Surrounding:
Surrounding refers to the environment and conditions affecting food choices and dietary behaviors. Factors such as cultural influences, food availability, and socioeconomic status shape dietary habits. Understanding the surrounding context is essential for creating effective nutrition interventions and promoting healthier eating practices.

43) Battle-field (Battlefield):
Battlefields are often associated with military conflicts, but in a nutritional context, they may symbolize the struggles against malnutrition and food insecurity. Ensuring food supply and quality during crises is critical for maintaining soldier health and overall mission success, reinforcing the need for adequate nutrition in challenging environments.

44) Agriculture:
Agriculture is the practice of cultivating land and raising animals for food production. It plays a vital role in food supply and nutritional security, impacting dietary options available to populations. Sustainable agricultural practices are crucial for ensuring food quality and quantity to support global nutritional needs.

45) Butter milk (Buttermilk):
Buttermilk is a dairy product known for its probiotic properties and nutritional benefits. It is low in fat and high in vitamins and minerals, making it a healthy option for hydration and digestion. Incorporating buttermilk into diets can enhance nutrient intake and support gut health.

46) Perception:
Perception relates to an individual's understanding or interpretation of foods, diets, and nutrition. Personal and cultural perceptions can influence dietary choices and eating behaviors. A positive perception of healthy foods can encourage better eating habits and improved nutritional status among populations.

47) Developing:
Developing often refers to countries or regions experiencing growth, improvement, or transformation in various aspects, including nutrition. In developing nations, addressing malnutrition and access to nutritious foods is crucial for enhancing public health. Sustainable strategies are needed to improve dietary habits and nutritional outcomes.

48) Similarity:
Similarity refers to the resemblance or commonalities between different foods, diets, or health outcomes. Understanding similarities in nutrient profiles can help individuals make informed dietary choices. It also aids nutrition professionals in developing guidelines that promote food diversity while ensuring adequate nutrient intake.

49) Accumulation (Accumulating, Accumulate):
Accumulate refers to the gradual increase of substances, such as nutrients in the body or calories in the diet. Proper accumulation of essential nutrients is crucial for health and growth. However, excessive accumulation of calories or unhealthy substances can lead to obesity and related diseases.

50) Science (Scientific):
Scientific refers to knowledge derived from systematic studies and research. In nutrition, scientific principles and evidence-based practices are essential for understanding dietary needs, food interactions, and health impacts. Promoting scientific literacy in nutrition helps individuals make informed food choices to support their well-being.

51) Suffering:
Suffering often highlights the consequences of malnutrition and inadequate diet, leading to health complications, physical discomfort, and emotional distress. Addressing suffering associated with poor nutrition requires comprehensive interventions to improve food availability and dietary quality, ensuring that individuals can achieve better health outcomes.

52) Vaishali (Vaiśālī):
Vaishali is a name mentioned within specific contexts, potentially referring to an individual involved in nutrition or health-related studies. Names can reflect contributions to research and professional practices in the field of nutrition, emphasizing the importance of collaboration and expertise in addressing dietary challenges.

53) Dressing:
Dressing typically refers to condiments or additives used to enhance the flavor of foods or salads, impacting nutritional value. Some dressings may be high in unhealthy fats or sugars, while others can add beneficial nutrients. Selecting healthier dressings can enhance the overall quality of meals and contribute to a balanced diet.

54) Quality:
Quality in nutrition pertains to the inherent characteristics of food, such as nutrient density and safety. High-quality foods are essential for achieving optimal health. Focus on food quality promotes better dietary choices, leading to improved health outcomes and reduced risks of chronic diseases.

55) Hanging:
Hanging can refer to the method of preserving certain foods, particularly dried or cured products. Proper hanging techniques can enhance flavors while preventing spoilage. In the context of nutrition, understanding food preservation methods contributes to food safety and long-term availability of essential nutrients.

56) Soldier:
Soldiers are individuals who serve in the military and may have unique nutritional needs to maintain physical performance and health during service. Proper nutrition is critical for soldiers to enhance readiness and resilience, reinforcing the importance of a balanced diet tailored to their demanding lifestyle.

57) Account:
Account can refer to the record of food intake and nutritional habits an individual maintains. Keeping an account of dietary choices helps individuals understand their eating patterns, identify deficiencies, and make necessary adjustments to improve nutrition and health outcomes effectively.

58) Craving (Crave, Craved):
Craving represents a strong desire for specific foods, often influenced by emotional or physiological factors. Understanding and managing cravings can help individuals make healthier food choices, promote balanced eating, and avoid excessive intake of unhealthy foods, contributing to overall nutritional health.

59) Cancer:
Cancer refers to a group of diseases characterized by uncontrolled cell growth and proliferation, often linked to dietary factors. Nutrition plays a significant role in cancer prevention and management. Balanced diets rich in antioxidants, fibers, and healthy fats may reduce cancer risk, highlighting nutrition's importance in health promotion.

60) Farmer:
Farmers are individuals engaged in agriculture, responsible for producing food. Their role is vital for ensuring food supply and nutritional security. Supporting farmers through sustainable practices is crucial for enhancing food quality and availability, promoting better health outcomes for communities reliant on their produce.

61) Powder:
Powder in nutrition can refer to various food forms, such as protein powder or nutritional supplements. They provide concentrated sources of nutrients. However, reliance solely on powdered foods can lead to imbalances in nutrition. It's essential to complement them with whole foods for a balanced diet.

62) Horse:
Horses are discussed in nutritional contexts primarily related to their dietary needs. Proper nutrition is crucial for maintaining equine health. The understanding of equine nutrition can also provide insights into balanced diets, emphasizing the importance of appropriate dietary practices for health in various species.

63) Fever:
Fever is a body response indicating infection, illness, or inflammation, which may affect nutritional intake. High fever can suppress appetite and alter metabolism, impacting nutrient absorption. Addressing nutritional needs during illness is crucial to support recovery and health, underscoring the relationship between nutrition and bodily responses.

64) Birth:
Birth is a critical stage in development, during which proper maternal nutrition is vital to support fetal growth. Nutritional adequacy during pregnancy influences birth outcomes and healthy development. Ensuring proper nutrition before, during, and after birth is essential for promoting life-long health and well-being.

65) Soup:
Soup is a liquid dish typically made by boiling ingredients like vegetables, meat, or legumes in water. It can be nutritious, providing hydration and vitamins. Including soups in the diet enhances nutrient variety and can support overall health, particularly when made from whole, unprocessed ingredients.

66) Life:
Life reflects the biological existence of individuals, underscoring the importance of proper nutrition. Good nutrition promotes health, longevity, and vitality. A balanced diet is essential for sustaining life, preventing diseases, and enhancing quality of life, highlighting nutrition's role in overall well-being.

67) Fear:
Fear can relate to the psychology of eating and dietary choices, influencing eating behaviors. Fear of certain foods, diets, or health outcomes can lead to unhealthy eating patterns or avoidance of beneficial nutrients. Understanding these psychological aspects is important for developing healthier eating habits.

68) Bell:
Bell can refer to various contexts in nutrition, but in food, it may relate to bell peppers, which are nutrient-rich vegetables. They provide antioxidants, vitamins, and minerals, contributing to health. Including bell peppers in the diet can enhance overall nutrition and support healthy eating habits.

69) Ripe:
Ripe refers to the stage of fruit or vegetable development when they are ready for consumption. Ripe produce typically offers optimal flavor and nutritional value. Incorporating a variety of ripe fruits and vegetables into the diet is critical for obtaining essential nutrients and maintaining health.

70) Wall:
Wall may symbolize barriers to healthy eating, including socioeconomic challenges or food deserts. Understanding these barriers is essential in nutrition, emphasizing the importance of advocating for accessible and affordable healthy food options to improve dietary choices and health outcomes.

71) Line:
Line can refer to the connection between dietary choices and health outcomes. Understanding the line between healthy and unhealthy eating habits enables individuals to make informed decisions regarding nutrition. This awareness helps promote dietary practices that support overall health and well-being.

72) Hand:
Hand can symbolize the act of eating and food choices made by individuals. Understanding hand-to-mouth behaviors and portion sizes can influence dietary habits. Awareness of these aspects is essential for making conscious food choices that contribute to a balanced and healthy diet.

73) Salt (Salty):
Salt is a mineral essential for the body in moderation but can pose health risks when consumed excessively. High salt intake is linked to conditions like hypertension. Monitoring salt consumption and focusing on natural food sources helps maintain health, supporting the goal of dietary balance.

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