Evalution of manikya bhasma as neuroprotective activity in vivo

Glossary definitions and references:

Scientific and Ayurvedic Glossary list for “Evalution of manikya bhasma as neuroprotective activity in vivo”. This list explains important keywords that occur in this article and links it to the glossary for a better understanding of that concept in the context of Ayurveda and other topics.

1) Bhasma (Bhasman):
Bhasma refers to an Ayurvedic preparation obtained by incinerating metals or minerals to create a fine powder. It is believed to enhance the bioavailability and therapeutic properties of the original substances, allowing them to be safely administered for various health conditions, particularly in the realm of neuroprotection.

2) Manikya (Māṇikya, Māṇikyā):
Manikya, identified as ruby in Ayurvedic texts, is categorized under ratnas (gems) and is believed to possess numerous health benefits. Described as medhya, it is thought to enhance cognitive functions, supporting memory and overall mental health within traditional Ayurvedic practices.

3) Study (Studying):
The study aims to evaluate the neuroprotective effects of Manikya Bhasma in animal models. It involves systematic experimentation to analyze pharmacological effects, focusing on biochemical and histopathological parameters to ascertain the efficacy of Manikya Bhasma against neurodegenerative conditions.

4) Animal:
Animal models play a crucial role in biomedical research, allowing for the assessment of new treatments under controlled conditions. In this study, Swiss albino mice are utilized to evaluate the neuroprotective action of Manikya Bhasma, simulating human disease conditions in a living system.

5) Toxicity:
Toxicity refers to the harmful effects of substances on living organisms. Understanding toxicity is essential in pharmacological research, particularly to ascertain the safety of treatments. The study investigates the toxicity of Manikya Bhasma through limit dose toxicity assessments before evaluating its neuroprotective effects.

6) Disease:
Disease encompasses any abnormal condition affecting the structure or function of a living organism. In this context, neurodegenerative diseases characterized by neuronal death are the focal point of investigation, emphasizing the need for effective neuroprotective therapies like Manikya Bhasma.

7) Drug:
In pharmacology, a drug is any substance used for medical purposes, especially to diagnose, treat, or prevent disease. The study explores Manikya Bhasma as a potential neuroprotective drug, examining its effects on biochemical markers associated with neuronal health.

8) Medhya (Medhyā, Meḍhyā):
Medhya is a term in Ayurveda that describes substances that enhance cognitive functions such as memory and intellect. The categorization of Manikya as medhya implicates its significance in promoting mental well-being and its therapeutic application in neurodegenerative diseases within traditional medicine.

9) Water:
Water serves as a critical medium for all biochemical processes in living organisms. In this study, drinking and diluting substances with water is crucial for maintaining hydration and ensuring the animals receive correct dosages of the treatments administered to evaluate their effects.

10) Blood:
Blood analysis provides vital information regarding physiological and pathological conditions in organisms. In the study, hematological parameters are assessed from the blood samples to evaluate the systemic effects of Manikya Bhasma and its potential toxicological implications.

11) Ayurveda (Āyurveda, Ayus-veda):
Ayurveda, an ancient Indian system of medicine, emphasizes harmony between body, mind, and spirit. It utilizes natural substances, including herbs and metals like Manikya, for therapeutic purposes, advocating a holistic approach to health and disease management.

12) Activity:
Activity, in this study, refers to the biological effects of Manikya Bhasma, specifically its neuroprotective action. The research assesses various parameters indicative of neuronal health, establishing the functional relevance of the treatment in mitigating neuronal damage.

13) Pishti (Piṣṭi):
Pishti refers to finely powdered herbs or minerals used in Ayurvedic formulations. In conjunction with therapies, it acts to improve digestion and absorption, enriching the therapeutic effects attributed to the primary substances, and enhancing overall efficacy in treatments like neuroprotection.

14) Ratna (Ratnā):
Ratna, meaning gem in Sanskrit, refers to precious stones with medicinal properties. In Ayurveda, each ratna is believed to possess unique therapeutic effects, and Manikya's classification as a ratna underscores its esteemed role in enhancing health and longevity in traditional practices.

15) Observation:
Observation denotes the meticulous recording of experimental data during the study. It is crucial to analyze the effects of Manikya Bhasma on neuroprotection, allowing researchers to draw conclusions from the results and assess the efficacy of the treatment.

16) Shastra (Śāstra):
Shastra signifies a body of knowledge or science. In this context, Rasa Shastra encompasses Ayurvedic texts that detail the medicinal properties of metals, minerals, and gems. This foundational knowledge guides the preparation and therapeutic application of entities like Manikya Bhasma.

17) Mineral:
Minerals are inorganic nutrients essential for many biological processes. In Ayurvedic medicine, they are processed into bhasmas to enhance their therapeutic properties. The study investigates the neuroprotective aspects of mineral-based preparations, focusing on their role in combating neurodegeneration.

18) India:
India, the birthplace of Ayurveda, offers a rich heritage of traditional medicine practices emphasizing natural remedies. The study conducted within this Indian context aims to bridge ancient wisdom with modern research in addressing neurodegenerative diseases.

19) Life:
Life in Ayurvedic philosophy emphasizes balance and harmony within the body. The study of Manikya Bhasma reflects the pursuit of enhancing life quality and longevity through traditional therapeutic practices that aim to protect and rejuvenate vital systems.

20) Cage (Cāge):
A cage is used for housing laboratory animals to ensure their safety and control. In this study, controlled environments provided by cages allow researchers to monitor the animals' condition, health, and responses to treatments effectively, maintaining consistency across experiments.

21) Line:
Line may refer to a lineage or method of thought in the study's context, emphasizing the continuity of traditional practices in medicine. It highlights the transition from ancient Ayurvedic principles to modern scientific evaluations regarding treatments for neurodegenerative diseases.

22) Human body:
The human body serves as the ultimate subject for assessing therapeutic efficacy. Although the study utilizes animal models, the ultimate goal is to provide insights for human applications, particularly concerning neuroprotection and the treatment of neurodegenerative diseases.

23) Toxicology:
Toxicology is the study of the adverse effects of substances on living organisms. Understanding toxicological profiles is essential in determining the safety and efficacy of treatments, including Manikya Bhasma, especially in evaluating its therapeutic use against neurodegenerative conditions.

24) Knowledge:
Knowledge encompasses the understanding gained from research and experimentation. The study seeks to expand the existing body of knowledge regarding the pharmacological benefits of Manikya Bhasma, correlating traditional practices with modern scientific findings for neuroprotection.

25) Kapha:
Kapha is one of the three doshas in Ayurvedic medicine, representing earth and water elements. Its balance is essential for physical stability and health. Manikya Bhasma's utility may extend to influencing dosha balance, contributing to overall well-being and neuroprotection.

26) Medha (Medhas, Medhā):
Medha refers to intellect or cognitive function in Ayurveda. Enhancing medha is crucial for maintaining mental health, particularly in conditions associated with neurodegeneration. Manikya Bhasma is categorized as medhya for its potential benefits in cognitive enhancement and protection.

27) Balya (Bālya, Balyā):
Balya translates to strength or vitality enhancing substances in Ayurveda. Manikya Bhasma's properties suggest it may serve to bolster overall health and resilience, particularly in combating weakness associated with various neurodegenerative disorders and enhancing vitality.

28) Field:
Field refers to the domain of study or research area. In this context, it encompasses the exploration of neuroprotection and the application of Ayurvedic principles. It highlights an evolving area where traditional and contemporary medicine intersect for therapeutic advancements.

29) Death:
Death signifies the irreversible cessation of all biological functions that sustain life. In the context of neurodegenerative diseases, it serves as a critical endpoint, emphasizing the importance of neuroprotection strategies to preserve neuronal health and prevent premature cell death.

30) Deha:
Deha symbolizes the physical body in Ayurveda. Treatments like Manikya Bhasma aim to sustain and protect the deha from various ailments, reflecting the tradition’s holistic view of maintaining health and well-being through natural substances.

31) Rasa (Rasā, Rasha):
Rasa generally refers to essence or flavor but in Rasa Shastra, it pertains specifically to the processing of metals and minerals for medicinal use. The study focuses on how these processed entities can contribute to neuroprotection and overall health.

32) Diet:
Diet refers to the food intake that contributes to overall health. In Ayurveda, a balanced diet is essential for maintaining dosha equilibrium. The study acknowledges the dietary aspects that complement the therapeutic use of Manikya Bhasma in promoting health.

33) Rasashastra (Rasa-shastra, Rasaśāstra):
Rasashastra is a crucial Ayurvedic discipline dedicated to the medicinal applications of metals and minerals. It is integral to the preparation of bhasmas like Manikya Bhasma, which are believed to hold therapeutic values, particularly for neuroprotection and health optimization.

34) Pharmacology:
Pharmacology is the study of drug action and interactions within biological systems. This study aligns with pharmacological principles, examining how Manikya Bhasma affects various biochemical parameters, thereby opening avenues for potential therapeutic applications in neuroprotection.

35) Transmission:
Transmission refers to the process by which diseases or conditions may be conveyed from one body to another. In the context of neurodegenerative diseases, understanding how degenerative processes impact neuronal transmission can illuminate potential therapeutic strategies involving neuroprotective agents.

36) Inflammation:
Inflammation is a biological response to harmful stimuli, often contributing to disease progression. The study implies that neurodegenerative diseases could be exacerbated by inflammatory processes, emphasizing the potential of Manikya Bhasma in mitigating these harmful effects.

37) Ratnavarga (Ratna-varga):
Ratna-varga categorizes various gems in Ayurveda, underscoring their health benefits. The study focuses on Manikya from this classification emphasizing the healing properties of such gems in traditional medicine and their potential roles in neuroprotection.

38) Saptadhatu (Saptadhātu, Sapta-dhatu, Saptan-dhatu):
Saptadhatu refers to the seven fundamental tissues described in Ayurveda that support life. The concept is essential in understanding overall health and well-being, as imbalances can lead to diseases. Manikya Bhasma's effects may cater to enhancing these tissues and promoting vitality.

39) Discussion:
Discussion encapsulates the interpretative analysis of results derived from the study. It serves as a platform to contextualize findings, compare them with existing literature, and derive conclusions for further exploration in neuroprotection using Manikya Bhasma.

40) Suffering:
Suffering pertains to the physical or mental distress caused by diseases. In studying neurodegenerative disorders, the focus on reducing suffering emphasizes the therapeutic role of Manikya Bhasma and the quest for effective treatments within Ayurvedic medicine.

41) Tridosha (Tridoṣa, Tri-dosha):
Tridosha represents the three fundamental energies in Ayurveda: Vata, Pitta, and Kapha. Balance among these doshas is vital for health. The study examines how Manikya Bhasma may influence dosha equilibrium, particularly in neurodegenerative contexts, contributing to therapy.

42) Rasayana (Rasa-ayana, Rasāyana, Rāsāyana):
Rasayana denotes rejuvenating therapies in Ayurveda aimed at promoting longevity and health. The study’s focus on Manikya Bhasma aligns with rasayana principles, investigating its potential role in rejuvenation and providing neuroprotective benefits.

43) Mutation:
Mutation refers to changes in the DNA sequence that may lead to genetic disorders. In neurodegenerative disease contexts, understanding the implications of such mutations can inform therapeutic approaches, including the potential protective roles of substances like Manikya Bhasma.

44) Swelling:
Swelling typically denotes the enlargement of body parts due to inflammation or injury. In neuropharmacology, controlling swelling could be important for neuroprotection. The study assesses whether Manikya Bhasma can aid in managing such pathological symptoms.

45) Debility:
Debility refers to physical weakness or loss of strength, often exacerbated by illness. In the context of the study, Manikya Bhasma's role in addressing debility indicates its potential as a restorative agent for those suffering from neurodegenerative ailments.

46) Burning (Burn, Burned, Burnt):
Burning may refer to a symptom often associated with nerve pain or discomfort. Understanding and managing such symptoms in neurodegenerative diseases is crucial. The study aims to see if Manikya Bhasma can alleviate such burning sensations.

47) Science (Scientific):
Science signifies the systematic enterprise of building and organizing knowledge through observable phenomena. The research embodies the scientific method in evaluating traditional practices, seeking objective evidence regarding the neuroprotective roles of Manikya Bhasma.

48) Satmya (Sātmya):
Satmya refers to adaptability or tolerance in Ayurveda, especially concerning diet and therapy. The study indirectly refers to satmya by assessing how well Manikya Bhasma may be accepted and utilized by the biological systems of the test subjects.

49) Reason:
Reason refers to the justification or rationale for studying Manikya Bhasma. Understanding its traditional significance and potential modern applications underlies the motivation for research in neuroprotection and bridging traditional knowledge with contemporary science.

50) Indian:
Indian signifies the cultural and historical context of Ayurveda. The study's foundation in Indian medicinal practices underlines the relevance of traditional therapies like Manikya Bhasma in addressing contemporary health challenges, particularly neurodegenerative disorders.

51) Dosha (Dosa, Doṣa, Dosā, Doṣā, Ḍosā):
Dosha represents the three energies (Vata, Pitta, Kapha) that govern physiological and psychological processes in Ayurveda. The study investigates Manikya Bhasma's capacity to balance these doshas, thereby impacting overall health and potentially hindering neurodegeneration.

52) Madhu:
Madhu, or honey, is considered a medicinal substance in Ayurveda with various health benefits. Often used as an anupana (vehicle) in herbal preparations, its inclusion in the study highlights the holistic approach to formulating treatments for neuroprotection.

53) Varga (Vargā):
Varga refers to a classification or category in Ayurveda. In the context of the study, it signifies the organization of substances like gems and herbs based on their therapeutic benefits, emphasizing their utility in neuroprotective formulations.

54) Honey:
Honey serves as a natural sweetener and is revered in Ayurvedic practices for its health benefits, often used in formulations. The study highlights its role as an adjunct in preparations with Manikya Bhasma, enhancing palatability and therapeutic effects.

55) Hindi (Hiṇḍī, Hiṃdī, Himdi, Hindī):
Hindi represents the linguistic and cultural backdrop of Ayurveda. Understanding the terminology in Hindi can improve accessibility to traditional knowledge and enhance the communication of findings from studies like the one involving Manikya Bhasma.

56) Table:
Table refers to the structured presentation of data, facilitating comparison and interpretation. In the study, tables summarize experimental results, such as parameters measured, allowing for clarity in analyzing the effects of Manikya Bhasma.

57) Earth:
Earth denotes the physical substrate of life and encompasses the materials from which traditional medicines originate. The study, centered around Ayurvedic formulations, emphasizes the need for sustainable sourcing and ecological considerations in acquiring substances like Manikya.

58) Raja (Rāja, Rājā):
Raja, one of the three gunas in Ayurveda, signifies the quality of activity and stimulation. Understanding these qualities helps to contextualize how treatments like Manikya Bhasma may interact with mental states and contribute to neuroprotective strategies.

59) Tama (Tāma, Tāmā):
Tama represents inertia or darkness, one of the three gunas in Ayurveda impacting mental clarity and awareness. The study examines how Manikya Bhasma might counteract negative tama qualities, thereby enhancing cognitive function and neuroprotection.

60) Guna (Guṇa, Gūna):
Guna refers to the inherent qualities or attributes in Ayurveda that define the nature of substances and phenomena. Understanding the interaction of gunas is essential when evaluating how Manikya Bhasma might influence health outcomes.

61) Food:
Food signifies the sustenance needed for health and vitality. In Ayurveda, a balanced diet supports overall well-being and complements treatments like Manikya Bhasma in promoting health, especially in the context of neuroprotection.

62) Ghi (Ghī, Ghee):
Ghee, or clarified butter, is a staple in Ayurvedic diet and therapy, valued for its health benefits. In the study, ghee serves as a vehicle for delivering Manikya Bhasma, emphasizing its role in enhancing absorption and therapeutic efficacy.