Comparative antifungal evaluation of Cuscuta reflexa (morning glory)
Journal name: World Journal of Pharmaceutical Research
Original article title: Comprative evaluation of antifungal activity of cuscuta reflexa (morning glory) convolvulaceae
The WJPR includes peer-reviewed publications such as scientific research papers, reports, review articles, company news, thesis reports and case studies in areas of Biology, Pharmaceutical industries and Chemical technology while incorporating ancient fields of knowledge such combining Ayurveda with scientific data.
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Dhanendra Kumar Rai and Anju Pal
World Journal of Pharmaceutical Research:
(An ISO 9001:2015 Certified International Journal)
Full text available for: Comprative evaluation of antifungal activity of cuscuta reflexa (morning glory) convolvulaceae
Source type: An International Peer Reviewed Journal for Pharmaceutical and Medical and Scientific Research
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Summary of article contents:
Introduction
Cuscuta reflexa, a parasitic plant belonging to the Convolvulaceae family, is often perceived as a destructive weed by agriculturalists due to its ability to damage various crops. However, this study challenges that viewpoint by exploring the antifungal properties of C. reflexa as a potential agent for biological disease management. The research aims to evaluate the antifungal activity of extracts from C. reflexa against important pathogenic fungi, specifically Candida albicans and Aspergillus fumigatus, thereby contributing to the development of plant-based formulations that can aid in crop protection.
Antifungal Potential of Cuscuta Reflexa
The research focused on the antifungal properties of C. reflexa, demonstrating its significant ability to inhibit the growth of pathogens. Various concentrations of C. reflexa extracts were tested against Candida albicans and Aspergillus fumigatus using the mycelial dry weight method to determine the Minimum Inhibitory Concentration (MIC). The results indicated that the antifungal activity was directly related to the concentration of the C. reflexa extracts, with significant growth inhibition observed for both fungal isolates. Particularly, it was found that C. reflexa extracts displayed a higher efficacy against Aspergillus fumigatus compared to Candida albicans, suggesting its potential as a natural antifungal agent.
Methodology of Extract Preparation
In the study, the researchers utilized different methods to prepare extracts from C. reflexa. Fresh plant material was collected from various locations in North India and authenticated before use. Two primary extraction methods were employed: aqueous extraction and Soxhlet extraction with solvents such as ethanol, methanol, and chloroform. The resulting extracts were concentrated and stored for subsequent antifungal activity assessments. This comprehensive approach to extract preparation was essential to ensure the efficacy of the antifungal agents derived from the plant.
Comparative Analysis with Ketoconazole
The study included a comparative analysis of the antifungal effectiveness of C. reflexa against standard antifungal agents, specifically ketoconazole. While the extracts demonstrated promising antifungal activity, the MIC values for the plant extracts were generally found to be higher than those for ketoconazole. For instance, the lowest MIC of C. reflexa against Candida albicans was reported at 3.0 mg/ml, compared to ketoconazole's 0.4 mg/ml. This highlights the ongoing need for research to further isolate and characterize the specific antifungal compounds in C. reflexa to enhance its potential effectiveness in agricultural applications.
Conclusion
In conclusion, this research presents Cuscuta reflexa not merely as a detrimental weed but as a plant with significant antifungal capabilities that could contribute to sustainable agriculture. The ability of C. reflexa extracts to inhibit the growth of pathogenic fungi like Candida albicans and Aspergillus fumigatus proposes an alternative route for disease management in crops. Further studies are warranted to explore the bioactive compounds within C. reflexa and their mechanisms of action. This understanding could pave the way for developing plant-based antifungal formulations that promote eco-friendly practices in agriculture.
FAQ section (important questions/answers):
What is the main purpose of the study on Cuscuta reflexa?
The study aims to evaluate the antifungal activity of Cuscuta reflexa extracts against pathogenic fungi to develop plant-based formulations for effective fungal disease management in agriculture.
Which pathogenic fungi were tested against Cuscuta reflexa extracts?
The antifungal potential of Cuscuta reflexa was evaluated against two pathogenic fungi: Candida albicans and Aspergillus fumigatus, known for causing various infections.
How was the antifungal activity of Cuscuta reflexa measured?
The mycelial dry weight method was used to determine the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) and percentage growth inhibition of fungal isolates exposed to varying concentrations of Cuscuta reflexa extracts.
What were the results of the antifungal activity tests?
Cuscuta reflexa extracts exhibited significant inhibitory activity against both fungi, with varying MIC values, showing it may be a valuable alternative to conventional antifungal treatments.
Why is Cuscuta reflexa considered a problematic weed in agriculture?
Agriculturalists regard Cuscuta reflexa as a destructive weed because it is a parasitic plant that can negatively impact crop yields by drawing nutrients from host plants.
What are the implications of this research for agricultural practices?
The findings suggest that Cuscuta reflexa could be utilized in integrated disease management strategies, promoting sustainable agriculture by potentially reducing reliance on synthetic fungicides.
Glossary definitions and references:
Scientific and Ayurvedic Glossary list for “Comparative antifungal evaluation of Cuscuta reflexa (morning glory)”. This list explains important keywords that occur in this article and links it to the glossary for a better understanding of that concept in the context of Ayurveda and other topics.
1) India:
India is the geographical context of this study, where the Cuscuta reflexa plant was collected for evaluation. The diverse climatic and agricultural conditions in India contribute to the presence of various plant species, including Cuscuta, in both agricultural and natural ecosystems, making it a relevant site for research on traditional and sustainable agriculture.
2) Disease:
In the context of this study, disease refers to the fungal infections caused by pathogens like Candida albicans and Aspergillus fumigates. Understanding diseases in crops is crucial, as they can lead to significant losses in agricultural productivity, necessitating the need for effective management strategies such as plant-based antifungal treatments.
3) Activity:
Activity specifically pertains to the antifungal properties exhibited by the extracts of Cuscuta reflexa. The study aims to quantify the efficacy of these extracts against pathogenic fungi, establishing a basis for their potential use in agricultural practices to enhance crop protection and reduce reliance on synthetic chemicals.
4) Agriculture:
Agriculture is integral to this research, as it concerns the cultivation of crops and management of plant diseases. The study seeks to address agricultural challenges by exploring eco-friendly alternatives for disease management, thereby contributing to sustainable farming practices and improving crop yields in the Indian agricultural context.
5) Species:
Species refers to the specific biological classifications involved in the study, namely Cuscuta reflexa and the pathogenic fungi, Candida albicans and Aspergillus fumigates. Understanding the interactions between these species is essential for assessing the potential use of Cuscuta extracts in controlling pathogenic diseases in crops.
6) Crop:
Crop is relevant as the study focuses on enhancing the health and productivity of agricultural crops affected by fungal pathogens. The research highlights the potential of utilizing Cuscuta reflexa extracts to manage diseases, thereby ultimately supporting food production and security within the agricultural sector.
7) Shri (Śri, Śrī, Śṝ, Sṛ, Sṝ):
Shri is a title used in India to denote respect and honor, often prefixed to the name of individuals, such as 'Shri Venkateshwara University.' This indicates the academic affiliation and respect for the institutions and scholars involved in the research, highlighting the collaborative nature of scientific inquiry in a formal context.
8) Discussion:
Discussion involves the interpretation of the results obtained from the study. It allows for critical analysis of the findings in relation to existing literature, providing insights into the implications of using Cuscuta reflexa extracts for antifungal activity and suggesting directions for future research and application.
9) Developing:
Developing in this context refers to the process of formulating new plant-based antifungal products or interventions using Cuscuta reflexa. It underscores the aim of advancing practical applications that would support integrated disease management strategies and improve sustainability in agricultural practices.
10) Family:
Family refers to the botanical classification, specifically the Convolvulaceae family to which Cuscuta reflexa belongs. Recognizing the taxonomic relationships among different plants helps in understanding their shared characteristics, potential uses, and the ecological roles they play within their environments, especially in agriculture.
11) Medium:
Medium in this study refers to the growth conditions, specifically Sabouraud dextrose broth medium used in the antifungal assays. The choice of medium is vital for culturing fungi and testing the efficacy of antifungal extracts, directly influencing the outcomes of the experiments conducted.
12) Kumar (Kumār):
Kumar, often used as a surname in India, denotes one of the authors of the study, Dhanendra Kumar Rai. His contributions, along with co-authors, highlight the importance of academic research and collaboration in addressing agricultural challenges and exploring sustainable practices in India.
13) Table:
Table refers to the systematic presentation of data, such as Minimum Inhibitory Concentration (MIC) values and growth inhibition percentages reported in the study. Tables serve as effective tools for summarizing and comparing results, facilitating clearer communication of findings to the scientific community.
14) Study (Studying):
Study pertains to the research conducted on the antifungal activity of Cuscuta reflexa extracts against selected pathogenic fungi. It represents a scientific inquiry aiming for knowledge advancement that can inform agricultural practices, disease management strategies, and enhance the understanding of plant-based antifungals.
15) Drug:
Drug refers to substances like ketoconazole used as a standard antifungal agent in the study. This comparison with plant extracts emphasizes the relevance of finding alternative treatments derived from nature, particularly in light of concerns regarding the side effects and resistance associated with synthetic drugs.
16) Antibiotic (Antibacterial):
Antibacterial pertains to the capacity of certain compounds to inhibit bacterial growth. While the focus of this study is antifungal activity, the mention of antibacterial properties indicates the broader therapeutic potential of Cuscuta reflexa extracts, reinforcing the plant's significance in health and disease management.
17) Phytochemical:
Phytochemical refers to the bioactive compounds derived from plants that have potential health benefits, including antifungal and antibacterial properties. In this study, the exploration of phytochemicals in Cuscuta reflexa aims to identify effective natural agents for managing plant diseases in agriculture.
18) Measurement:
Measurement relates to the quantification process involved in evaluating the antifungal activity, such as determining MIC values and calculating percentage growth inhibition. Accurate measurement is essential for validating results and establishing the efficacy of plant extracts in scientific research.
19) Pesticide:
Pesticide refers to substances used for controlling pests, including fungi that negatively impact crops. The study explores the potential of using Cuscuta reflexa extracts as a natural pesticide, offering an eco-friendly alternative to traditional chemical pesticides, thereby contributing to sustainable agriculture.
20) Toxicity:
Toxicity in the context of the study relates to the harmful effects of fungal pathogens on crops and the potential harmful effects of chemical agents. Understanding toxicity helps in assessing both the risks of conventional pesticides and the benefits of natural alternatives in disease management.
21) Science (Scientific):
Science refers to the systematic study of the natural world through observation and experimentation. The research on Cuscuta reflexa's antifungal properties represents a scientific inquiry aiming to expand knowledge, foster innovation in agriculture, and contribute to the development of sustainable practices.
22) Mishra (Miśra):
Mishra is another author denoting Dr. D.P Mishra, whose contributions to the research and academic discussions are acknowledged, highlighting collaboration and mentorship within the academic and research community, instrumental for the success of scientific studies like the one presented herein.
23) Muslin:
Muslin refers to the type of cloth used for filtering plant extracts during the preparation process. Its use signifies the importance of proper methodology in research, ensuring that extracts are free from particulates and suitable for subsequent antifungal testing and analysis.
24) Nature:
Nature pertains to the inherent characteristics and properties of living organisms and their environment. The study emphasizes the importance of harnessing natural resources, like plant extracts, for effective disease management in agriculture, thus advocating for a holistic view of agricultural practices.
25) Water:
Water is a critical solvent used in the preparation of plant extracts for antifungal testing. It underscores the importance of utilizing resources appropriately in the extraction process, ensuring the efficacy of the compounds while adhering to safe and sustainable practices in research.
26) Fight:
Fight in the study context refers to the struggle against fungal diseases that threaten agricultural productivity. The research aims to provide effective strategies utilizing Cuscuta reflexa extracts, thereby supporting efforts to combat crop diseases and ensuring food security in agricultural systems.
27) Flax:
Flax is mentioned as an example of agricultural crops that can be affected by parasitic plants like Cuscuta reflexa. Highlighting specific crops contextualizes the research, indicating that the findings could have broader implications for several agricultural industries reliant on diverse crop species.
28) Food:
Food highlights the ultimate goal of agriculture, which is to produce safe and nutritious items for human consumption. The study has implications for food security as it seeks to develop plant-based antifungal solutions to protect crops from fungal diseases, thereby ensuring a stable food supply.
Other Science Concepts:
Discover the significance of concepts within the article: ‘Comparative antifungal evaluation of Cuscuta reflexa (morning glory)’. Further sources in the context of Science might help you critically compare this page with similair documents:
Agrochemicals, Antifungal activity, Environmental Impact, Plant Based Formulation, Pathogenic fungi, Plant Extract, Plant metabolites, Statistics analysis.