Using cytochrome b for DNA source identification via PCR.
Journal name: World Journal of Pharmaceutical Research
Original article title: Adoption of cytochrome b as a means to identify the source of dna using polymerase chain reaction
The WJPR includes peer-reviewed publications such as scientific research papers, reports, review articles, company news, thesis reports and case studies in areas of Biology, Pharmaceutical industries and Chemical technology while incorporating ancient fields of knowledge such combining Ayurveda with scientific data.
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Basma M. Arif ? and Ikbal K. Abbas
World Journal of Pharmaceutical Research:
(An ISO 9001:2015 Certified International Journal)
Full text available for: Adoption of cytochrome b as a means to identify the source of dna using polymerase chain reaction
Source type: An International Peer Reviewed Journal for Pharmaceutical and Medical and Scientific Research
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Summary of article contents:
Introduction
The study conducted by Basma M. Arif and Ikbal K. Abbas from the Biology Department at the University of AL-Mustansiriyah aims to evaluate the effectiveness of the cytochrome b gene for identifying the species source of varying biological materials, particularly in forensic medicine. This research incorporates polymerase chain reaction (PCR) techniques to analyze samples from both animal and human sources, including blood and tissue specimens. Given the nature of forensic investigations, accurately identifying biological materials is crucial for resolving legal cases.
Importance of Cytochrome b Gene in Species Identification
One of the key findings of this study is the significance of the cytochrome b gene in determining species types. The cytochrome b gene is known for its stability within species while exhibiting greater variation between different species. This property makes it ideal for phylogenetic studies and ensures accurate species identification. By employing the PCR technique to amplify specific regions of the cytochrome b gene, researchers can analyze genetic material collected from various biological samples. The study confirmed the efficiency of using species-specific primers for amplifying desired DNA segments, aiding in the identification of different species present in forensic samples.
Methodology for Sample Collection and DNA Extraction
The methodology outlined in the research includes comprehensive sampling from various sources: six isolates of Pseudomonas aeruginosa and blood samples from different animals—rabbits, chickens, sheep—along with samples from healthy human donors and corpses. DNA extraction from these samples was performed using specific kits designed for blood and genomic DNA purification from bacteria and tissue. The purity and quality of the extracted DNA were assessed using spectrophotometric methods and electrophoresis, thereby confirming that high-quality DNA was used in the analysis.
PCR Amplification and Result Analysis
The PCR amplification step involved the use of designed primers to target the cytochrome b gene across different specimens. The amplification produced distinct bands in agarose gel electrophoresis, with sizes varying according to the species, confirming successful identification. Observed fragment sizes for Pseudomonas aeruginosa, human, rabbit, sheep, and chicken were found to be 460, 580, 740, 331, and 227 base pairs, respectively. The study highlighted the importance of accurate primer design, as it directly influenced the success and specificity of amplifying the targeted gene regions.
Conclusion
In conclusion, the research demonstrates that PCR analysis of the cytochrome b gene is a reliable and effective method for species identification across a range of biological samples. This technique holds significant promise for application in forensic settings, where accurate identification of DNA sources is critical. The findings support its feasibility as a laboratory tool, particularly in scenarios involving mixed biological samples. Overall, the study provides valuable insights into the molecular techniques that can enhance forensic investigations and resolve complex legal issues surrounding biological material identification.
FAQ section (important questions/answers):
What is the purpose of the cytochrome b gene study?
The study aimed to identify the type of biological material of unknown origin, which is essential for forensic medicine in criminal investigations.
How does polymerase chain reaction (PCR) function in the study?
PCR is a molecular biology technique that amplifies DNA sequences, generating thousands to millions of copies for analysis, facilitating species identification.
What types of samples were analyzed in the research?
The research analyzed bacterial isolates of Pseudomonas aeruginosa, blood samples from animals, human blood, and tissue samples from corpses.
What species of animals were included in the blood sample collection?
Blood samples were collected from chickens, rabbits, sheep, and healthy human donors for the study.
What were the expected PCR product sizes for different species?
The expected PCR product sizes were 460 bp for P. aeruginosa, 580 bp for human samples, 740 bp for rabbit, 331 bp for sheep, and 227 bp for chicken.
What conclusion can be drawn about the cytochrome b gene analysis?
The study confirms the cytochrome b gene analysis is an effective method for identifying various species in forensic contexts, offering accurate differentiation in mixed samples.
Glossary definitions and references:
Scientific and Ayurvedic Glossary list for “Using cytochrome b for DNA source identification via PCR.”. This list explains important keywords that occur in this article and links it to the glossary for a better understanding of that concept in the context of Ayurveda and other topics.
1) Blood:
Blood refers to the bodily fluid that circulates in the cardiovascular system of humans and animals, carrying oxygen and nutrients to cells and removing waste products. In this study, blood samples from various species were crucial for DNA extraction and subsequent identification using PCR, highlighting its importance in forensic analysis and species identification.
2) Species:
Species denotes a group of organisms capable of interbreeding and producing fertile offspring. In this study, the term is used to refer to various biological materials, including animal and human samples. Identifying the species from biological materials is vital in forensic investigations to determine the origins of DNA samples.
3) Study (Studying):
The study signifies a systematic investigation into a specific topic—in this case, the identification of biological materials through the cytochrome b gene using PCR. The research's design, methods, and findings contribute valuable insights into forensic science and molecular biology, paving the way for advancements in species identification methods.
4) Animal:
Animal refers to living creatures that are typically multicellular and capable of locomotion, distinct from plants and fungi. This study involves blood samples from different animals, including rabbits, chickens, and sheep, showcasing their significance in forensic analysis and species identification through genetic material.
5) Medicine:
Medicine is the field concerned with the diagnosis, treatment, and prevention of diseases. The study intersects with forensic medicine, where it aids in legal investigations by identifying biological materials from crime scenes, thus highlighting the role of molecular techniques in medical and forensic practices.
6) Table:
Table refers to a structured arrangement of data. In the context of the research, tables are utilized to present key information, such as primer sequences and PCR protocols, systematically. This format enhances the clarity and accessibility of data, allowing readers to understand methodologies and results more effectively.
7) Teaching:
Teaching encompasses the practice of imparting knowledge or skills. The mention of teaching institutions in the study indicates collaboration within academic frameworks, such as universities, to facilitate research. This partnership helps advance scientific understanding and nurture new generations of researchers in biological and forensic sciences.
8) Quality:
Quality refers to the standard or degree of excellence of a substance. In the study, the quality of DNA extracted is assessed to ensure reliable PCR results. High-quality DNA is essential for accurate species identification, making quality control a vital aspect of genetic analyses.
9) Science (Scientific):
Scientific refers to the methods and principles of science. The study employs scientific approaches, including PCR and DNA analysis, to achieve reliable results in species identification. This demonstrates the application of rigorous scientific methodologies to address real-world problems in forensic medicine.
10) Purity:
Purity denotes the absence of contaminants within a sample. In the study, the purity of extracted DNA is checked to ensure that results from PCR are valid and reliable. High purity is critical for the accurate amplification of genetic material necessary for species identification.
11) Meat:
Meat refers to the flesh of animals used as food. While the study does not directly focus on meat, it highlights the relevance of similar biological samples in species identification, connecting the application of cytochrome b gene analysis to the broader context of animal product labeling and food safety.
12) Purification:
Purification refers to the process of isolating a specific substance or removing impurities. In the study, purification methods for DNA extraction are employed to ensure optimal conditions for subsequent analysis. This meticulous process is crucial for obtaining high-quality DNA necessary for accurate PCR results.
13) Observation:
Observation pertains to the act of noticing or perceiving something. In scientific research, careful observation of experimental results, such as gel electrophoresis outcomes, is crucial. This study emphasizes the importance of observing DNA amplification to ensure the success of species identification through PCR.
14) Discussion:
Discussion is the analysis and interpretation of research results, providing context and insights. In this study, the discussion section allows the authors to explain the implications of their findings related to species identification and the utility of PCR, contributing to the conversation in forensic and molecular biology.
15) Evolution:
Evolution refers to the gradual development of organisms through variations over generations. The study references the evolutionary significance of the cytochrome b gene, which exhibits variation across species. Understanding this evolutionary context is important for establishing species relationships and enhancing genetic identification techniques.
16) Buffalo (Buffaloes):
Buffalo refers to a specific type of large bovine animal. While not a primary focus of the study, its mention in the context of species highlights the diverse range of biological materials that can be analyzed. Buffalo samples could potentially be included in future studies for broader species identification.
17) House:
House in this context refers to the facility or institution where animals are kept for research purposes (i.e., Animal House). This setting is significant for obtaining various biological samples, underscoring the importance of institutional support in conducting scientific investigations and advancing knowledge in forensic genetics.
Other Science Concepts:
Discover the significance of concepts within the article: ‘Using cytochrome b for DNA source identification via PCR.’. Further sources in the context of Science might help you critically compare this page with similair documents:
Human blood, Polymerase chain reaction, Molecular weight, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Animal Source, Forensic medicine, Biological material, Biochemical test, Bacterial isolate, PCR amplification, Gel electrophoresis, DNA extraction, Clinical Specimen, Multiplex PCR, Species specific primer, Ethidium bromide, Blood sample, DNA denaturation, Tissue sample, Primer design, PCR reaction, Primer annealing, DNA amplification.
Concepts being referred in other categories, contexts and sources.