Phytochemical and pharmacological study of Euphorbia hirta's hepatoprotection.
Journal name: World Journal of Pharmaceutical Research
Original article title: A study of phytochemical and pharmacological evaluation of hepatoprotective activity of euphorbia hirta linn whole plant in rats & mice
The WJPR includes peer-reviewed publications such as scientific research papers, reports, review articles, company news, thesis reports and case studies in areas of Biology, Pharmaceutical industries and Chemical technology while incorporating ancient fields of knowledge such combining Ayurveda with scientific data.
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Madhusha Reddy Y and Praveen Kumar Uppala
World Journal of Pharmaceutical Research:
(An ISO 9001:2015 Certified International Journal)
Full text available for: A study of phytochemical and pharmacological evaluation of hepatoprotective activity of euphorbia hirta linn whole plant in rats & mice
Source type: An International Peer Reviewed Journal for Pharmaceutical and Medical and Scientific Research
Copyright (license): WJPR: All rights reserved
Summary of article contents:
Introduction
Euphorbia hirta, a plant known for its traditional medicinal properties, undergoes evaluation for its hepatoprotective effects in this study. The liver is a vital organ, responsible for numerous metabolic functions, detoxification, and blood regulation. Hepatic dysfunction can arise from various factors, including exposure to toxic substances and oxidative stress. This study aims to investigate the hepatoprotective activity of the alcoholic extract of Euphorbia hirta against liver damage induced by carbon tetrachloride (CCl4) and paracetamol in rats and mice, utilizing biochemical and histopathological analyses.
Phytochemical Composition and Antioxidant Activities
The study highlights the preliminary phytochemical screening of the extracts of Euphorbia hirta, revealing the presence of various bioactive compounds such as alkaloids, flavonoids, glycosides, and tannins. The alcoholic extract exhibited notable antioxidant activities through various in vitro models, which included reducing power, superoxide anion scavenging, and hydroxyl radical scavenging. These activities are indicative of the extract's potential to mitigate oxidative stress, an essential factor in liver injury causation. The significant antioxidant effects suggest that the compounds present in Euphorbia hirta may contribute to its hepatoprotective capabilities.
Hepatoprotective Activity Against CCl4-Induced Hepatotoxicity
The experimental model utilized CCl4 to induce hepatotoxicity, assessing the protective effects of the alcoholic extract of Euphorbia hirta. Administration of the extract resulted in a significant reduction of elevated serum biochemical markers such as SGPT, SGOT, and alkaline phosphatase (ALP) levels typically indicative of liver damage. The extract also contributed to restoring the depleted levels of glutathione (GSH), a critical antioxidant within cells. Histopathological evaluations corroborated these findings, revealing an almost normal liver architecture upon treatment with the extract, contrasting the altered architecture observed in control groups.
Hepatoprotective Activity Against Paracetamol-Induced Hepatotoxicity
Paracetamol-induced hepatotoxicity was another focus of the study, presenting opportunities to evaluate the extract's efficacy in a different chemical-induced injury model. As with the CCl4 model, the alcoholic extract demonstrated a dose-dependent improvement in hepatic function. Notable decreases were observed in serum levels of SGPT, SGOT, and bilirubin in paracetamol-treated rats, indicating significant hepatoprotective effects. The positive results from both the biochemical analysis and histopathology further affirmed the extract's capability to restore liver function and protect against oxidative damage.
Conclusion
The findings of this study illustrate that the alcoholic extract of Euphorbia hirta exhibits significant hepatoprotective properties against liver damage induced by both carbon tetrachloride and paracetamol. The extracts are rich in various phytochemicals that contribute to their antioxidant capabilities, which play a vital role in safeguarding liver tissue from oxidative stress. Treatment with Euphorbia hirta not only normalized serum biochemical markers associated with liver function but also improved the histological appearance of liver tissue. These results substantiate the traditional claims regarding the medicinal use of Euphorbia hirta for treating hepatic disorders, suggesting its potential for further development as a therapeutic agent in liver health management.
FAQ section (important questions/answers):
What is the purpose of the study on Euphorbia hirta?
The study aims to investigate the hepatoprotective effects of the alcoholic extract of Euphorbia hirta whole plant in rats and mice, particularly against hepatotoxicity induced by carbon tetrachloride and paracetamol.
How was the hepatoprotective activity evaluated in the study?
Hepatoprotective activity was evaluated by measuring biochemical markers like SGOT, SGPT, ALP, and Bilirubin levels. In addition, histopathological studies and antioxidant activity assessments were conducted for thorough evaluation.
What were the significant findings regarding liver enzyme levels?
The study found that the alcoholic extract significantly reduced elevated levels of SGOT, SGPT, and ALP in both carbon tetrachloride and paracetamol induced hepatotoxicity, indicating hepatoprotective activity.
What compounds were identified in the Euphorbia hirta extracts?
The preliminary phytochemical analysis identified compounds such as alkaloids, flavonoids, glycosides, tannins, and steroids in the extracts of Euphorbia hirta, contributing to its pharmacological activities.
How did the Euphorbia hirta extract affect GSH levels?
Treatment with the alcoholic extract of Euphorbia hirta increased the hepatic tissue content of GSH, which is crucial for cellular defense against oxidative stress and liver protection.
What conclusions were drawn from the study regarding Euphorbia hirta?
The study concluded that the alcoholic extract of Euphorbia hirta possesses significant hepatoprotective and antioxidant properties, supporting its traditional use in treating liver disorders.
Glossary definitions and references:
Scientific and Ayurvedic Glossary list for “Phytochemical and pharmacological study of Euphorbia hirta's hepatoprotection.”. This list explains important keywords that occur in this article and links it to the glossary for a better understanding of that concept in the context of Ayurveda and other topics.
1) Activity:
Activity in this study primarily refers to the hepatoprotective effects demonstrated by the alcoholic extract of Euphorbia hirta. It highlights the extract’s capability to restore liver function and mitigate damage caused by hepatotoxic substances, as indicated by the improvement in biochemical markers and liver histology.
2) Animal:
Animals, specifically albino rats and mice, were used in this study to evaluate the hepatoprotective effects of Euphorbia hirta. These animal models allow for controlled experimentation, enabling researchers to observe the physiological and biochemical changes in response to treatment with the extract compared to a control group.
3) Kumar (Kumār):
Kumar is one of the authors of this research article. His involvement underscores the contribution of researchers in the field of pharmacology, particularly in exploring the medicinal properties of plant extracts and their applications for treating liver-related diseases.
4) Euphoria:
Euphoria, in this context, refers error on the term 'Euphorbia'. Euphorbia hirta is the correct name of the plant studied. The relevance lies in its potential health benefits, particularly in liver protection and antioxidant activity, which can contribute to future herbal medicine formulations.
5) Study (Studying):
Study refers to this comprehensive investigation exploring the hepatoprotective activity of the Euphorbia hirta plant. It encompasses the research methods, findings, and assessments related to the biochemical and histopathological impacts on liver health, highlighting its importance in the field of pharmacognosy.
6) Water:
Water is used as a solvent during the extraction of Euphorbia hirta. It's important in preparing various extracts used in the biological evaluations. The results of the study demonstrate the effect of aqueous and alcoholic extracts on liver damage induced by hazardous agents.
7) Phytochemical:
Phytochemical refers to the bioactive compounds identified in the Euphorbia hirta extracts, such as flavonoids and alkaloids. These compounds are essential for understanding the plant's medicinal properties and mechanisms of action in protecting the liver and providing antioxidant effects.
8) Flavonoid:
Flavonoids are a class of phytochemicals found in Euphorbia hirta that exhibit antioxidant properties. Their presence contributes to the hepatoprotective effects observed in the study, as they can help mitigate oxidative stress and reduce liver damage from toxic substances.
9) Blood:
Blood is a critical fluid in assessing liver function and damage. The study measures various serum biochemical markers such as SGOT, SGPT, and bilirubin levels in blood samples to evaluate the extent of hepatotoxicity and the effectiveness of Euphorbia hirta in restoring normal liver function.
10) Table:
Table in this publication organizes and presents data clearly, such as the percentage yields of different extracts from Euphorbia hirta and the results of biochemical analysis. Tables are essential for conveying complex information succinctly, allowing readers to interpret the data more easily.
11) Drug:
Drug refers to the therapeutic agents used in this study, such as silymarin, which serves as a standard for comparing the hepatoprotective effects of Euphorbia hirta. This context highlights the significance of natural substances in the development of potential new drugs for liver protection.
12) Toxicity:
Toxicity relates to the harmful effects caused by substances such as carbon tetrachloride and paracetamol, which were used to induce liver damage in experimental models. Assessing the toxicity levels is vital to understanding the protective potential of Euphorbia hirta against these harmful agents.
13) Disease:
Disease is represented by liver disorders resulting from toxic substance exposure. This study aims to highlight the efficacy of Euphorbia hirta in preventing or treating hepatotoxicity, linking plant-based treatments to disease management in herbal medicine.
14) Substance:
Substance refers to any material or compound under examination. In this study, it primarily encompasses the extracts derived from Euphorbia hirta and the hepatotoxic agents like carbon tetrachloride and paracetamol. The phytochemical composition of substances is crucial for determining their biological activity.
15) Species:
Species relates to the biological classification of organisms used in the study. Albino rats and mice are the species in which the hepatoprotective activity of Euphorbia hirta was tested, emphasizing the importance of using relevant animal models in pharmacological research.
16) India:
India denotes the geographical context in which the Euphorbia hirta plant was collected and studied. The traditional use of this plant in Indian medicine supports its potential for therapeutic applications and the relevance of exploring indigenous knowledge in modern pharmacology.
17) Pharmacological:
Pharmacological refers to the branch of medicine concerned with the uses, effects, and mechanisms of action of drugs. This study situates Euphorbia hirta within pharmacological research by demonstrating its potential therapeutic benefits for liver health and combating oxidative stress.
18) Observation:
Observation signifies the careful noting of data and changes in liver function and structure following treatment with Euphorbia hirta extracts. It is fundamental in scientific studies to substantiate claims about the efficacy and mechanisms behind the hepatoprotective properties of substances.
19) Science (Scientific):
Scientific emphasizes the systematic methodology employed in this study, employing controlled conditions and validated techniques for extracting and evaluating the hepatic effects of Euphorbia hirta. This underlines the rigor and reliability of findings in promoting evidence-based practices in health.
20) Uppala (Uppalā):
Uppala is another author of the research article. His contribution highlights the collaborative nature of scientific investigations and the importance of a multidisciplinary approach in exploring the pharmacological properties of natural compounds.
21) Nature:
Nature, in this context, relates to the inherent qualities of the Euphorbia hirta plant, particularly its phytochemicals. Understanding the natural compounds and their interactions within biological systems is vital for developing effective therapeutic agents and promoting the use of herbal medicine.
22) Powder:
Powder refers to the processed form of Euphorbia hirta plant when it is ground into a fine consistency for extraction purposes. The powder is essential for standardizing the extraction process, enabling consistent results in measuring the plant's pharmacological activity.
23) Death:
Death connects to the assessment of acute toxicity in the study, where no mortality was observed in animals at certain doses. This indicates the safety profile of Euphorbia hirta and provides relevant data for its potential use in medicinal applications.
24) Bile:
Bile is produced by the liver and plays a crucial role in digestion and metabolism. The study indirectly relates to bile production by evaluating liver function, emphasizing the importance of hepatoprotective agents in maintaining normal hepatic physiology and overall health.
25) Cage (Cāge):
Cage refers to the housing used for the animals in this study. Providing a controlled and clean environment is crucial for ethical practices in animal research, ensuring that external factors do not interfere with the study’s outcomes.
26) Pharmacology:
Pharmacology is the field that studies the effects of drugs on biological systems. This research contributes to pharmacology by investigating the hepatoprotective properties of a natural extract, potentially expanding treatment options for liver diseases and enhancing understanding of natural compounds.
27) Measurement:
Measurement pertains to the quantification of biochemical markers and physiological changes induced by the extract of Euphorbia hirta. Accurate measurement is critical in validating the effectiveness of treatments and drawing scientifically sound conclusions in pharmacological research.
28) Discussion:
Discussion is a crucial part of the research article where the implications of findings are analyzed and contextualized. It allows researchers to interpret results, compare with existing literature, and establish the significance of their work in the broader field of pharmacology.
29) Fixation:
Fixation refers to the process of preserving liver tissue samples for histopathological examination. This technique is vital for ensuring that structural details are maintained for accurate analysis, contributing to the study's insight into the effects of treatments on liver architecture.
30) Mineral:
Mineral often refers to essential dietary components. In the scope of this study, minerals may relate to the nutritional value of Euphorbia hirta or its role in biological processes, adding depth to understanding the holistic benefits of herbal treatments.
Other Science Concepts:
Discover the significance of concepts within the article: ‘Phytochemical and pharmacological study of Euphorbia hirta's hepatoprotection.’. Further sources in the context of Science might help you critically compare this page with similair documents:
Statistical analysis, Phytochemical screening, Acute Toxicity Studies, Phytochemical analysis, Acute toxicity, In vitro, Hepatoprotective activity, Lipid peroxidation, Antioxidant property, Free radical scavenging activity, Carbon tetrachloride, Histopathological study, Histopathological studies, Serum biochemical parameters, Glutathione (GSH), Reducing power, Alcoholic extract, Nitric oxide radical, Silymarin, LD 50, Acute model, CCl4 induced hepatotoxicity, Paracetamol induced hepatotoxicity, Dose-dependent effect, Paracetamol, In vitro antioxidant studies, Polar extracts, Hydroxyl radical scavenging activity, Biochemical marker, Euphorbia hirta whole plant, Antioxidant studies, Administered with, Biochemical parameter, Serum level, CCl 4 -induced hepatotoxicity, Superoxide Anion Scavenging Activity, Marker enzyme, Albino rat, GSH LEVEL, Hydroxyl free radical scavenging activity, Institutional animal's ethical committee, Elevated level, Normal liver, 2-deoxyribose degradation, Hathwell and Gutteridge assay, Griess's reagent, Glutathione estimation, Microscopically, Reduction of NO radical, In vivo lipid peroxidation, Alcoholic extract of Euphorbia hirtawhole plant, Elevated levels of total and direct bilirubin, Biochemical markers in paracetamol induced hepatotoxicity, Silymarin on the same marker enzymes, SGPT levels observed, SGOT levels has been increased, Histopathological studies in CCl4 induced hepatotoxicity, Histopathological studies in Paracetamol induced hepatotoxicity, Hepatic globular structure, Fatty degeneration like ballooning of hepatocytes, Kuffer cells proliferation, Phytochemical profile of the plant, Toxic effects of hepatotoxins, Regenerative liver or hepatic tissue, Serum levels of various biochemical marker enzymes, Treatment with synthetic drugs, SGPT SGOT ALT, Cholesterol and HDL, Alkaloids steroids glycosides flavonoids tannins carbohydrates proteins, Cytochrome P450 enzyme inhibition, Dose dependent enhancement, Treatment with alcoholic extract.