HPTLC method for plumbagin in Chitrak Haritaki standardization.

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Journal name: World Journal of Pharmaceutical Research
Original article title: Physico-chemical standardisation and development of hptlc method for the determination of plumbagin in chitrak haritaki – an ayurvedic formulation
The WJPR includes peer-reviewed publications such as scientific research papers, reports, review articles, company news, thesis reports and case studies in areas of Biology, Pharmaceutical industries and Chemical technology while incorporating ancient fields of knowledge such combining Ayurveda with scientific data.
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Author:

Shivani, Iram Rakhshi, Pawar R.K., Sharma Rajeev Kr. And Singh K.C.


World Journal of Pharmaceutical Research:

(An ISO 9001:2015 Certified International Journal)

Full text available for: Physico-chemical standardisation and development of hptlc method for the determination of plumbagin in chitrak haritaki – an ayurvedic formulation

Source type: An International Peer Reviewed Journal for Pharmaceutical and Medical and Scientific Research


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Summary of article contents:

Introduction

Chitrak Haritaki, an Ayurvedic formulation, is renowned for its efficacy in treating chronic respiratory conditions such as asthma, bronchitis, and tuberculosis. Composed primarily of Chitraka (Plumbago zeylanica) and Haritaki (Terminalia chebula), this herbal preparation is presented in a jam-like consistency known as Avaleha. The study conducted by Pawar et al. focuses on the development of a High-Performance Thin Layer Chromatography (HPTLC) method for the quantitative determination of plumbagin, a significant constituent of Chitrak Haritaki. This research aims to standardize the analysis of Ayurvedic formulations to ensure their potency and safety.

Determination of Plumbagin in Chitrak Haritaki

The research emphasizes the qualitative and quantitative analysis of plumbagin, an active phytochemical known for its anticancer and antitumor properties. The analysis utilized chloroform extracts of Chitrak Haritaki and Chitrak roots, applying these samples onto HPTLC plates coated with silica gel. The mobile phase, a mixture of toluene and ethyl acetate, facilitated the separation of plumbagin, which was then quantified using densitometry at a wavelength of 270 nm. The successful identification and quantification of plumbagin underscore its relevance in assessing the medicinal quality of Chitrak Haritaki.

Physico-Chemical Standardization

The study conducted a detailed physico-chemical analysis of Chitrak Haritaki from three different manufacturers to establish baseline quality parameters. The analysis included determining moisture content, pH, total ash, and soluble extractives, which provided essential insights into the formulation’s quality and consistency. For instance, varying moisture contents and pH levels were noted across different samples, indicating possible differences in manufacturing processes. This standardization is crucial for ensuring that all formulations maintain a consistent therapeutic profile.

HPTLC Methodology and Results

The HPTLC method established in the study proved to be simple, rapid, and effective for routine quality control. The researchers optimized parameters, such as the mobile phase composition and the derivatization process, to achieve reliable results. They noted that plumbagin displayed a consistent retention factor (R_f) of 0.88 across various samples, allowing for precise comparisons of drug quality. The quantities of plumbagin found in Chitrak Haritaki samples were found to be relatively consistent, affirming the robustness and reproducibility of the HPTLC method employed.

Conclusion

The findings of this research highlight the significance of standardized analytical methods in the quality control of Ayurvedic formulations. The developed HPTLC method for the determination of plumbagin in Chitrak Haritaki is positioned as a reliable and economic approach for ensuring the consistency and potency of herbal medicines. Such methodologies are vital in the field of herbal medicine, enhancing product safety and efficacy, and reinforcing the need for robust analytical techniques in the standardization of traditional formulations. By providing a framework for quality assurance, this study contributes to the broader goal of integrating traditional medicine practices with modern scientific validation.

FAQ section (important questions/answers):

What is the purpose of the HPTLC method developed in the study?

The HPTLC method was developed to determine the quantity of plumbagin in Ayurvedic formulations of Chitrak Haritaki from different manufacturers, ensuring quality and standardization of the product.

What are the main ingredients in Chitrak Haritaki?

Chitrak Haritaki primarily contains Chitraka (Plumbago zeylanica), Amalaki, Guduchi, and Haritaki, mixed with jaggery and various spices to create a herbal jam.

How was the chloroform extract prepared for analysis?

1g of coarsely powdered Chitrak Haritaki was extracted with 10ml chloroform for 24 hours, filtered, and concentrated to 2ml for HPTLC application.

What mobile phase was used for the HPTLC analysis?

The mobile phase used for HPTLC analysis was a mixture of toluene and ethyl acetate in a 3:1 volume ratio.

What is the significance of plumbagin in Chitrak Haritaki?

Plumbagin is an active compound known for its anticancer and antitumor properties, making it essential for the therapeutic efficacy of Chitrak Haritaki.

What were the results regarding plumbagin content in samples?

Plumbagin content in samples varied, with CH1DB at 0.595mg/g, CH2BY at 0.607mg/g, CH3ZB at 0.615mg/g, and Chitrak Root at 3.478mg/g.

Glossary definitions and references:

Scientific and Ayurvedic Glossary list for “HPTLC method for plumbagin in Chitrak Haritaki standardization.”. This list explains important keywords that occur in this article and links it to the glossary for a better understanding of that concept in the context of Ayurveda and other topics.

1) Haritaki (Harītakī):
Haritaki is a prominent herb in Ayurvedic medicine, known scientifically as Terminalia chebula. It is traditionally used for digestive issues, detoxification, and respiratory health. Its inclusion in Chitrak Haritaki highlights its significance in this formulation, linking ancient practices to modern herbal formulations for wellness.

2) Indian:
Indian refers to the rich and diverse cultural, geographical, and historical context of India, where traditional systems of medicine like Ayurveda thrive. The term encapsulates the Ayurvedic methods and formulations that have been developed over centuries, emphasizing indigenous knowledge and natural healing practices inherent to the region.

3) Table:
A table in scientific texts often presents data succinctly for easy interpretation. In this context, it organizes the physico-chemical constants and analytical results, serving as a vital reference for understanding variations in the composition of different Chitrak Haritaki samples. Tables enhance the clarity and accessibility of research findings.

4) India:
India is the birthplace of Ayurveda, a holistic system of medicine that emphasizes balance and natural remedies. The diverse flora of India, including medicinal plants like Plumbago zeylanica, contributes to Ayurvedic formulations, highlighting India's role in traditional medicine and its continued relevance in health care today.

5) Drug:
In the context of this study, 'drug' refers to herbal formulations, such as Chitrak Haritaki, used to promote health and treat ailments. The study aims to standardize these drugs through HPTLC methodology, ensuring quality control and effectiveness per the standards of traditional Ayurvedic practice.

6) Delhi:
Delhi, the capital of India, is a central hub for research and development in Ayurveda and pharmaceuticals. Institutions in Delhi, like the Pharmacopoeial Laboratory for Indian Medicine, play significant roles in the standardization and validation of Ayurvedic formulations, fostering advancements in herbal medicine and quality assurance.

7) New Delhi:
New Delhi, as the national capital, has expanded its role as a center for healthcare policy-making and traditional medicine integration. The focus on herbal products and standardization methods like HPTLC in New Delhi aligns with national priorities for health and wellness, influencing regulations on Ayurvedic practices.

8) Plumbago zeylanica:
Plumbago zeylanica, a key ingredient in Chitrak Haritaki, is renowned for its medicinal properties. This naphthoquinone-rich herb is employed in treating various ailments due to its anticancer and anti-inflammatory capabilities. Its study reveals its bioactive compounds, linking traditional knowledge with scientific validation in herbal medicine.

9) Medicine:
Medicine encompasses systems and practices aimed at promoting health and healing. In this context, Ayurvedic medicine represents an ancient alternative healing approach focusing on holistic well-being, utilizing natural ingredients like herbs, to restore balance, treat diseases, and enhance quality of life, underscoring the relevance of traditional healing practices.

10) Disease:
Disease refers to pathological conditions that affect health, for which traditional formulations like Chitrak Haritaki are used for treatment. The study highlights the efficacy of Ayurvedic preparations in managing diseases, including respiratory issues, linked to their active components, thereby emphasizing the significance of herbal medicine in modern health care.

11) Glass:
In the context of this research, glass refers to laboratory equipment such as glass chambers used in HPTLC. Quality glassware ensures accurate measurements and safe handling of solutions, reflecting the importance of reliable materials in conducting scientific experiments, thus ensuring data integrity and reproducibility of results in analysis.

12) Water:
Water plays a vital role in the extraction processes of herbal remedies, influencing the efficacy of the extracted phytochemicals. Its properties as a solvent make it essential for preparing decoctions, such as in the preparation of Chitrak Haritaki, linking hydration to the bioavailability of active compounds in herbal formulations.

13) Avaleha:
Avaleha signifies a specific Ayurvedic formulation that denotes a jam-like consistency made from herbs. Chitrak Haritaki is classified as Avaleha, showcasing its preparation method that preserves potent medicinal properties while enhancing palatability, thereby bridging traditional culinary practices with therapeutic applications in Ayurveda.

14) Lucknow:
Lucknow, known for its historical and cultural heritage, is a city where Ayurvedic practices are preserved. The presence of research institutions in Lucknow underscores its significance in advancing traditional medicine. The collaboration among researchers promotes studies on Ayurvedic formulations, contributing to national healthcare advancements.

15) Heating:
Heating is a critical process in the preparation of Ayurvedic formulations, like Chitrak Haritaki, where raw materials are transformed into medicinal products. This process helps in extracting and amalgamating bioactive compounds effectively, thereby enhancing the therapeutic efficacy of the final formulation, a fundamental principle in Ayurveda.

16) Bitter:
Bitter is a taste profile associated with many medicinal herbs, including those in Chitrak Haritaki. Bitter compounds are thought to stimulate digestion and improve metabolic functions. This quality underscores the traditional belief in the significance of taste in promoting health and the efficacy of herbal treatments.

17) Study (Studying):
Study refers to systematic research that aims to validate and analyze herbal formulations like Chitrak Haritaki. This research utilizes methods such as HPTLC to establish standards, ensuring the quality and efficacy of Ayurvedic medicines. Such studies bridge traditional practices with scientific methodologies, enhancing credibility and application.

18) Saha (Sāha, Shaha):
Dina Saha is an author cited in studies focusing on Indian medicinal plants and their pharmacological applications. His contributions to herbal research emphasize the importance of documenting indigenous knowledge, thus supporting the integration of traditional practices into contemporary healthcare frameworks and fostering a deeper understanding of herbal medicine.

19) Dina (Dīna, Dinā, Dīnā, Ḍīna, Ḍiṅa, Ḍina, Ḍīṅa):
Dina appears as part of a cited reference, representing contributions to Ayurvedic plant studies. The mention of researchers like Dina highlights the collaborative nature of scientific inquiry, showcasing the importance of interdisciplinary efforts in understanding herbal medicine, validating its therapeutic applications, and preserving traditional knowledge.

20) Terminalia chebula:
Terminalia chebula, known as Haritaki, is a key component of various Ayurvedic formulations. It is recognized for its digestion-enhancing and laxative properties. The presence of this herb in the study underlines its medicinal significance and supports the comprehensive understanding of its therapeutic roles within Ayurvedic practices.

21) Cinnamomum tamala:
Cinnamomum tamala, known as Tejpatra, is an integral herb in Ayurvedic formulations, contributing distinctive flavors and health benefits. Its incorporation into remedies reflects the relevance of aromatic and therapeutic plants in Ayurveda, emphasizing their roles in enhancing taste and promoting health through traditional medicinal practices.

22) Tuberculosis:
Tuberculosis is a serious infectious disease with significant health implications. Ayurvedic formulations like Chitrak Haritaki may be utilized to bolster respiratory health and support treatment. Understanding traditional approaches to managing such diseases is crucial for developing integrative treatment strategies that combine conventional and alternative medical practices.

23) Performance:
Performance in this context relates to the effectiveness of the developed HPTLC method in analyzing plumbagin content in Ayurvedic formulations. Evaluating performance ensures the method's reliability and accuracy, crucial for quality control in herbal medicine, thereby enhancing the trustworthiness of Ayurvedic treatments.

24) Yavakshara (Yava-kshara, Yavakṣāra, Yavakṣara):
Yavakshara is a traditional Ayurvedic ingredient associated with digestive aid and detoxification. Its addition in formulations like Chitrak Haritaki emphasizes the interplay of various herbal components working synergistically to enhance health outcomes, reflecting the holistic principles of Ayurveda in addressing multiple health issues through natural remedies.

25) Discussion:
Discussion refers to the analysis and interpretation of results obtained from the study, facilitating a deeper understanding of the significance and implications of findings. This critical component of research links results with existing knowledge, providing insights into the effectiveness of the HPTLC method for quality control of herbal medicines.

26) Ayurveda (Āyurveda, Ayus-veda):
Ayurveda is an ancient system of medicine rooted in the principles of balance and natural healing. This holistic approach emphasizes the use of herbs, dietary practices, and lifestyle modifications to treat ailments. Its relevance today reflects a growing interest in alternative medicine and the restoration of health through natural means.

27) Cinnamon:
Cinnamon, often included in Ayurvedic preparations for its flavor and health benefits, has antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties. Its use in formulations like Chitrak Haritaki highlights the value placed on palatability and the therapeutic potential of herbs, reinforcing the holistic dietary approach prevalent in Ayurvedic medicine.

28) Activity:
Activity refers to the biological effects or pharmacological properties of the compounds found in herbs like plumbagin. Understanding the activity of these compounds is essential for validating their medicinal use, supporting their role in traditional treatments, and offering insights into developing new therapeutic agents from natural sources.

29) Amalaki (Āmalakī, Āmalaki):
Amalaki, or Emblica officinalis, is a potent herb revered in Ayurveda for its antioxidant properties and health benefits. Its presence in formulations like Chitrak Haritaki underscores the importance of synergistic formulations in Ayurveda, maximizing medicinal efficacy and promoting a holistic approach to health enhancement.

30) Trikatu (Trikaṭu, Tri-katu):
Trikatu is a traditional Ayurvedic formula composed of three spices: black pepper, long pepper, and ginger, known for their digestive and metabolism-enhancing properties. Its inclusion in herbal formulations like Chitrak Haritaki signifies the Ayurveda principle of combining herbs to enhance digestive health and overall wellness.

31) Shivani (Śivaṇī, Śivānī):
Shivani, as an author, participates in research efforts that aim to validate and standardize Ayurvedic formulations. Such contributions underscore the collaborative nature of scientific research and the importance of tracing and preserving knowledge that accompanies traditional healing practices within the modern context.

32) Quality:
Quality in herbal medicine refers to the purity and efficacy of formulations. The study emphasizes the necessity for standards in Ayurvedic products, especially concerning active ingredients like plumbagin. High quality ensures safety and therapeutic effectiveness, addressing both consumer trust and regulatory expectations in herbal healthcare.

33) Leprosy:
Leprosy is a chronic infectious disease that historically has had significant social stigma. Its mention in the context of Ayurvedic medicine reflects traditional holistic approaches to treatment. Utilizing herbal preparations underscores the relevance of ancient practices in managing diseases that require both medical treatment and social support.

34) Jaggery:
Jaggery, a traditional sweetener derived from sugarcane or palm, is a component of Chitrak Haritaki. Its role in Ayurvedic formulations emphasizes the use of natural sweeteners to enhance flavor and provide nutritional benefits, reflecting Ayurveda's holistic view of combining taste with therapeutic effects.

35) Itching:
Itching is a common symptom resulting from various skin conditions, often treated in Ayurveda using herbal formulations. The presence of ingredients like Plumbago zeylanica underscores the focus on addressing symptom relief through natural remedies. Ayurveda promotes holistic healing, emphasizing a balance between internal and external treatments.

36) Tamala (Tamāla):
Tamala refers to Cinnamomum tamala, a tree whose leaves are used for their aromatic and medicinal properties in Ayurveda. Its incorporation in formulations contributes both flavor and therapeutic benefits, highlighting the practice of combining taste-enhancing herbs with those that serve specific health purposes in traditional medicine.

37) Ushana (Ūṣaṇa, Uśana, Uśanā, Uśānā, Uṣaṇa):
Ushana denotes attributes related to warmth or heat, often associated with properties of certain Ayurvedic herbs. It reflects the Ayurvedic principle of balancing bodily energies through the use of herbs, emphasizing the need for individualized treatment strategies based on one's constitution and natural elements in health management.

38) Bengal (Bemgal):
Bengal is a region in India rich in biodiversity and traditional medicine practices. Its mention suggests a context where herbs like Plumbago zeylanica are found and utilized in local Ayurvedic medicine, reinforcing the connection between regional plant resources and the cultural heritage of herbal remedies in India.

39) Family:
The term 'Family' in the context of botanical classification refers to groups of related plants sharing common characteristics. Plumbago zeylanica belongs to the Plumbaginaceae family, indicating its relationship to other species within this group, which can help in understanding its properties and potential medicinal uses.

40) Sharman (Śarma, Sarmā, Sarma, Sharma, Śarman):
Sharma is likely the name of an author involved in research concerning medicinal plants, contributing to the body of knowledge surrounding Ayurvedic formulations. The collaboration among researchers signifies the collective effort to validate traditional approaches within a scientific framework and expand knowledge of herbal medicine.

41) Powder:
Powder refers to the form in which many herbs, including those in Chitrak Haritaki, are processed. This form enhances the bioavailability and ease of use of the active components, reflecting the importance of processing methods in traditional medicine and the efficacy of herbal treatments in healing practices.

42) Pathin (Paṭhi, Pathi, Pāṭhin, Pathī):
Pathi signifies a set of traditional terminologies and concepts related to herbal formulation in Ayurveda. Understanding these terms, including their significance within the therapeutic context, aids in grasping the holistic approaches to health embraced in Ayurvedic practices, fostering a deeper appreciation of its cultural roots.

43) Kumar (Kumār):
Kumar typically represents a surname or title in Indian culture, often associated with individuals contributing to medicinal plant research. The mention of Kumar in this context illustrates the collaborative nature of research in Ayurveda, emphasizing the collective effort of scholars to validate and perpetuate traditional medicinal knowledge.

44) Bihar:
Bihar, a state in India, is rich in biodiversity and traditional medicine practices. The reference points to its contribution in sourcing medicinal plants like Plumbago zeylanica, reinforcing the significance of regional biodiversity and the cultural heritage of herbal practices as foundational aspects of Ayurveda and holistic health.

45) Honey:
Honey is a natural sweetener with numerous health benefits, often used in Ayurvedic formulations for its soothing and healing properties. Its integration in formulations like Chitrak Haritaki highlights the balance of taste and therapeutic attributes, reflecting the holistic principles of Ayurveda in promoting overall wellness through natural ingredients.

46) House:
House can reference institutions or organizations that conduct research, promote traditional medicine, or support healthcare practices, such as the Daya Publishing House. These entities help document and disseminate knowledge on Ayurveda, emphasizing the importance of integrating traditional wisdom into contemporary medical practices.

47) Acrid:
Acrid describes strong, harsh, or bitter tastes or sensations, often associated with certain medicinal plants. It points to the specific qualities of herbal ingredients like Plumbago zeylanica, which can have various physiological effects. Understanding acrid profiles enriches the holistic view of medicinal plant functions in Ayurveda.

48) Agni:
Agni, in Ayurvedic context, denotes digestive fire or metabolic energy that is crucial for health. Manipulating Agni is fundamental to treatment protocols, focusing on dietary practices and herbal remedies that support metabolic functions, which underscores the deep philosophical underpinnings guiding Ayurvedic health treatments.

49) Daya (Dayā, Dāya):
Daya refers to the name of a publishing house known for disseminating knowledge on Ayurveda and herbal medicine. This organization plays a crucial role in documenting and publishing research that explores traditional healing practices and their relevance in contemporary health care, promoting awareness and education.

50) Puri (Purī):
Puri indicates the name of an author or a contributor in the field of Ayurveda or medicinal plant research. The presence of various key figures such as Puri in studies reflects the collaborative nature of advancing herbal medicine, emphasizing the importance of collective knowledge in validating traditional practices.

51) Milk:
Milk is often used in Ayurvedic preparations for its nourishing properties and its ability to carry the medicinal qualities of herbs. The incorporation of milk in formulations highlights Ayurveda's holistic approach to health, where dietary elements are harmonized with herbal treatments for optimal therapeutic benefits.

52) Salt (Salty):
Salt is a common yet essential ingredient used in cooking and traditional medicine. In Ayurveda, salt is often utilized for its balancing qualities, aiming to promote harmony within the body. Its mention signifies the importance of dietary components in comprehensive healing practices and the broader approach of Ayurveda to health.

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Ayurvedic formulation, High performance thin layer chromatography, Anticancer activity, Chloroform extract, Standard deviation.

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