Pharmacognostical and phytochemical evaluation of fagonia schweinfurthii hadidi
Journal name: World Journal of Pharmaceutical Research
Original article title: Pharmacognostical and phytochemical evaluation of fagonia schweinfurthii hadidi
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Shailendra Sharma, Anil Bhandari , Dinesh Puri, Rambabu Sharma, Rajesh Verma, Amit Kumar
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Full text available for: Pharmacognostical and phytochemical evaluation of fagonia schweinfurthii hadidi
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Summary of article contents:
Introduction
Fagonia schweinfurthii hadidi, commonly known as dhamasa or dhamasia, belongs to the Zygophyllaceae family and has been utilized in Indian traditional medicine for various ailments, including gastrointestinal issues, fever, and skin problems. This annual to biennial plant primarily thrives in dry and desert regions, ranging from India to Tropical Africa. It is traditionally recognized for its medicinal properties, which span a wide array of conditions such as high acidity, glandular and skin diseases, and kidney stones. The study conducted aimed to provide detailed pharmacognostic and phytochemical evaluations to establish quality control measures for pharmaceutical applications.
Microscopic and Physicochemical Analysis
Microscopic examination of Fagonia schweinfurthii highlighted the presence of trichomes, stone cells, fibers, calcium oxalate crystals, and vessels. Additionally, physicochemical parameters were determined, revealing a total ash value of 10±0.3%, acid-insoluble ash of 2.5±0.5%, and water-soluble ash of 5±0.2%. The extractive values demonstrated the plant's potential as a medicinal resource, with water-soluble and alcohol-soluble extractive values measured at 80±1.5% and 24±1.2%, respectively. The pH levels for 1% and 10% aqueous solutions were observed at 6.09 and 5.07, indicating a mild acidity.
Phytochemical Constituents
Preliminary phytochemical screening revealed a diverse array of constituents within the plant extracts. Alkaloids, cardiac glycosides, flavonoids, carbohydrates, tannins, and amino acids were identified across different extracts. The chloroform extract exhibited the highest yield (5%), while the ethanolic extract yielded 3.2%. The hydroalcoholic and aqueous extracts each presented yields of 4.1%. This comprehensive analysis indicates the potential of Fagonia schweinfurthii as a rich source of bioactive compounds that could contribute to various therapeutic applications.
Pharmacological Relevance
Research has highlighted the pharmacological activities associated with various species of the Fagonia genus. Studies have reported anti-inflammatory, wound healing, and antimicrobial properties, suggesting a potential application in treating skin diseases and other conditions. For instance, the anti-cancer properties of Fagonia cretica have been investigated, demonstrating efficacy against breast cancer cell proliferation. Comparative research on other Fagonia species emphasizes their therapeutic potential, supporting the notion that Fagonia schweinfurthii may serve as a valuable resource for medicinal practices.
Conclusion
This research on Fagonia schweinfurthii hadidi has established foundational pharmacognostic details that can aid in identifying the species for quality control in herbal formulations. By documenting the plant's microscopic features, physicochemical properties, and phytochemical profiles, the study supports the authenticity and medicinal efficacy of this traditional remedy. The findings underscore the importance of such evaluations in promoting the usage of medicinal plants in modern pharmacopeia, paving the way for further exploration into their therapeutic potential.
FAQ section (important questions/answers):
What is Fagonia schweinfurthii hadidi commonly known as?
Fagonia schweinfurthii hadidi is commonly known as dhamasa or dhamasia and is part of the Zygophyllaceae family.
What are the traditional uses of Fagonia schweinfurthii hadidi?
Traditionally, it is used for treating various ailments such as stomach problems, fever, skin issues, and conditions like high acidity and kidney stones.
What are the notable physical characteristics of Fagonia schweinfurthii hadidi?
This plant is an annual to biennial species, growing up to 25 cm tall, with prostrate to erect branches and trifoliolate lower leaves.
What methods were used for the pharmacognostic evaluation of the plant?
The study involved microscopy, physicochemical parameter determination, fluorescence analysis, extraction, and preliminary phytochemical screening.
What are the preliminary phytochemical constituents identified in the plant?
Preliminary screening revealed the presence of alkaloids, cardiac glycosides, flavonoids, carbohydrates, tannins, amino acids, and saponins in different extracts.
How was the plant material prepared for extraction and analysis?
The whole plant was shade dried for 2-3 weeks, crushed into powder, and subjected to solvent extraction using Soxhlet apparatus.
Glossary definitions and references:
Scientific and Ayurvedic Glossary list for “Pharmacognostical and phytochemical evaluation of fagonia schweinfurthii hadidi”. This list explains important keywords that occur in this article and links it to the glossary for a better understanding of that concept in the context of Ayurveda and other topics.
1) Sharman (Śarma, Sarmā, Sarma, Sharma, Śarman):
Sharma refers to the lead author of the study, Shailendra Sharma. His work contributes significantly to the field of pharmacognosy, focusing on the medicinal properties and evaluation of Fagonia schweinfurthii hadidi. His research emphasizes traditional medicine and the importance of scientific validation in herbal studies.
2) Powder:
Powder denotes the form in which the dried plant material of Fagonia schweinfurthii was processed for various analyses. It is a common method in herbal studies to assess physicochemical properties and phytochemical constituents, allowing researchers to study the bioactive compounds effectively and their potential therapeutic applications.
3) Table:
Table represents a structured format used to present data succinctly. In the study, tables summarize findings on the physicochemical parameters, fluorescence analysis, and phytochemical screening of Fagonia schweinfurthii. This organization aids in the clarity of data interpretation, making it easier for the reader to access key information at a glance.
4) Water:
Water is a crucial solvent used in the extraction of phytochemicals from the plant. The aqueous extract of Fagonia schweinfurthii hadidi revealed essential constituents relevant to traditional medicine. Water solubility is vital since it relates to how compounds may be absorbed by the human body during therapeutic use.
5) Phytochemical:
Phytochemical refers to the bioactive compounds found in plants, which can offer various health benefits. The study of Fagonia schweinfurthii identifies several phytochemicals, such as alkaloids and flavonoids, which are associated with medicinal properties like anti-inflammatory and analgesic effects, emphasizing the plant's potential in herbal medicine.
6) Disease:
Disease pertains to the health conditions traditionally treated with Fagonia schweinfurthii, such as inflammation and fever. Understanding the relationship between the plant’s pharmacological activity and these diseases is critical for validating its medicinal use and for potential pharmaceutical applications in alleviating symptoms of various ailments.
7) Activity:
Activity in this context refers to the biological effects exhibited by the phytochemicals present in Fagonia schweinfurthii. The study aims to assess these activities, which include anti-inflammatory and antimicrobial effects, thereby establishing the efficacy of the plant in treating diseases and contributing to herbal pharmacology.
8) Study (Studying):
Study signifies the research conducted to evaluate Fagonia schweinfurthii's pharmacognostical and phytochemical properties. It includes systematic methodologies such as microscopy, extraction, and screening techniques to provide an evidence base for the plant's traditional medicinal uses. This comprehensive approach supports the validation of herbal practices.
9) India:
India is the geographic region where Fagonia schweinfurthii is traditionally used in medicine. The cultural context of Indian herbal remedies emphasizes the importance of plants in the traditional healthcare system, compelling scientific investigations like this study to document and validate the historical therapeutic applications of native species.
10) Species:
Species refers to Fagonia schweinfurthii hadidi, the focus of the pharmacognostical study. Identifying the species is crucial for accurate herbal medicine application because different species within the same genus can have varying therapeutic potentials and pharmacological profiles, influencing their effectiveness and safety in treatments.
11) Pharmacognostical:
Pharmacognostical pertains to the branch of pharmacology that deals with herbal medicines and their constituents. The study investigates the pharmacognostic characteristics of Fagonia schweinfurthii, providing insights into its identification, quality control, and therapeutic potentials, thereby bridging traditional knowledge with scientific research.
12) Inflammation:
Inflammation is a common ailment associated with various diseases that Fagonia schweinfurthii may address. Understanding the anti-inflammatory properties of the plant supports its traditional use in healing conditions characterized by redness, swelling, and pain, showcasing the therapeutic relevance of herbal extracts in managing inflammatory responses.
13) Shailendra (Śailendra, Shaila-indra, Shailemdra):
Shailendra refers to Shailendra Sharma, the primary author of the research. His expertise and contributions to pharmacognosy are pivotal in conducting studies that explore the medicinal properties of plants, thereby enhancing the scientific understanding of their uses in traditional medicine and validating their applications in pharmaceuticals.
14) Science (Scientific):
Science underscores the methodological approach taken in the study, applying systematic investigation techniques to validate traditional medicine claims. The scientific process helps establish evidence-based knowledge about Fagonia schweinfurthii's pharmacological properties, ensuring its safe and effective use in healthcare, contributing to the field of herbal pharmacology.
15) Cancer:
Cancer is a significant area of research in relation to medicinal plants. While the study primarily focuses on other ailments, references to Fagonia species linked to anticancer activity highlight the broader relevance of pharmacognostical research in discovering new treatments and therapies for complex diseases like cancer.
16) Nature:
Nature encompasses the natural environment and the origin of Fagonia schweinfurthii as a plant species. It reflects the ecological context where the plant thrives, underlining the importance of biodiversity in providing resources for traditional medicine, which leads to valuable discoveries in herbal pharmacology.
17) Fever:
Fever is one of the conditions treated using Fagonia schweinfurthii in traditional medicine. The study's emphasis on medicinal efficacy showcases the plant's role as a potential therapeutic agent in managing febrile conditions, linking ethnobotanical knowledge with modern scientific validation in herbal treatments.
18) Blood:
Blood signifies its relevance in traditional formulations where Fagonia schweinfurthii is used as a blood purifier. The study's focus on the plant's pharmacological properties aims to explore how its constituents affect blood-related ailments, thus strengthening the connection between herbal practices and their physiological impacts on health.
19) Drug:
Drug highlights the potential for Fagonia schweinfurthii to be developed into a medicinal product. The study's findings support the idea of utilizing the plant's extracts as active pharmaceutical ingredients, reinforcing the relevance of pharmacognostic research in the commercialization of herbal remedies for contemporary health issues.
20) Tinospora cordifolia:
Tinospora cordifolia is another medicinal plant mentioned in the study, known for its therapeutic uses in traditional medicine. Its inclusion emphasizes the significance of particular species in the herbal pharmacopoeia, promoting comparative analysis among different plants regarding their efficacy and roles in addressing various health conditions.
21) Rubia cordifolia:
Rubia cordifolia, like Tinospora cordifolia, is noted for its medicinal properties and is relevant in discussions about traditional remedies. This reference underscores the interconnectedness of herbal species within the Indian pharmacopoeia, prompting investigations into their collective pharmacological activities and therapeutic applications for various ailments.
22) Pharmacological:
Pharmacological pertains to the study of drug action and can be applied to the constituents of Fagonia schweinfurthii. Evaluating the pharmacological properties of the plant enhances our understanding of its beneficial effects on human health, contributing to the development of herbal medicines based on traditional uses.
23) Discussion:
Discussion entails the interpretation of research findings and their implications. In the context of the study, it focuses on the significance of the results in relation to existing literature, potential medical applications, and future research directions, emphasizing the ongoing dialogue between traditional knowledge and scientific investigation.
24) Rajasthan (Rājasthān):
Rajasthan is the region from where Fagonia schweinfurthii was collected for study. Its geographic and climatic conditions influence the plant's growth and phytochemical properties, reinforcing the importance of location in herbal research and the traditional uses associated with specific terrains or ecosystems.
25) Container:
Container refers to the storage method used for powdered plant material to maintain its freshness and prevent degradation. Proper storage is crucial in pharmacognostic studies to ensure the integrity of samples for analysis, allowing for reliable results relating to the plant's chemical properties and therapeutic potential.
26) Flavonoid:
Flavonoid is a class of phytochemicals identified in the study, known for their antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties. The presence of flavonoids in Fagonia schweinfurthii suggests potential health benefits, warranting further exploration of their roles in traditional medicine and contributions to the plant's therapeutic effects.
27) Medicine:
Medicine relates to the field of health and healing wherein Fagonia schweinfurthii is positioned as a significant herbal remedy. The study aims to provide scientific validation for the plant’s traditional medicinal claims, emphasizing its role in contemporary medicine and the broader implications for health care.
28) Quality:
Quality emphasizes the importance of standardization and analysis in herbal medicine. The pharmacognostical evaluation undertaken in this study aims to establish quality control measures for Fagonia schweinfurthii, ensuring that herbal products are safe, effective, and consistent in their therapeutic properties for users.
29) Leprosy:
Leprosy is mentioned as a traditional indication for Fagonia schweinfurthii usage, showcasing the plant's historical context in treating this disease. The study's exploration of the plant’s pharmacological effects contributes to understanding its application in treating severe skin conditions and reflects the integration of traditional knowledge into modern practices.
30) Surface:
Surface pertains to the anatomical characteristics analyzed through microscopy in the study. The examination of the surface structures of Fagonia schweinfurthii is essential for identifying the species and understanding its morphological traits, adding depth to the pharmacognostic profile of the plant.
31) Allergy:
Allergy refers to health conditions that Fagonia schweinfurthii might address, particularly in light of its traditional uses. The study attempts to correlate the plant's pharmacological activities with its applications in managing allergic reactions, highlighting its relevance in herbal medicine for contemporary health issues.
32) Itching:
Itching is a symptom treated by Fagonia schweinfurthii in traditional medicine, often related to skin ailments. Researching the plant’s efficacy in alleviating itching not only validates its historical use but also supports its therapeutic potential against skin disorders, reinforcing its place in herbal pharmacotherapy.
33) Family:
Family in this context refers to the family Zygophyllaceae, which includes Fagonia schweinfurthii. Understanding the botanical classification is critical for identifying similar species and their potential medicinal properties, showcasing the diversity within the family and informing future research on related plants.
34) Indian:
Indian signifies the cultural and historical context of the study, where Fagonia schweinfurthii is used in traditional Indian medicine. The research aims to bridge the gap between traditional herbal knowledge and modern scientific inquiry, emphasizing India's rich biodiversity and its contributions to global herbal practices.
35) Kumar (Kumār):
Kumar is part of the research team, contributing to the collaborative effort in investigating Fagonia schweinfurthii. The collective expertise of researchers like Kumar is essential for conducting comprehensive studies, enhancing the overall understanding of pharmacological properties and supporting cooperation in the field of herbal science.
36) Edema (Oedema):
Edema refers to the swelling caused by excess fluid retention, which is one of the conditions potentially alleviated by Fagonia schweinfurthii. The study explores the plant's pharmacological properties in relation to conditions like edema, aiming to substantiate traditional claims regarding its therapeutic efficacy.
37) Cutan (Cūtaṉ, Cutaṉ, Cūṭaṉ):
Sudan is mentioned in the study as part of the plant's geographic distribution. Understanding where plants grow provides insight into their traditional uses and potential pharmacological benefits, suggesting the broader relevance of Fagonia schweinfurthii within the contexts of various cultural herbal practices and its ecological adaptability.
38) Puri (Purī):
Puri is another contributing author to the study, highlighting the collaborative nature of research. His involvement signifies the importance of teamwork in pharmacognostical studies, ensuring a multi-disciplinary approach that combines various expertise, which ultimately enriches the research outcome and knowledge in herbal pharmacology.
39) Pain (Paiṇ):
Pain is a common symptom addressed by traditional remedies, including Fagonia schweinfurthii. The study aims to elucidate the mechanisms through which the plant may exert analgesic effects, linking its traditional uses to modern pharmacological insights, thus enhancing its application in pain management strategies.
Other Science Concepts:
Discover the significance of concepts within the article: ‘Pharmacognostical and phytochemical evaluation of fagonia schweinfurthii hadidi’. Further sources in the context of Science might help you critically compare this page with similair documents:
Flavonoid, Skin disease, Microscopy, Indian system of medicine, Pharmacological activity, Preliminary phytochemical screening, Pharmacognostical evaluation, Anti-inflammatory, Water soluble ash, Total ash value, Acid insoluble ash, Microscopic studies, Amino acid, Tannin, Soxhlet extraction, Physicochemical Parameter, Alkaloid, Cardiac glycoside, Carbohydrate.
Concepts being referred in other categories, contexts and sources.