Antiulcer activity of chloroform extract of phoenix dactylifera linn. leaves
Journal name: World Journal of Pharmaceutical Research
Original article title: Antiulcer activity of chloroform extract of phoenix dactylifera linn. leaves
The WJPR includes peer-reviewed publications such as scientific research papers, reports, review articles, company news, thesis reports and case studies in areas of Biology, Pharmaceutical industries and Chemical technology while incorporating ancient fields of knowledge such combining Ayurveda with scientific data.
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Atul Kumar Gangwar, Ashoke K.Ghosh and Vikas Saxena
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Full text available for: Antiulcer activity of chloroform extract of phoenix dactylifera linn. leaves
Source type: An International Peer Reviewed Journal for Pharmaceutical and Medical and Scientific Research
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Summary of article contents:
Introduction
Phoenix dactylifera Linn., commonly known as the date palm, has been cultivated in the Middle East for over 6000 years and is regarded as a "tree of life" due to its high nutritional value and versatility. The leaves of this plant contain various chemical constituents, notably flavonoids, which have been documented for their ulcer healing properties. Given the prevalence of peptic ulcers induced by stress, smoking, and the use of non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, research was conducted to assess the anti-ulcer activity of chloroform extracts of date palm leaves, using a pylorus ligation method in Wistar rats.
Anti-Ulcer Activity of Chloroform Extract
The study evaluated the anti-ulcer effectiveness of chloroform extracts of Phoenix dactylifera leaves at two doses (200 mg/kg and 400 mg/kg), compared to the standard drug ranitidine (50 mg/kg). The pylorus ligation method resulted in increased gastric acid accumulation, leading to ulceration. Treatment with the date palm leaf extract significantly reduced the mean ulcer score and ulcer index while decreasing gastric content and acidity and increasing pH in a dose-dependent manner. The results suggested that the chloroform extract exhibited significant gastroprotective properties, highlighting its potential as a treatment for peptic ulcers.
Phytochemical Components and Their Role
Phytochemical analysis of the chloroform extract identified the presence of compounds such as flavonoids, terpenoids, alkaloids, and glycosides. The flavonoids specifically play a crucial role in offering cytoprotection, enhancing mucus and bicarbonate secretion, and mitigating the effects of oxidative stress in the gastrointestinal tract. Their presence is directly linked to the significant increase in antiulcer activity observed, suggesting that flavonoids are likely the primary contributors to the gastroprotective effects of the Phoenix dactylifera leaf extract.
Methodology and Results
For the experimental study, adult male albino rats were subjected to the pylorus ligation method, resulting in measurable gastric secretions. The results indicated that the control group exhibited significant gastric acid accumulation (5.2 ml) with a pH of 3.11. In contrast, the treated groups showed a reduction in gastric secretions and total acidity, with the highest dose (400 mg/kg) resulting in a pH increase to 3.98. The extracts' effects led to calculated percentage inhibitions of ulceration at 26.36% and 25.54% for the respective doses, compared favorably to ranitidine, which provided 51.63% inhibition.
Conclusion
The findings of this study strongly suggest that the chloroform extract of Phoenix dactylifera leaves possesses significant anti-ulcer activity. Its effectiveness is attributed to the presence of flavonoids and other pharmacologically active compounds that enhance gastric mucus production and combat oxidative damage. Given the traditional uses of this plant and its demonstrated pharmacological benefits, the leaves of Phoenix dactylifera may offer a valuable natural remedy for peptic ulcers, warranting further research and exploration in both clinical and therapeutic settings.
FAQ section (important questions/answers):
What is the purpose of this study on Phoenix dactylifera leaves?
The study aims to assess the anti-ulcer activity of chloroform extract of Phoenix dactylifera leaves, focusing on their potential healing properties for peptic ulcers.
What method was used to induce gastric ulcers in rats?
The pylorus ligation method was employed, where the pyloric end of the stomach is ligated to accumulate gastric secretions and induce ulceration.
What were the doses of the chloroform extract tested?
The study evaluated the anti-ulcer activity of chloroform extract at two doses: 200 mg/kg and 400 mg/kg, compared to the standard drug Ranitidine.
What significant effects were observed from the chloroform extract?
Administration of the chloroform extract significantly reduced gastric content, acidity levels, and mean ulcer scores, suggesting gastroprotective activity in a dose-dependent manner.
What phytochemical compounds are present in Phoenix dactylifera leaves?
Preliminary analysis showed the presence of alkaloids, flavonoids, terpenoids, and glycosides, which are believed to contribute to the anti-ulcer properties of the leaves.
Who conducted the identification and histopathological analysis of the plant?
Dr. Alok Kumar Khare identified the plant, while Dr. M. Houqe assisted with the histopathological analysis at the I.V.R.I, Izatnagar, Bareilly, UP, India.
Glossary definitions and references:
Scientific and Ayurvedic Glossary list for “Antiulcer activity of chloroform extract of phoenix dactylifera linn. leaves”. This list explains important keywords that occur in this article and links it to the glossary for a better understanding of that concept in the context of Ayurveda and other topics.
1) Ulcer:
Ulcer refers to a sore that develops on the lining of the gastrointestinal tract, commonly in the stomach and duodenum. Understanding ulcers is essential in evaluating the antiulcerogenic properties of herbal extracts like that of Phoenix dactylifera, which could lead to enhanced treatments for affected individuals.
2) Animal:
Animal research is critical in pharmacological studies as it allows scientists to observe physiological and biological effects of treatments like drug extracts on organisms. In this study, Wistar rats were employed to investigate the therapeutic potential of Phoenix dactylifera leaves against gastric ulcers.
3) Drug:
Drugs are substances used for medical purposes to treat or prevent diseases. In this research, Ranitidine served as a standard antiulcer drug against which the efficacy of the chloroform extract of Phoenix dactylifera leaves was compared, highlighting the importance of testing new therapeutic agents.
4) Flavonoid:
Flavonoids are bioactive compounds found in plants that exhibit a range of health benefits, including anti-inflammatory and antioxidant properties. The presence of flavonoids in Phoenix dactylifera leaves is hypothesized to contribute significantly to their antiulcer activity, marking them as crucial components in gut health.
5) Activity:
Activity in a pharmacological context refers to the effects or benefits provided by a substance, such as its capacity to promote healing. The study focused on the antiulcer activity of the chloroform extract from date palm leaves, contributing to knowledge in herbal medicine.
6) Science (Scientific):
Scientific refers to a methodical approach to inquiry based on evidence and observation. This study embodies a scientific investigation into the medicinal properties of a plant extract, reinforcing the importance of rigorous methodologies in validating traditional health claims.
7) India:
India is known for its rich biodiversity and traditional medicinal practices. The study of Phoenix dactylifera, a significant plant in Indian heritage, underscores the potential of indigenous flora in addressing modern health challenges, particularly in the field of pharmacy and pharmacognosy.
8) Study (Studying):
Study denotes the detailed examination of phenomena to gain understanding. In this paper, the study of the gastro protective effects of Phoenix dactylifera leaves indicates the significance of exploring natural remedies for health improvement and expanding the horizons of modern pharmaceuticals.
9) Water:
Water is essential for life and plays multiple roles in biological experiments. In this study, water was used to dilute gastric juice for pH measurements, demonstrating its importance in laboratory processes and ensuring valid results in assessing the efficacy of the herbal extract on ulcer healing.
10) Toxicity:
Toxicity pertains to the degree to which a substance can harm organisms. The acute toxicity studies conducted on the chloroform extract of Phoenix dactylifera leaves aimed to ascertain its safety, essential for establishing appropriate doses for further experimental studies related to its therapeutic effects.
11) Kumar (Kumār):
Kumar, in this context, likely refers to Atul Kumar Gangwar, the primary author of the study. His contributions to pharmacology and research in traditional medicine are underscored, reflecting the roles of academic professionals in advancing the understanding of herbal therapies.
12) Table:
Tables serve as a method of organizing and presenting data in research. The tables included in the study summarize quantitative findings on gastric contents, pH, acidity, and ulcer index, allowing for easier comparison of results across different treatment groups in an accessible format.
13) Accumulation (Accumulating, Accumulate):
Accumulation refers to the build-up of substances over time. In this study, the accumulation of gastric secretions due to pyloric ligation is a primary aspect under investigation, illustrating how certain interventions can mitigate excessive gastric juice and reduce ulceration in experimental models.
14) Life:
Life signifies the state of biological organisms, often used in discussions about health and wellness. The study explores herbal treatments for improving life quality by addressing peptic ulcers, thereby contributing to better overall health outcomes through natural remedies.
15) Cage (Cāge):
Cages are used to house animals during research to ensure safety, comfort, and proper observation. The treatment of Wistar rats in uniquely designed cages during their trials is crucial for following ethical standards and ensuring the validity of the experiment's outcomes.
16) New Delhi:
New Delhi is the capital city of India and a center for administrative and educational activities. In this research context, references to places like New Delhi connect the work to broader scientific and governmental frameworks, which support research initiatives on traditional medicine.
17) Pharmacological:
Pharmacological pertains to the study of drug action and interactions in biological systems. This paper investigates the pharmacological properties of Phoenix dactylifera leaves, adding to the body of knowledge about natural substances used in the treatment of diseases like gastric ulcers.
18) Phytochemical:
Phytochemical refers to the chemical compounds produced by plants, many of which have health benefits. The phytochemical profile of Phoenix dactylifera leaves, specifically their flavonoid content, is central to understanding their therapeutic properties, illustrating the intersection of botany and medicine.
19) Discussion:
Discussion is a critical section in research papers where results are interpreted and implications are drawn. In this study, the discussion elaborates on the antiulcer activity findings, connecting them to known properties of flavonoids and urging further research into natural remedies.
20) Varanasi (Vārāṇasī, Varanashi, Vārāṇasi, Varaṇasī, Varāṇasī, Vāraṇasī, Vāraṇāsī):
Varanasi is a city in India known for its historical and cultural significance. Its mention in this research links local practices and agricultural practices relevant to herbal medicine, emphasizing the cultural context of using plants like Phoenix dactylifera in healthcare.
21) Species:
Species denotes a group of organisms that can interbreed. In the context of this study, the species Phoenix dactylifera is studied for its pharmacological benefits, highlighting the significance of biodiversity in finding effective treatments for gastrointestinal ailments.
22) Kendra (Kēndra, Kemdra):
Kendra, meaning 'center' in Hindi, often refers to institutions that provide education or research services. Its inclusion in the text is indicative of local businesses supporting animal welfare and research, underscoring its role in scientific advancements in India.
23) Family:
Family denotes the categorization of related species in biological classification. The family Arecaceae includes Phoenix dactylifera, emphasizing its botanical significance and the importance of understanding its relationships within broader ecological and medicinal contexts.
24) Farmer:
Farmers are individuals engaged in agriculture, playing crucial roles in cultivating plants like Phoenix dactylifera. Their contribution is significant in sourcing plant material for research on traditional medicine, thereby bridging agriculture and science in promoting health.
25) Saxena (Sakshena, Saksena):
Saxena likely refers to Vikas Saxena, a co-author of the study. His involvement signifies the collaborative effort in the research process, essential for broadening understanding in pharmaceutical sciences and contributing to validating traditional use of plants.
26) Botany:
Botany is the science of studying plants, crucial for understanding their properties and uses. This research emphasizes botanical studies of Phoenix dactylifera leaves to derive potential medicinal benefits, illustrating the interdisciplinary nature of pharmacological research.
27) Pashu (Paśu, Pasu):
Pashu, meaning 'animal' in Hindi, pertains to the use of animal models in research. This highlights the ethical considerations and responsibilities of researchers in using animals for scientific experimentation and ensuring humane treatment during studies.
28) Delhi:
Delhi, as a metropolitan area, is a hub for education and research in India. Its mention connects the study of Phoenix dactylifera leaves to broader networks of scientific inquiry and institutional support that facilitate such research efforts.
29) Glass:
Glassware, such as containers and beakers, is commonly used in laboratory experiments. The use of glass in the study to measure gastric contents illustrates the importance of proper materials in conducting precise scientific measurements and experiments.
30) Aahar:
Aahar translates to 'food' in Hindi and is relevant in contexts discussing dietary intake. Its significance in the study is reflective of exploring natural food sources, reinforcing the relationship between diet and medicinal plants like Phoenix dactylifera in healthcare.
31) Sugar:
Sugar, a primary nutrient in date fruits, highlights the nutritional aspect of Phoenix dactylifera. Understanding the composition and benefits of natural sugars from such plants bridges discussions on dietary health and potential therapeutic applications.
32) House:
House may refer to the establishment of entities such as organizations or institutions involved in scientific research. Its inclusion emphasizes the collaborative environments in which studies like these are conducted, enhancing knowledge in herbal and pharmaceutical sciences.
33) Blood:
Blood is vital in understanding overall health and physiological responses. While not explicitly central to this study, it underlies the importance of examining functional systems in organisms that might be affected by ulcerations and their healing mechanisms.
34) Male (Mālē):
Male refers to the sex of research subjects used in the study, specifically adult male albino rats. Gender is critical in preclinical studies as physiological differences can impact treatment responses and efficacy, emphasizing careful selection of study subjects.
35) Food:
Food involves any substance consumed to nourish the body. The relevance of food within this study extends to the understanding of how plant constituents in diet may affect health outcomes, specifically in investigating the healing potential of date palm leaves.
36) Tree:
Tree signifies the botanical form of plants, and in this context, represents the Phoenix dactylifera. Recognizing the tree's significance connects traditional knowledge about its benefits with scientific inquiry into its pharmacological properties and health applications.
37) Diet:
Diet encompasses the types of food consumed by organisms. In studying animals and their responses to herbal treatments, understanding their diet becomes essential in evaluating potential therapeutic benefits and nutritional offerings from plants like Phoenix dactylifera.
38) Fish:
Fish refers to aquatic species that have been known to benefit from dietary supplements. In certain contexts, including studies on digestive health, fish diets might incorporate plant materials that could enhance overall health, drawing parallels with land-based medicinal plants.
Other Science Concepts:
Discover the significance of concepts within the article: ‘Antiulcer activity of chloroform extract of phoenix dactylifera linn. leaves’. Further sources in the context of Science might help you critically compare this page with similair documents:
Flavonoid, Gastric juice, Peptic ulcer, Nutritional value, Antioxidant properties, Acute toxicity study, Ulcer index, Significant increase, Dose-dependent manner, Standard drug, Chloroform extract, Total acidity, Experimental protocol, Gastric ulcer, Pyloric ligation, Free acidity, Experimental findings, Preliminary phytochemical analysis, Acute oral toxicity study, Ulcer Healing Properties, Ulcer inhibition, Adult Male Albino Rats, Phoenix dactylifera leaves, Histopathological images, Active compound, Institutional Animals Ethics Committee, Ranitidine, Determination of pH, Bicarbonate secretion, Gastric content, Mean ulcer score, Gastro protection.