Cell viability of cubic gold nanoparticles from Alternanthera sessilis.
Journal name: World Journal of Pharmaceutical Research
Original article title: Cell viability studies of cubic gold nanoparticles synthesized using the extract of alternanthera sessilis
The WJPR includes peer-reviewed publications such as scientific research papers, reports, review articles, company news, thesis reports and case studies in areas of Biology, Pharmaceutical industries and Chemical technology while incorporating ancient fields of knowledge such combining Ayurveda with scientific data.
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M. Jannathul Firdhouse and P. Lalitha
World Journal of Pharmaceutical Research:
(An ISO 9001:2015 Certified International Journal)
Full text available for: Cell viability studies of cubic gold nanoparticles synthesized using the extract of alternanthera sessilis
Source type: An International Peer Reviewed Journal for Pharmaceutical and Medical and Scientific Research
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Summary of article contents:
1) Introduction
Nanotechnology is an emerging field focused on creating nanoscale materials with distinct properties that enable various applications, including optoelectronics, energy systems, and biomedical fields. Among the different types of nanoparticles, gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) have gained attention for their unique characteristics and biocompatibility. This study explores the synthesis of gold nanoparticles using the aqueous extract of the plant Alternanthera sessilis and examines their cell viability through MCF-7 cancer cell line studies. The findings indicate that the biogenic gold nanoparticles exhibit non-toxic properties, paving the way for applications in molecular imaging and therapy.
2) Synthesis and Characterization of Gold Nanoparticles
The synthesis of gold nanoparticles was successfully carried out using various concentrations of aqueous extract from Alternanthera sessilis mixed with a gold chloride solution under different conditions: room temperature, elevated temperature, and sonication. The formation of the nanoparticles was confirmed through UV-visible spectroscopy, which showed typical absorption peaks evidencing the presence of gold nanoparticles. Additional characterization methods, including X-ray diffraction (XRD) and Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM), indicated that the synthesized nanoparticles were primarily cubic in shape and had a size of less than 100 nm, demonstrating the effectiveness of the plant extract as a reducing and capping agent.
3) Cell Viability Studies
Cell viability assays were conducted on MCF-7, a human breast cancer cell line, to assess the toxicity of the synthesized gold nanoparticles. The MTT assay results showed a remarkable 99% viability at the lowest concentration of gold nanoparticles after 24 hours, indicating that these biogenic nanoparticles do not exhibit acute toxicity to the cells tested. This finding contrasts with the high toxicity of the gold salt precursor, demonstrating a distinct advantage for the gold nanoparticles synthesized from the plant extract, which may offer enhanced biocompatibility compared to chemically synthesized alternatives.
4) Implications for Biomedical Applications
The non-toxic nature of the biogenic gold nanoparticles synthesized from Alternanthera sessilis opens up new opportunities for their applications in biomedical fields, particularly in molecular imaging and therapy. The study emphasizes the importance of capping agents—natural phytochemicals in this case—in enhancing biocompatibility and reducing cytotoxic effects. As a result, these biogenic gold nanoparticles could be considered safer alternatives for various medical applications, especially when compared to those synthesized through conventional chemical methods which often involve toxic reagents.
5) Conclusion
In conclusion, this research highlights an eco-friendly and facile method for synthesizing gold nanoparticles using the aqueous extract of Alternanthera sessilis. The characterization of these nanoparticles confirms their cubic shape and small size, alongside the promising results from cell viability studies. The non-toxic nature of these biogenic nanoparticles indicates their potential for safe applications in molecular imaging and therapies, showing that the choice of synthesis method and capping agents plays a crucial role in the biocompatibility and cytotoxicity of nanoparticles. Further exploration in this area may lead to broader applications in medical science.
FAQ section (important questions/answers):
What type of plant extract was used for nanoparticle synthesis?
Gold nanoparticles were synthesized using the aqueous extract of Alternanthera sessilis, a weed known for its medicinal properties.
How were gold nanoparticles characterized in this study?
The synthesized gold nanoparticles were characterized using UV-visible spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction (XRD), and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) to confirm their formation and size.
What were the findings regarding the toxicity of gold nanoparticles?
The cell viability testing on MCF-7 cell lines by MTT assay showed that the gold nanoparticles were non-toxic, even at higher concentrations.
What methods were used for synthesizing gold nanoparticles?
Gold nanoparticles were synthesized under different conditions including room temperature, elevated temperature, and sonication, with sonication being the most effective for smaller nanoparticles.
What shape and size were the synthesized gold nanoparticles?
The synthesized gold nanoparticles were found to be cubic in shape, with sizes less than 100 nm.
What potential applications do these biogenic gold nanoparticles have?
Due to their non-toxic nature, these biogenic gold nanoparticles present new opportunities for safe applications in molecular imaging and cancer therapy.
Glossary definitions and references:
Scientific and Ayurvedic Glossary list for “Cell viability of cubic gold nanoparticles from Alternanthera sessilis.”. This list explains important keywords that occur in this article and links it to the glossary for a better understanding of that concept in the context of Ayurveda and other topics.
1) Gold (Golden):
Gold nanoparticles have unique optical and electronic properties, which make them valuable in various applications such as biomedical imaging and therapy. The study discusses the synthesis of gold nanoparticles from the plant extract, emphasizing their non-toxic nature, which offers potential for safe application in medical sciences.
2) Line:
The MCF-7 cell line, used in the study, is a widely utilized model for human breast cancer research. It allows for the evaluation of the cytotoxic effects of substances, such as gold nanoparticles. This relevance highlights the importance of choosing appropriate cell lines in toxicity studies.
3) Toxicity:
Toxicity refers to the degree to which a substance can damage living organisms. The research focused on assessing the cytotoxicity of biogenic gold nanoparticles on cancerous and non-cancerous cell lines, showing that these nanoparticles exhibit non-toxic properties, therefore presenting potential for safe therapeutic applications.
4) Nature:
The term 'nature' in the study refers to the inherent qualities of materials, such as biocompatibility and reduction characteristics of plant extracts. The non-toxic nature of biogenic gold nanoparticles synthesized using Alternanthera sessilis epitomizes the importance of natural sources in developing safer nanoparticle therapies.
5) Medium:
In cell culture, the medium is a nutrient solution used to nurture cells. This study utilized Eagle's Minimum Essential Medium enriched with fetal bovine serum. Proper medium is critical for maintaining cell health, which is crucial for evaluating the effects of gold nanoparticles on cell viability.
6) Science (Scientific):
The study is rooted in nanoscience and biochemistry, exploring innovative methods for synthesizing gold nanoparticles using plant extracts. This highlights the interdisciplinary nature of nanotechnology, merging chemistry and biology to create safe, effective nanomaterials for applications in medicine and other fields.
7) Cancer:
Cancer research is central to the study as it investigates the effects of synthesized nanoparticles on MCF-7 breast cancer cells. Understanding how nanoparticles affect cancer cells contributes to developing new diagnostic and therapeutic tools for cancer treatment, showcasing the relevance of the research.
8) Activity:
Activity in this context usually refers to the biological effects of compounds, like the anticancer properties of gold nanoparticles. The study measures cell viability and assesses the biological activity of nanoparticles in comparison to gold salts, demonstrating promise for these synthesized nanoparticles in medicine.
9) Education:
Education plays a significant role in advancing research and understanding in science and technology. This study was conducted in an academic setting, emphasizing the importance of educational institutions in fostering research and providing facilities for conducting innovative scientific investigations.
10) Relative:
Relative refers to the comparative aspect of the study, especially in assessing the toxicity and viability of different treatments. The results demonstrate the relative safety of biogenic nanoparticles when compared to their chemically synthesized counterparts, marking a key finding in the research.
11) Surface:
Surface properties of nanoparticles, such as charge and functionalization, dictate interactions with biological systems and influence their effectiveness. The study examines how the phytoconstituents in Alternanthera sessilis capping gold nanoparticles enhance their biocompatibility, stressing the relevance of surface chemistry in nanomedicine.
12) Study (Studying):
The study encompasses the synthesis, characterization, and biological evaluation of gold nanoparticles derived from a natural extract. It contributes to the field of nanomedicine and explores alternative, eco-friendly methods for nanoparticle production, demonstrating the potential of plant-derived compounds in biomedical applications.
13) Disease:
The research has implications for treating diseases, particularly cancer, as it evaluates the cytotoxicity of gold nanoparticles against breast cancer cells. Understanding the therapeutic potential of nanoparticles is pivotal in developing innovative approaches to combat various diseases through targeted treatments.
14) India:
The study focuses on a plant, Alternanthera sessilis, which is found widely in India. The local availability of this plant underscores the significance of utilizing indigenous resources for nanoparticle synthesis, emphasizing the intersection of traditional knowledge and modern nanotechnology in this research.
15) Water:
Water serves as a solvent in the extraction and synthesis processes within the study. The use of aqueous extracts facilitates the green synthesis of nanoparticles, promoting eco-friendly practices in nanotechnology. This aspect of the methodology stresses the importance of sustainability in scientific advancements.
16) Table:
The table in the study summarizes findings, such as crystallite sizes of synthesized nanoparticles. Data representation through tables aids in comprehending results clearly and concisely, allowing for easier comparisons and analysis of various experimental outcomes reported in the study.
17) Field:
The term 'field' refers to the scientific discipline encompassing nanotechnology, biochemistry, and biomedical research. It highlights the interdisciplinary efforts in studying nanomaterials, focusing on their synthesis, characterization, and application in health care and pharmaceuticals, as explored in this research.
18) Salt (Salty):
In this study, 'salt' particularly refers to gold chloride, which was used as a precursor for synthesizing gold nanoparticles. Understanding the role of precursor compounds in nanoparticle synthesis is crucial for achieving desired properties and behaviors in resulted nanosystems.
19) Rheumatoid arthritis:
Mentioned in the context of potential therapeutic applications, gold nanoparticles have been investigated for their efficacy in treating rheumatoid arthritis. Their unique properties may contribute to novel treatment strategies, illustrating the broader significance of nanoparticles beyond cancer therapies.
20) Phytochemical:
Phytochemicals refer to the bioactive compounds extracted from plants, which played a critical role in reducing metal ions during nanoparticle synthesis. Their ability to act as reducing and capping agents is essential for producing stable and biocompatible nanoparticles, emphasizing the importance of nature's contributions.
21) Observation:
Observation in this study refers to the visual and empirical analysis of changes during the nanoparticle synthesis process. Noting color changes and morphological characteristics provides insights into the successful formation and properties of gold nanoparticles, supporting further characterization methods.
22) Discussion:
The discussion section extrapolates results and their implications in the context of current research. It connects findings on biogenic gold nanoparticles' non-toxicity to broader applications, emphasizing the need for continued exploration of plant-based synthesis methods for developing safe nanomaterials.
23) Snake-bite:
The mention of snake-bite highlights the traditional medicinal uses of Alternanthera sessilis in treating ailments. Understanding historical uses can guide research on broader applications of the plant in modern medicine, including the development of therapeutic agents synthesized from its extracts.
24) Tamilnadu (Tamil-nadu, Tamilnāḍu):
Tamilnadu is a region in India where Alternanthera sessilis is found. The local resources and biodiversity significantly influence the potential for research and development in nanoparticle synthesis, marking regional contributions to the advancement of medical technologies and green chemistry.
25) Transformation (Transform, Transforming):
Transform refers to the conversion of gold ions into nanoparticles through a reduction process. This transformation is central to the synthesis and involves phytoconstituents derived from the plant extract, highlighting the role of natural substances in nanotechnology.
26) Medicine:
Medicine encompasses the therapeutic applications of synthesized gold nanoparticles. The research evaluates the potential of biogenic nanoparticles for use in healthcare, particularly in drug delivery and cancer treatment, emphasizing the potential for innovative approaches to medical therapies.
27) Powder:
Powder in the context of this study refers to the physical state of synthesized gold nanoparticles characterized by X-ray diffraction analysis. The morphology and crystalline structure of gold nanoparticles, potentially analyzed as a powder, are crucial for understanding their properties and applications.
28) Anana (Ānana, Ānanā, Ananā, Anaṇa, Āṅana):
Anana likely refers to Ananas comosus, commonly known as pineapple, and although it is not the primary focus, it exemplifies the diverse range of plant extracts utilized in nanoparticle synthesis. This showcases the potential for various natural sources in developing innovative biomedical materials.
29) Glass:
Glass pertains to the substrate used for coating during SEM analysis. The choice of glass as a support offers clarity and stability for investigating nanoparticle properties, facilitating visual observation of the synthesized gold particles' morphology during electron microscopy.
30) Sugar:
Sugar beet pulp is mentioned as another source for synthesizing gold nanoparticles. This highlights the broad spectrum of natural resources that can be utilized, emphasizing the environmentally friendly and sustainable approaches to producing nanoparticles for various applications.
31) Eagle:
Eagle refers to Eagle’s Minimum Essential Medium, a nutrient solution for cell culture used in the study. The proper formulation of culture media is essential for maintaining cell viability, illustrating its critical role in assessing the effects of gold nanoparticles on cell lines.
32) Lemon:
Lemon grass extract has been cited as an agent for gold nanoparticle synthesis. Including various plant extracts illustrates the potential diversity of sources available for synthesizing nanoparticles, indicating a trend toward innovative, plant-based approaches in nanotechnology and biomedical applications.
33) Vega (Vegā):
Vega is likely referring to the TESCAN Electron microscope used for SEM analysis in this study. The availability of advanced imaging techniques is essential for characterizing the size and shape of synthesized nanoparticles, crucial for confirming their suitability for biomedical applications.
34) Pune:
Pune is the location from which the MCF-7 cell line was obtained. The geographical connections of research facilities highlight the collaborative nature of scientific research, showcasing how local resources and institutions contribute significantly to advancements in health and medical technologies.
Other Science Concepts:
Discover the significance of concepts within the article: ‘Cell viability of cubic gold nanoparticles from Alternanthera sessilis.’. Further sources in the context of Science might help you critically compare this page with similair documents:
Alternanthera sessilis, Therapeutic agent, Nanotechnology, Biocompatibility, MTT assay, Biocompatible, Non-toxic nature, Phytoconstituents present, X-ray diffraction analysis, XRD analysis, SEM analysis, In vitro cytotoxicity assay, UV-Visible spectroscopy, Capping agent, Biosynthesis of silver nanoparticles, Induction of apoptosis, Cell line, Commercial application, Gold nanoparticle, Phytoconstituent, Cellular toxicity, Cell viability testing.