Phytochemical and biological study of diospyros kaki l. growing in egypt
Journal name: World Journal of Pharmaceutical Research
Original article title: Phytochemical and biological study of diospyros kaki l. growing in egypt
The WJPR includes peer-reviewed publications such as scientific research papers, reports, review articles, company news, thesis reports and case studies in areas of Biology, Pharmaceutical industries and Chemical technology while incorporating ancient fields of knowledge such combining Ayurveda with scientific data.
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Hala abozaid, Abeer Moawad, Elham Amin, Mona Hetta, Marawan Shabana
World Journal of Pharmaceutical Research:
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Full text available for: Phytochemical and biological study of diospyros kaki l. growing in egypt
Source type: An International Peer Reviewed Journal for Pharmaceutical and Medical and Scientific Research
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Summary of article contents:
Introduction
Diospyros kaki L., commonly known as Japanese persimmon, is a deciduous tree belonging to the family Ebenaceae. The leaves of this plant have a long history of being utilized in traditional medicine for various ailments including hypertension, angina, and internal hemorrhage. Recent studies have suggested that leaves from this plant may possess additional health benefits, including antioxidant properties and potential antitumor and antimicrobial activities. This research investigates the ethanolic extract, unsaponifiable matter, and ethyl acetate extract of the leaves of Diospyros kaki and evaluates their biological activities, particularly against cancer cell lines and various microorganisms.
Anticancer Activity of Diospyros Kaki
The study conducted an assessment of the anticancer properties of extracts and isolated compounds from Diospyros kaki leaves against two cancer cell lines: MCF-7 breast cancer cells and HeLa cervical carcinoma cells. The results indicated that the ethyl acetate extract (EtOAc) exhibited significant anticancer activity, with IC50 values of 19.8 µg/mL and 16.7 µg/mL against MCF-7 and HeLa cell lines, respectively. Among the isolated compounds, lupeol showed the most potent anticancer activity (IC50 values of 20.7 µg/mL and 23.7 µg/mL for MCF-7 and HeLa, respectively), making it a promising candidate for further research in cancer therapy. In contrast, several other compounds, including β-sitosterol and barbinervic acid, displayed no significant activity against either cell line.
Antimicrobial Activity of Diospyros Kaki
In addition to its anticancer effects, the extracts of Diospyros kaki leaves demonstrated notable antimicrobial properties. The ethyl acetate extract (EtOAc) exhibited strong activity against various tested microorganisms, showcasing inhibition zones ranging from 13.6 to 24.6 mm. The most effective isolated compound was kaempferol, which displayed broad-spectrum antimicrobial activity against six different types of dermatophytes and several strains of both Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria. This highlights the therapeutic potential of D. kaki extracts in treating microbial infections and supports their application in dermatological preparations.
Isolation and Characterization of Compounds
The study focused on the isolation and characterization of several compounds from Diospyros kaki leaves. Through various chromatographic techniques, seven compounds were identified, including lupeol, β-sitosterol, uvaol, α-amyrin, kaempferol, astragalin, and barbinervic acid. The identification was confirmed using spectroscopic techniques such as NMR and mass spectrometry. These findings not only contribute to the understanding of the phytochemical profile of Diospyros kaki but also establish a foundation for future studies that may explore these compounds' potential physiological effects and therapeutic applications.
Conclusion
The findings of this research highlight the promising anticancer and antimicrobial activities of the leaves of Diospyros kaki L. The significant effects observed in both the extract and the isolated compounds, particularly lupeol and kaempferol, suggest that this plant could serve as a potential source for new therapeutic agents in cancer treatment and infection control. Further studies are warranted to explore the mechanisms of action, optimize extraction methods, and assess the safety and efficacy of these compounds in clinical settings. Overall, Diospyros kaki presents a valuable opportunity for botanical investigation and potential development in phytomedicine.
FAQ section (important questions/answers):
What traditional uses does Diospyros kaki L. have in medicine?
Diospyros kaki L. leaves are traditionally used in Japan to treat hypertension, angina, and internal hemorrhage. They have also been reported to have hypolipidemic effects.
What types of activities were evaluated in this study?
The study evaluated the antitumor and antimicrobial activities of extracts from Diospyros kaki L. leaves, focusing on the ethanolic extract, unsaponifiable matter, and ethyl acetate extract.
What results were found regarding the anticancer activity of extracts?
The studies showed that the ethyl acetate extract exhibited significant anticancer activity against MCF-7 and HeLa cell lines with IC50 values of 19.8 µg/mL and 16.7 µg/mL, respectively.
Which isolated compound showed the highest anticancer activity?
Lupeol was identified as the most active compound, demonstrating significant anticancer activity against both MCF-7 and HeLa cell lines with IC50 values of 20.7 µg/mL and 23.7 µg/mL.
What was the antimicrobial activity of the extracts?
The ethyl acetate extract demonstrated strong antimicrobial activity against various microorganisms. Zones of inhibition ranged from 13.6 to 24.6 mm at a concentration of 5 mg/mL.
Which compounds exhibited notable antibacterial activity?
Kaempferol showed the most significant antibacterial activity against various bacteria, while barbinervic acid and astragalin exhibited weak antibacterial effects. Most compounds showed no activity against fungi or Gram-negative bacteria.
Glossary definitions and references:
Scientific and Ayurvedic Glossary list for “Phytochemical and biological study of diospyros kaki l. growing in egypt”. This list explains important keywords that occur in this article and links it to the glossary for a better understanding of that concept in the context of Ayurveda and other topics.
1) Activity:
The term 'activity' refers to the biological effects exhibited by the extracts and isolated compounds derived from Diospyros kaki L. in the study. Specifically, it includes anticancer activity against MCF-7 and HeLa cell lines, along with antimicrobial activity against various microbial strains, highlighting the potential therapeutic applications of the plant's constituents.
2) Kaki (Kākī):
Kaki refers to Diospyros kaki L., commonly known as Japanese persimmon. In the text, it represents the plant being investigated for its medicinal properties, specifically its anticancer and antimicrobial activities. The study focuses on the leaves of Kaki, emphasizing their significance in traditional medicine and potential health benefits.
3) Line:
In the context of the study, 'line' pertains to MCF-7 and HeLa cell lines used for assessing the anticancer activity of extracts from Diospyros kaki L. Cell lines are essential tools in cancer research, allowing for the evaluation of treatment efficacy and the mechanisms of action of various compounds against cancer cells.
4) Hela (Helā, Helá):
HeLa refers to a specific human cervical carcinoma cell line used in the study to evaluate the anticancer effects of Diospyros kaki L. extracts. Named after Henrietta Lacks, this cell line is widely utilized in cancer research, making it an important model for testing the efficacy of new anticancer agents.
5) Egypt:
Egypt is significant in this study as the geographic location where Diospyros kaki L. leaves were collected for analysis. The traditional medicinal uses of the plant and its phytochemical properties are being documented for species growing in this region, contributing valuable data to local herbal practices and scientific knowledge.
6) Study (Studying):
The term 'study' encompasses the research described concerning the evaluation of the phytochemical and biological properties of Diospyros kaki L. leaves. It highlights the systematic investigation into the plant's anticancer and antimicrobial activities, providing evidence of its therapeutic potential based on experimental methodologies and results obtained during the research.
7) Cancer:
'Cancer' is the disease context for which the medicinal properties of Diospyros kaki L. are being examined. The extracts were tested on cancer cell lines to determine their potential efficacy as treatments, which is crucial for discovering new therapeutic agents in the continuous fight against this complex and deadly disease.
8) Powder:
In the study, 'powder' refers to the processed leaves of Diospyros kaki L., which were dried and ground into a powdered form for extraction and analysis. This preparation is a standard practice in phytochemical research, allowing for efficient extraction of bioactive compounds needed for biological assays and evaluations.
9) Table:
The term 'table' in the document indicates that results are systematically organized and displayed, summarizing the findings related to anticancer and antimicrobial activities of the extracts and isolated compounds. Tables are essential for conveying data clearly, allowing for easy comparison of results across different treatments and conditions.
10) Phytochemical:
Phytochemical refers to the bioactive compounds derived from plants that may exert health benefits. The study focuses on isolating and analyzing the phytochemicals obtained from Diospyros kaki L. leaves, highlighting their significance in pharmacology and potential applications in traditional and modern medicine due to their biological activities.
11) Aureus:
Aureus refers specifically to Staphylococcus aureus, a Gram-positive bacterium often tested in antimicrobial studies. In the context of this investigation, the effectiveness of Diospyros kaki L. extracts against Staphylococcus aureus was evaluated, illustrating the plant's potential to combat bacterial infections, particularly in dermatological applications.
12) Medium:
Medium in the context of the study often refers to the culture media used for growing cell lines (like RPMI-1640 medium for MCF-7 and HeLa cells) and for culturing microorganisms to evaluate antimicrobial activity. The choice of appropriate medium is crucial for obtaining reliable, reproducible results in biological research.
13) Antibiotic (Antibacterial):
Antibacterial pertains to the activity against bacteria, as evidenced in the study's examination of antimicrobial effects from Diospyros kaki L. extracts. The evaluation of antibacterial activities against various bacterial strains provides vital information on the potential clinical applications of the plant, particularly in treating bacterial infections.
14) Purification:
Purification refers to the processes used to isolate and refine specific compounds from Diospyros kaki L. leaves. Techniques such as vacuum liquid chromatography were employed in the study to obtain purer forms of the bioactive constituents, which are essential for accurately assessing their individual biological activities and potential therapeutic uses.
15) Discussion:
The discussion section of the study serves to interpret the findings, analyzing the results obtained from the experiments on Diospyros kaki L. extracts. It contextualizes the significance of the anticancer and antimicrobial activities observed, compares them with existing literature, and suggests directions for future research and potential applications.
16) Container:
Container refers to the air-tight storage vessel used for preserving the powdered Diospyros kaki L. leaves after drying. Proper storage in a container is crucial in preventing degradation of the phytochemicals, ensuring that the biological activities of the extracts can be effectively assessed for the study's purpose.
17) Medicine:
Medicine indicates the therapeutic context in which Diospyros kaki L. is being evaluated. The study assesses the potential of the plant's extracts as medicinal agents capable of offering health benefits in treating conditions like cancer and bacterial infections, contributing to the broader field of ethnopharmacology and integrative health approaches.
18) Family:
Family refers to the botanical family Ebenaceae, to which Diospyros kaki L. belongs. Understanding the family classification provides insight into the plant's characteristics and potential chemical constituents, assisting in the identification of similar plants within the family that may also offer medicinal properties and benefits.
19) Water:
Water often serves as a solvent in phytochemical studies and can also be a component of extracts. Although not directly mentioned in the experiment, its relevance lies in the preparation processes of different extracts where appropriate solvents, including water, may be used in various stages of extraction and purification of bioactive compounds.
20) Hala (Hālā, Hāla, Halā):
Hala refers to one of the authors conducting the research, indicating the collaboration and contributions made by different individuals in the study. The involvement of multiple researchers highlights the importance of teamwork and expertise in the successful execution of scientific investigations and advancements in the field of pharmacognosy.
21) Tree:
The term 'tree' refers to the growth form of Diospyros kaki L., indicating that it is a deciduous tree species. Understanding the morphology and habitat of the tree can provide additional context regarding its ecological significance, cultivation, and traditional uses, further emphasizing its value in local medicine and biodiversity.
Other Science Concepts:
Discover the significance of concepts within the article: ‘Phytochemical and biological study of diospyros kaki l. growing in egypt’. Further sources in the context of Science might help you critically compare this page with similair documents:
Traditional medicine, Research study, Phytochemical study, Antimicrobial activity, Anticancer activity, Minimum inhibitory concentration, MCF-7 cell line, Ethanolic extract, Unsaponifiable matter, Chromatographic study, Antitumor activity, Gram positive bacteria, Gram negative bacteria, Ethyl acetate extract, Kaempferol, Minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC), Zones of inhibition, Lupeol, TLC plate, Cytotoxic effect, HeLa cell line, Anticancer activities.