Anti-adhesion therapy
a potential alternate approach to overcome drug resistance among infectious microorganisms
Journal name: World Journal of Pharmaceutical Research
Original article title: Anti-adhesion therapy
The WJPR includes peer-reviewed publications such as scientific research papers, reports, review articles, company news, thesis reports and case studies in areas of Biology, Pharmaceutical industries and Chemical technology while incorporating ancient fields of knowledge such combining Ayurveda with scientific data.
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Subtitle: a potential alternate approach to overcome drug resistance among infectious microorganisms
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Gayathri Devarajaand S Sunil Kumar
World Journal of Pharmaceutical Research:
(An ISO 9001:2015 Certified International Journal)
Full text available for: Anti-adhesion therapy
Source type: An International Peer Reviewed Journal for Pharmaceutical and Medical and Scientific Research
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Summary of article contents:
Introduction
The article discusses the emergence of drug-resistant bacteria and explores innovative therapeutic approaches to combat bacterial infections, particularly through anti-adhesion therapy. This alternative strategy focuses on inhibiting the adhesion of infectious microorganisms to host tissues, thereby reducing colonization and preventing infections. Adhesins, the components that facilitate bacterial adhesion, form the foundation for understanding this concept. By employing anti-adhesins derived from various sources, including dietary compounds and natural extracts, the potential exists to mitigate the impacts of antibiotic-resistant pathogens.
The Role of Anti-Adhesins
Anti-adhesins are substances that diminish the adhesion of pathogens to host tissues either by preventing or reversing this process. This article highlights several types of anti-adhesins, including carbohydrate lectins, dietary inhibitors, and receptor analogues, all of which can effectively hinder the colonization of pathogenic organisms in various body systems. Notably, the use of cranberry extract has garnered attention for its ability to inhibit the adherence of E. coli in urinary tract infections (UTIs). Various studies have shown that cranberry juice possesses specific compounds that interfere with microbial binding, thus offering a preventive measure against recurrent UTIs.
Applications in Urinary Tract Infections
Cranberry juice's efficacy in preventing urinary tract infections is a significant focus. Research indicates that the compounds in cranberry inhibit E. coli's ability to adhere to the uroepithelial cells, offering substantial protective benefits. In clinical trials, women consuming cranberry juice or cranberry extract demonstrated a marked reduction in the incidence of UTIs compared to control groups. The active components, such as proanthocyanidins, are identified as key players in this anti-adhesive action, further supporting the potential for dietary interventions in infection prevention.
Anti-Adhesins in Dental and Gastrointestinal Health
Anti-adhesins also have promising applications in oral and gastrointestinal health. In dental infections, specific lectins and compounds from cranberry effectively disrupt the co-aggregation of bacteria, thereby preventing the formation of dental plaque, which is a precursor to caries and periodontal disease. Similarly, in gastrointestinal contexts, receptor analogs derived from dietary compounds can inhibit the adhesion of pathogens like Helicobacter pylori to gastric tissues. These findings underscore the versatility and broad applicability of anti-adhesion therapies across various medical fields.
Conclusion
The use of anti-adhesive therapy presents a novel and promising approach to combat microbial infections, particularly in an era marked by rising antibiotic resistance. By targeting the adhesion mechanisms employed by pathogens, this treatment strategy could significantly reduce infection rates associated with urinary, dental, gastrointestinal, and respiratory conditions. Continued research into anti-adhesins may not only enhance our understanding of pathogen-host interactions but could also lead to the development of new preventive strategies against multidrug-resistant bacteria, fostering a healthier population and reducing the burden of infectious diseases.
FAQ section (important questions/answers):
What are anti-adhesins and their significance in infection treatment?
Anti-adhesins are substances that reduce the ability of pathogens to adhere to host tissues, thus preventing colonization and subsequent infections. They inhibit pathogenic organisms on various surfaces such as gastrointestinal, urinary, and respiratory tracts.
How do cranberry and its extracts function as anti-adhesins?
Cranberry juice contains proanthocyanidins that inhibit the adherence of bacteria like E. coli to uroepithelial cells. They can decrease urinary tract infections by interfering with bacterial adhesion and have shown a reduction in biofilm formation.
What role do lectins play in dental infections?
Lectins derived from various plants can inhibit the adherence of harmful bacteria responsible for dental plaque and caries. They disrupt coaggregation of bacteria, which is vital for biofilm formation in the oral environment.
Can anti-adhesive therapy prevent biofilm formation in bacteria?
Yes, anti-adhesion therapy is effective in preventing the initial adhesion phase of bacterial colonization, thereby hindering biofilm development. This approach is crucial as biofilms are resistant to conventional treatments due to their protective matrix.
What is the connection between anti-adhesins and urinary tract infections?
Urinary tract infections commonly caused by E. coli can be mitigated by anti-adhesins like cranberry juice. These agents prevent the bacteria from adhering to the bladder walls, reducing the incidence and severity of UTIs.
What is the potential of anti-adhesin therapy in treating drug-resistant infections?
Anti-adhesive therapy presents a promising alternative to traditional antibiotics by obstructing bacterial adhesion, hence fighting drug-resistant infections. This approach could significantly lower the cases of diseases caused by multidrug-resistant bacteria.
Glossary definitions and references:
Scientific and Ayurvedic Glossary list for “Anti-adhesion therapy”. This list explains important keywords that occur in this article and links it to the glossary for a better understanding of that concept in the context of Ayurveda and other topics.
1) Surface:
The surface refers to the outermost layer where adhesion occurs, notably in biological contexts involving host tissues and pathogens. The interaction between bacterial adhesins and host cell surfaces is crucial for infection, with surfaces determining the likelihood of disease by influencing microbial colonization and biofilm formation.
2) Devaraja (Devarāja, Deva-raja, Devarājā):
Devaraja is the author of the reviewed article discussing anti-adhesion therapy. The research conducted under Devaraja's leadership focuses on exploring innovative approaches to combat drug-resistant infections. Her work emphasizes the significance of understanding microbial adhesion mechanisms and developing therapeutic strategies that can mitigate the impact of these pathogens.
3) Disease:
Disease is a pathological condition that disrupts normal physiological functions. In the context of microbiology, it often arises from infections caused by pathogens. The article emphasizes various infectious diseases where anti-adhesion therapy can play a crucial role in prevention and treatment, particularly concerning drug resistance.
4) Sugar:
Sugar, in this context, generally refers to saccharides which can act as competitive inhibitors of microbial adhesion. The investigation of sugars includes their role in obstructing the binding of pathogens to host tissues, thus preventing infections. This mechanism highlights the potential utilization of dietary sugars in therapeutic applications.
5) Inflammation:
Inflammation is a biological response to pathogens or injury, often resulting in discomfort and tissue damage. In various diseases, including infections and chronic conditions, inflammation can exacerbate symptoms. Understanding its relationship with microbial adhesion is critical for developing effective treatments that aim to mitigate inflammatory responses.
6) Animal:
Animal refers to non-human organisms used in research studies to evaluate the effectiveness of potential therapies such as anti-adhesion treatments. Animal models offer insights into disease mechanisms, therapeutic effects, and the impact of interventions in vivo, thus bridging laboratory findings and clinical applications.
7) Activity:
Activity denotes the functional or biological effects exerted by substances, such as anti-adhesins, in reducing microbial adhesion. This can influence the effectiveness of therapies aimed at preventing infections. The characterization of activity is essential for understanding how different compounds can impact adhesion and overall therapeutic effectiveness.
8) Aureus:
Aureus, specifically Staphylococcus aureus, is a significant pathogen known to cause various infections in humans. Its ability to form biofilms and resist antibiotics poses serious health risks. The article discusses strategies to mitigate its adherence and biofilm formation through anti-adhesion therapies targeting its adhesins.
9) Cancer:
Cancer refers to a group of diseases characterized by uncontrolled cell growth. The article discusses the potential of cranberry juice concentrates in the prevention of urinary bladder cancer. It highlights the role of anti-adhesion strategies in reducing carcinogenic processes and emphasizes the importance of research in this area.
10) Study (Studying):
In the context of the article, study refers to the systematic investigation conducted to explore the effectiveness of anti-adhesins in various diseases. The findings from these studies are critical for developing new therapeutic measures to combat drug resistance and improve patient outcomes in infectious diseases.
11) Milk:
Milk is portrayed in the article as a potential source of therapeutic agents due to its oligosaccharides demonstrating anti-adhesion properties. This suggests that components in human milk can inhibit bacterial adherence, thereby reducing the risk of infections, especially in infants, underlining its nutritional and protective value.
12) Drug:
Drugs are pharmacological agents used to prevent, treat, or manage diseases. The article focuses on the challenges posed by drug resistance, urging the exploration of alternative therapies like anti-adhesins. This highlights the urgent need for new treatment strategies that incorporate non-antibiotic approaches to combat resistant infections.
13) Antibiotic (Antibacterial):
Antibiotics are crucial medications used to treat bacterial infections. However, the rise of antibiotic resistance has necessitated the exploration of alternative treatment strategies like anti-adhesion therapy. The article discusses this pressing public health issue, emphasizing the role of novel approaches in addressing resistance in bacterial pathogens.
14) Substance:
Substances in this context refer to the various materials or compounds such as anti-adhesins and dietary elements that interfere with microbial adhesion. Understanding the effects of these substances is essential for developing therapies that can reduce pathogen colonization and infection risk, providing a new avenue for treatment.
15) Flavonoid:
Flavonoids are a class of plant metabolites known for their antioxidant properties and potential health benefits. The article mentions flavonoids in the context of cranberry extract, highlighting their role in inhibiting bacterial adhesion and contributing to therapeutic effects against various infections, thus underscoring their significance in medicinal applications.
16) Karnataka (Karṇāṭaka):
Karnataka is a state in India where the research was conducted. The mention of specific geographic regions emphasizes the global nature of infectious diseases and the relevance of local research in addressing public health issues. This regional context helps to frame the importance of studying local pathogens and treatment approaches.
17) Species:
Species refer to specific groups of organisms, including pathogens examined in the article, such as E. coli and S. aureus. Understanding the characteristics and behaviors of these species is vital for developing targeted therapies, as different pathogens exhibit varying levels of resistance and mechanisms of adhesion.
18) India:
India is the country where the research was conducted, and it serves as a critical context for the discussions on infectious diseases and their management. Highlighting India indicates the relevance of the findings to global health, given the country's diverse microbial landscape and significant public health challenges.
19) Ulcer:
Ulcer refers to tissue erosion or lesions often caused by infections, including those by Helicobacter pylori. The article discusses the role of anti-adhesins in potentially preventing ulcer formation, emphasizing the importance of adhesion mechanisms in the pathology of gastric diseases and treatment paradigms.
20) Line:
Line may refer to the discussions and investigations related to specific bacterial strains or cellular lines utilized in experimental setups. These lines are crucial for assessing the effectiveness of therapies against microbial adhesion and evaluating the mechanisms through which anti-adhesion agents exert their effects.
21) Purification:
Purification is a critical step in isolating effective anti-adhesins from various sources to ensure their efficacy and safety. Various techniques such as chromatography mentioned in the article play an essential role in refining compounds, which can enhance the therapeutic potential against infections and improve research reproducibility.
22) Observation:
Observation refers to the process of monitoring and analyzing the effects of treatments in studies. It is a vital component of research methodology that informs conclusions about the efficacy and mechanisms of anti-adhesins in controlling infections, guiding future research directions and clinical applications.
23) Developing:
Developing refers to the ongoing efforts to create new therapies or strategies, particularly in response to rising drug resistance. The article focuses on developing anti-adhesion therapies as innovative approaches to combat infections, highlighting the need for continued research and adaptation in treatment protocols.
24) Detachment:
Detachment involves the separation of microbes from host tissues, which is critical in preventing colonization and subsequent infection. This process is central to the action of anti-adhesins, as their mechanism aims to hinder the attachment of pathogens, thereby promoting their removal from host surfaces.
25) Suffering:
Suffering typically describes the physical or emotional distress associated with diseases. The article emphasizes the impact of infectious diseases on patients' quality of life, which underscores the importance of finding effective treatments that alleviate suffering and improve health outcomes through novel therapeutic strategies.
26) Medicine:
Medicine refers to the science and practice of diagnosing, treating, and preventing diseases. The article discusses innovative approaches in medicine such as anti-adhesion therapy, suggesting a shift towards alternative treatments that address the growing concerns of drug resistance in contemporary healthcare.
27) Mutation:
Mutation relates to changes in the genetic material of organisms, which can lead to variations in traits, including antibiotic resistance in pathogens. The phenomenon of mutation is of significant concern in treating infections, as it influences the effectiveness of therapies and necessitates adaptive treatment strategies.
28) Repair:
Repair refers to the biological processes involved in healing tissues, which can be affected by adherence of pathogens. In contexts like neurological disorders, the article discusses how anti-adhesive strategies might facilitate better tissue repair by preventing detrimental microbial colonization and associated complications.
29) Anana (Ānana, Ānanā, Ananā, Anaṇa, Āṅana):
Anana is likely a reference to the genus that includes the pineapple plant, which is mentioned in the article as a source of bromelain. This enzyme is studied for its therapeutic properties, highlighting the importance of natural products in developing treatments that can enhance health and combat infections.
30) Kumar (Kumār):
Kumar is the co-author of the article, contributing to the research on anti-adhesion therapies. His expertise in microbiology complements the focus of the paper, which aims to address challenges in treating infections caused by drug-resistant organisms through innovative prevention strategies.
31) Water:
Water plays a foundational role in biological processes and is often emphasized in studies evaluating the effects of hydration on health. In the context of the article, adequate water intake may facilitate the effectiveness of treatments, such as cranberry juice, in preventing urinary tract infections.
32) Death:
Death refers to the cessation of life, often as a consequence of severe infections. The article highlights the gravity of infectious diseases and the urgent need for effective therapies to prevent mortality associated with drug-resistant pathogens, positioning anti-adhesion therapies as a critical area of research.
33) Blood:
Blood is a vital fluid in human physiology, playing essential roles in nutrient transport, immune response, and waste removal. The article discusses the interactions of pathogens with blood cells, particularly concerning adhesion mechanisms that can affect health outcomes during infections.
34) Miti (Mitī, Miṭi, Mīti):
Miti likely references a particular context or term related to the research or findings. Without further context, the specific relevance of this term remains unclear in the scope of the conversations surrounding anti-adhesion strategies and the respective studies mentioned in the article.
35) Food:
Food is a vital source of nutrients that can influence health outcomes. In the article, dietary components like cranberry extract are discussed for their potential anti-adhesion properties. Investigating food sources for therapeutic benefits plays a pivotal role in addressing infectious diseases through diet.
36) Diet:
Diet consists of the food and drink choices made by individuals. The article emphasizes the role of dietary components such as cranberry juice in preventing infections by inhibiting bacterial adhesion, underscoring the significance of dietary management as a complementary strategy to traditional medical treatments.
37) Hair:
Hair, in this context, may refer to the specialized structures (fimbriae or pili) on bacterial surfaces that facilitate adhesion to host tissues. Understanding these structures is critical in the study of microbial pathogenesis and the development of targeted therapeutic interventions against infections.
38) Wall:
Wall often refers to cellular or tissue barriers that pathogens must breach for colonization to occur. In microbial studies, the integrity of these walls is essential for understanding adhesion mechanisms and developing therapies that prevent pathogen invasion, highlighting the need for effective anti-adhesion strategies.
Other Science Concepts:
Discover the significance of concepts within the article: ‘Anti-adhesion therapy’. Further sources in the context of Science might help you critically compare this page with similair documents:
Infectious disease, Bacterial infection, Clinical trial, Multiple sclerosis, Neurological disorder, Dental plaque, Drug resistance, Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Urinary tract infection, Antibiotic resistance, Alternative approach, S. aureus, Biofilm formation, Hyaluronic acid, H. pylori, Proanthocyanidins, Anti-adhesion therapy, Infectious microorganisms, Emergence of drug resistant bacteria, Anti-adhesins, Carbohydrate lectins, Cranberry juice, Bromelain from pineapple, Receptor analogues, Adhesion analogs, Peptidoglycan, Anti-L-selectin antibody therapy, Oligosaccharides, Proinflammatory cytokine, Bromelain, Urinary-bladder cancer, Flavonoids and anthocyanins, Respiratory infection, Acute otitis media, Dental infection, In-vitro inhibition, Gastrointestinal disorder, Cranberry extract, Adhesins, Dietary inhibitors, Piper betle extracts, Cranberry-lingonberry juice concentrate, Measuring optical density, Cranberry juice usage, Chemopreventive efficacies, Anti-adhesins in dental infections, High molecular weight non-dialyzable material, Sialyl-3 lactose, Yersinia pestis, 3'-sialyllacto-N-neotetraose, Polymeric saccharides, Collagen adhesion, Curcumin inhibition, Anti-adhesion molecule therapy, P-selectin–PSGL-1 pathway, Leukocyte recruitment, Antigen adhesion, Anti-adhesive agents, Emerging bacteria, Molecular mechanisms involved, Lymphocyte recruitment, P-selectin glycoprotein ligand-1, Heterotrimeric G i-linked receptors, Cranberry juice concentrate, Chemical-induced urinary bladder cancers, Cell-surface hydrophobicity, Biofilm on uroepithelial cells, Inhibition of Helicobacter pylori binding, Biodegradable autocrosslinked hyaluronic acid gel, Antibiotic resistance of bacteria, Naturopathic cranberry products, Interspecies coaggregation of plaque bacteria.