Antibacterial activity of av-1 from titeypati (Artemisia vulgaris).
Journal name: World Journal of Pharmaceutical Research
Original article title: Antibacterial activity of an isolated compound (av-1) from the leaves of titeypati (artemisia vulgaris linn.)
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Prasanta Kumar Mitra
World Journal of Pharmaceutical Research:
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Full text available for: Antibacterial activity of an isolated compound (av-1) from the leaves of titeypati (artemisia vulgaris linn.)
Source type: An International Peer Reviewed Journal for Pharmaceutical and Medical and Scientific Research
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Summary of article contents:
Introduction
The study focuses on the antibacterial activity of an isolated compound (AV-1) derived from the leaves of the Titeypati plant, scientifically known as Artemisia vulgaris Linn. This perennial aromatic plant is prevalent in the hilly regions of India, particularly Sikkim and the Darjeeling Himalayas. Traditionally, Titeypati has been recognized for its medicinal properties, including its use as an appetizer and treatment for various ailments. The research aimed to isolate active antibacterial compounds and evaluate their effectiveness against specific Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria through standardized methods.
Antibacterial Activity of AV-1
The antibacterial efficacy of compound AV-1 was assessed using the disc diffusion method against eight bacterial strains: four Gram-positive (Bacillus megaterium, Staphylococcus aureus, Bacillus subtilis, and Streptococcus pyogenes) and four Gram-negative (Escherichia coli, Shigella dysenteriae, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, and Salmonella typhi). Results indicated that AV-1 displayed a significant zone of inhibition, with stronger activity against Gram-positive bacteria compared to Gram-negative bacteria. The highest activity was noted against Bacillus subtilis, whereas Salmonella typhi exhibited the least response.
Minimum Inhibitory Concentration
The Minimum Inhibitory Concentration (MIC) values were determined to quantify the lowest effective concentration of AV-1 that could inhibit bacterial growth. The MIC for AV-1 against Gram-positive bacteria ranged from 4 to 16 micrograms/mL and for Gram-negative bacteria from 16 to 32 micrograms/mL. For comparison, the MIC values for kanamycin, a widely used antibiotic, ranged from 2 to 8 micrograms/mL for Gram-positive bacteria and 8 to 32 micrograms/mL for Gram-negative bacteria. This data reinforces the potential of AV-1 as an antibacterial agent, notably against certain bacterial strains.
Significance of Plant-Derived Compounds
This research underscores the growing need for alternative antibacterial agents, especially in light of increasing antibiotic resistance among bacteria such as Staphylococcus aureus and Pseudomonas aeruginosa. It reflects the importance of exploring medicinal plants as sources of antimicrobial compounds. Given that synthetic antibiotics often carry harmful side effects, isolated natural compounds like AV-1 from Artemisia vulgaris present promising candidates for developing effective and less toxic antibacterial treatments.
Conclusion
The study demonstrates that the isolated compound AV-1 from Artemisia vulgaris Linn exhibits notable antibacterial activity against various bacterial strains, comparable to the standard antibiotic kanamycin. The significant effectiveness of AV-1, particularly against Gram-positive bacteria, highlights its potential relevance in the fight against bacterial infections, especially considering the challenge of antibiotic resistance. These findings warrant further investigation into the mechanisms of action and potential applications of AV-1 as a natural antibacterial drug, reinforcing the scientific basis for utilizing traditional medicinal plants in modern pharmacology.
FAQ section (important questions/answers):
What is AV-1 and its source?
AV-1 is an isolated compound from the leaves of Titeypati (Artemisia vulgaris Linn.), known for its medicinal properties and potential antibacterial activity.
Which bacteria were tested for antibacterial activity against AV-1?
Four Gram-positive bacteria (Bacillus megaterium, Staphylococcus aureus, Bacillus subtilis, and Streptococcus pyogenes) and four Gram-negative bacteria (Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Salmonella typhi, Escherichia coli, and Shigella dysenteriae) were tested.
What method was used to evaluate the antibacterial activity of AV-1?
The disc diffusion technique was employed, measuring the zone of inhibition for AV-1 against the bacteria compared with the standard antibiotic kanamycin.
How effective was AV-1 compared to the reference drug kanamycin?
AV-1 exhibited comparable antibacterial activity to kanamycin, with significant zones of inhibition for most bacteria, particularly against Bacillus subtilis.
What is the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of AV-1?
The MIC values of AV-1 ranged from 4 to 16 micrograms/ml for Gram-positive bacteria and 16 to 32 micrograms/ml for Gram-negative bacteria.
What are the potential implications of AV-1's antibacterial activity?
The antibacterial properties of AV-1 may provide a scientific basis for its use as a natural alternative to synthetic antibiotics, particularly amid rising antibiotic resistance.
Glossary definitions and references:
Scientific and Ayurvedic Glossary list for “Antibacterial activity of av-1 from titeypati (Artemisia vulgaris).”. This list explains important keywords that occur in this article and links it to the glossary for a better understanding of that concept in the context of Ayurveda and other topics.
1) Activity:
The term 'Activity' in the context of this study refers to the biological activity of the isolated compound AV-1 from Artemisia vulgaris Linn. It is crucial for evaluating the compound's effectiveness against specific bacteria. The antibacterial activity indicates how well the compound can inhibit bacterial growth, crucial for determining its potential as a therapeutic agent.
2) Antibiotic (Antibacterial):
The term 'Antibiotic' refers to substances that kill or inhibit the growth of bacteria. In this study, kanamycin served as the standard control drug to compare the effectiveness of AV-1. The rising issue of antibiotic resistance underscores the importance of discovering new antibiotics from natural sources, like the plant being studied.
3) Bengal (Bemgal):
'Bengal' refers to the region in India where the study occurred, particularly the West Bengal area, known for its biodiversity, including medicinal plants. The geographical context is significant as it highlights the local use of Artemisia vulgaris Linn. in traditional medicine, drawing attention to the importance of regional flora in scientific research.
4) Kumar (Kumār):
The name 'Kumar' belongs to the lead researcher, Prasanta Kumar Mitra. It signifies individual contribution to the research and emphasizes the human element involved in scientific discovery. Scholars often face attribution challenges, making the mention of the author's name crucial for recognizing their work in advancing knowledge in medicinal plant research.
5) Aureus:
The term 'Aureus' refers to Staphylococcus aureus, a Gram-positive bacterium studied in this research. This pathogen is significant due to its role in various infections and its increasing resistance to antibiotics, making it a relevant focus for evaluating new antibacterial agents such as the compound AV-1 isolated from the leaves under investigation.
6) Drug:
The term 'Drug' refers to any chemical substance used for treatment, prevention, or diagnosis of disease. Here, AV-1 is assessed for its potential as a novel drug against bacterial infections. The identification of effective drugs from natural compounds is crucial in addressing health crises related to bacterial resistance.
7) India:
'India' represents the national context where the research was conducted. This geographical indication is important as it underscores the biodiversity and traditional knowledge associated with medicinal plants in the region. India's rich array of flora is vital for discovering new pharmaceutical agents that reflect the intersection of traditional and modern medicine.
8) Water:
'Water' is mentioned as the solvent used in control experiments for comparing the antibacterial properties of AV-1. Its use emphasizes the importance of appropriate controls in scientific experiments to validate results. The study of water's role also relates to its universal application in biological studies and compound solubilization.
9) Table:
'Table' refers to the organized presentation of data results in the study. Tables are essential for summarizing findings, allowing for easy comparison and interpretation of the antibacterial activity and minimum inhibitory concentration results for AV-1 and kanamycin. They serve as a visual aid for readers to grasp key information quickly.
10) Science (Scientific):
'Scientific' pertains to methodologies and principles grounded in the scientific method. This quality is vital for the credibility of the research. The study’s declaration as 'scientific' underscores the systematic evaluation of the compound AV-1, distinguishing it from anecdotal evidence, and aligning it with rigorous research standards necessary for valid therapeutic claims.
11) Mitra (Mitrā):
The term 'Mitra' denotes the last name of Dr. Prasanta Kumar Mitra, the lead author of the study. His name lends credibility to the research and denotes a specific individual responsible for the work. Authorship in research is crucial for accountability, recognition, and advancing scholarly communication within the scientific community.
12) Discussion:
'Discussion' represents a section in scientific research where results are interpreted and contextualized. It is essential for synthesizing findings, exploring implications, and suggesting future research directions. In this study, the discussion would include reflections on the significance of AV-1’s antibacterial activity compared to conventional antibiotics and implications for treatment options.
13) Himalaya (Himālaya, Hima-alaya):
'Himalaya' refers to the mountain range where the medicinal plant Artemisia vulgaris Linn. is found abundantly. This geographical significance emphasizes the importance of pursuing plants with historical usage in local medicine, revealing a connection between local biodiversity and the potential for herbal remedies, which are of significant relevance in the context of traditional healing.
14) Medicine:
'Medicine' denotes the field concerned with the diagnosis, treatment, and prevention of disease. The study integrates traditional knowledge surrounding Artemisia vulgaris Linn. with contemporary scientific inquiry to evaluate new potential medicines derived from plants. Advancements in plant-based medicines are crucial for expanding therapeutic options and combating drug resistance.
15) Sanskrit:
'Sanskrit' signifies the ancient language of India, often associated with historical texts on medicine, including Ayurveda. Its mention here highlights the roots of traditional medicines and their historical documentation, representing the long-standing relationships between language, culture, and medicinal knowledge that inform the modern scientific investigations presented in the study.
16) Tibetan:
'Tibetan' references the specific cultural context surrounding traditional medicinal practices in Tibet. This suggests that Artemisia vulgaris Linn. may be utilized not just in Indian folk medicine but across borders in various traditional healing systems. The interplay between regional medicinal systems showcases the diversity of therapeutic value inherent to specific plants.
17) Bengali:
'Bengali' refers to the culture and language of a specific region in India, particularly West Bengal. The mention of this term could signify the cultural relevance of Artemisia vulgaris in local practices among Bengali communities, further linking traditional uses of plants to the scientific study of their medicinal properties.
18) Disease:
'Disease' refers to any disruption in the normal functioning of the body. The investigation into AV-1 primarily aims to address bacterial infections, a significant public health issue. Understanding how compounds interact with disease-causing organisms provides critical insights into the development of effective treatments that can improve community health outcomes.
19) Itching:
'Itching' refers to a specific symptom that can result from various conditions. In this study's context, the medicinal properties of Artemisia vulgaris Linn. suggest that it might be useful for treating such conditions. Investigating natural compounds for their effects on symptoms like itching can derive effective therapies from traditional remedies.
20) Nepali (Nepālī, Nepāli):
'Nepali' refers to the culture and language associated with Nepal, indicating that the plant, Artemisia vulgaris, may be recognized and used in medicinal practices across national borders. This connectivity reinforces the importance of cross-cultural analysis in evaluating the therapeutic potential of indigenous plants in various regional traditional medicines.
21) Forest:
'Forest' indicates the natural habitat where the plant Artemisia vulgaris Linn. thrives. This term emphasizes the relationship between biodiversity and the potential for discovering novel medicinal compounds. Protecting forest ecosystems and their inhabitants is vital for continued access to a wide array of biological resources relevant for scientific research and medicine.
22) Powder:
'Powder' refers to the processed form of the leaves of Artemisia vulgaris used in the experiments. The term highlights the preparation method essential for extracting the active compound, AV-1. The state of the substance (powder) plays a significant role in its usability and effectiveness in scientific and medicinal applications.
23) Indian:
'Indian' refers to the nationality and cultural identity associated with the research conducted in India. The term underscores the significance of local flora in traditional medicine, illustrating the need for preserving indigenous knowledge and natural resources that can lead to the development of new therapeutic agents based on plants revered in Indian herbal practices.
24) Botany:
'Botany' is the scientific study of plants, crucial in identifying and understanding the properties of therapeutic plants like Artemisia vulgaris. Research in botany merges with pharmacology to validate traditional uses and discover new medications derived from plants, reinforcing the significance of interdisciplinary approaches in modern medicinal research.
25) Kapha:
'Kapha' is a concept in Ayurvedic medicine representing one of the three doshas or body energies that influence health. Mentioning kapha indicates the traditional healing perspectives concerning the plant's uses, showcasing the cultural significance and potential health benefits of Artemisia vulgaris in balancing bodily energies and treating specific ailments.
26) Hindi (Hiṇḍī, Hiṃdī, Himdi, Hindī):
'Hindi' signifies the language widely spoken in India, connecting the study to its cultural context. Its mention suggests the inclusion of regional terminology or traditional practices surrounding Artemisia vulgaris in the Hindi-speaking population, further emphasizing the plant's relevance in local medicinal systems and its intersections with contemporary research.
27) Field:
'Field' refers to the discipline or area of study, in this case, medicinal plant research. This term denotes the broader context within which the research operates, emphasizing the significance of interdisciplinary approaches in understanding the therapeutic potential of natural products and reinforcing the need for research in ethnopharmacology.
28) Dona (Doṇa, Doṇā):
'Dona' is mentioned to refer to a local name for Artemisia vulgaris in Hindi. This emphasizes the cultural significance of the plant in regional traditional medicine. The incorporation of local terminology enriches the scientific narrative, reflecting the importance of indigenous knowledge in validating and appreciating the roles of specific plants in healthcare practices.
29) Dish (Diś):
'Dish' refers to the petri dish used in the microbiological assessments of the antibacterial activity. This laboratory item is pivotal in culturing bacteria for testing the effects of AV-1. The inclusion of such technical nomenclature highlights the meticulous methodologies applied in the study to provide credible evidence for the antibacterial properties of the isolated compound.
30) Worm:
'Worm' references the English common name “Indian wormwood” attributed to Artemisia vulgaris. This term illustrates the plant's identity, merging traditional recognition with scientific nomenclature. Understanding how common names translate cultural significance aids in the documentation and preservation of botanical knowledge for future medicinal applications.
Other Science Concepts:
Discover the significance of concepts within the article: ‘Antibacterial activity of av-1 from titeypati (Artemisia vulgaris).’. Further sources in the context of Science might help you critically compare this page with similair documents:
Medicinal plant, Statistical analysis, Scientific rationale, Research topic, Medicinal value, Antibacterial activity, Plant material, Zone of inhibition, Minimum inhibitory concentration, Comparative results, Antimicrobial agent, Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Gram positive bacteria, Gram negative bacteria, Minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC), Disc diffusion technique, Salmonella Typhi, Streptococcus Pyogenes, Chemical compound, Nutrient agar media, Bacillus subtilis, Isolated compound, Serial dilution technique, Chromatographic Technique, Artemisia vulgaris Linn, Kanamycin.