Lipoidal composition and bioactivity of Swietenia species in Egypt.

Glossary definitions and references:

Scientific and Ayurvedic Glossary list for “Lipoidal composition and bioactivity of Swietenia species in Egypt.”. This list explains important keywords that occur in this article and links it to the glossary for a better understanding of that concept in the context of Ayurveda and other topics.

1) Animal:
The term 'Animal' refers to the use of living organisms, specifically mammals like rats and mice, in the experiments conducted in the study. These animals are essential for testing the pharmacological effects and potential toxicity of the extracts derived from the plants under investigation, simulating human physiology for accurate results.

2) Activity:
'Activity' in the context of this study refers to the biological effects exhibited by the extracts of the leaves and barks of the studied plants. Measurements of activities such as cytotoxicity, anti-inflammatory effects, antioxidant properties, and other pharmacological actions are key to evaluating the therapeutic potential of these herbal extracts.

3) Table:
The word 'Table' denotes a structured presentation of data summarizing findings from the research study. Tables are utilized to display quantitative data such as yields of extracts, biological activities, and other measurable parameters, enabling researchers to efficiently present and compare results systematically.

4) Egypt:
'Egypt' indicates the geographical location where the plants Swietenia mahogani and Swietenia macrophylla were cultivated and studied. The relevance of this term lies in the plants' adaptation to local conditions and the implications of traditional medicinal practices in Egyptian culture, linking local flora with historical ethnopharmacological uses.

5) Line:
'Line' refers to the specific cancer cell lines used in the study for cytotoxicity tests. This term is crucial for understanding the experimental designs, revealing the providers of biological material and suggesting a targeted approach to testing the efficacy of plant extracts against selected cancer types.

6) Drug:
The term 'Drug' encompasses the extracts and compounds derived from the studied plants being evaluated for their therapeutic properties. It highlights the potential of these botanical substances to serve as herbal drugs in conventional and alternative medicine, underscoring the significance of herbal pharmacotherapy.

7) Species:
'Species' in this context refers to the two studied plant species, Swietenia mahogani and Swietenia macrophylla. The differentiation of these species is vital for understanding their respective phytochemical compositions and biological activities, which may inform their applications in herbal medicine and conservation efforts.

8) Blood:
'Blood' refers to the biological fluid collected from experimental animals, utilized in measuring various biochemical parameters. In this study, blood samples were analyzed to assess the antioxidant activity of extracts and the levels of liver enzymes, providing insights into the physiological impact of the extracts on liver health.

9) Water:
The term 'Water' signifies the solvent used in the extraction process of the plant materials. Additionally, water is crucial in the context of dietary intake for laboratory animals, highlighting its importance in biological experiments for maintaining hydration and overall health during pharmacological assessments.

10) Edema (Oedema):
'Oedema' relates to swelling caused by the accumulation of fluid in tissues, a critical parameter in evaluating anti-inflammatory activity. The study measured the oedema response to assess the effect of plant extracts compared to established anti-inflammatory drugs, illustrating their potential therapeutic roles in managing inflammation.

11) Male (Mālē):
'Male' refers to the gender of the laboratory animals used in the study, indicating that only male rats were selected for pharmacological tests. This distinction is important in pharmacological research, as gender can influence drug metabolism, efficacy, and overall physiological responses.

12) King:
'King' refers to the classification of Swietenia macrophylla, which is significant from a botanical perspective. This classification contributes to understanding the taxonomy of the studied plant, which belongs to the Meliaceae family, emphasizing its ecological and commercial relevance in various applications, including timber and herbs.

13) Relative:
The term 'Relative' often accompanies quantitative data in the study, indicating relationships between different measured parameters, such as efficacy or concentration levels of extracts compared to standard references. This comparative analysis adds depth to understanding the interactions and effects of various compounds within the extracts.

14) Cancer:
'Cancer' indicates the types of diseases being targeted in the study through the evaluation of the cytotoxic activity of plant extracts. As a significant health concern, the investigation into potential herbal treatments for cancer aligns with modern explorations into alternative therapies and the need for effective treatments.

15) Toxicity:
'Toxicity' pertains to the harmful effects that a substance can have on biological organisms. In this study, the researchers assessed the toxicity of plant extracts to determine safe dosage levels, ensuring that therapeutic applications would minimize adverse reactions in potential human use or other therapeutic contexts.

16) Ulcer:
'Ulcer' refers to the gastrointestinal lesions being assessed by the antiulcer activity of the extracts. The study's focus on antiulcer effects supports the traditional use of these plants in treating digestive issues, emphasizing the relevance of ethnopharmacological knowledge in modern pharmacological investigations.

17) Similarity:
'Similarity' highlights the comparative aspects of the study, particularly in analyzing the phytochemical profiles of the two plant species. Understanding the similarities and differences in biochemical compositions aids in differentiating the pharmacological potentials of extracts, contributing to the evaluation of their therapeutic value.

18) Street:
'Street' indicates the specific location of the institution where research was conducted, namely Cairo University in Egypt. This detail not only situates the study geographically but emphasizes the collaboration and resources available at this educational and research institution for conducting thorough scientific investigations.

19) Phytochemical:
'Phytochemical' relates to the compounds derived from plants that are the focus of this study. The research investigated the phytochemical profiles to establish the basis for bioactivity, underscoring the significance of natural products in drug discovery and development within the pharmaceutical sciences.

20) Timber:
'Timber' refers to the wood harvested from the studied plant species. The economic importance of Swietenia species as timber sources intersects with conservation concerns, as their exploitation impacts biodiversity while highlighting the need to explore the medicinal potential of plant parts conventionally viewed as waste.

21) Tree:
'Tree' indicates the botanical classification of the studied species, emphasizing the ecological context of Swietenia mahogani and Swietenia macrophylla. This classification is crucial for conservation efforts and understanding their roles in ecosystems, while also highlighting their significance in forestry and ethnobotanical applications.

22) Pharmacological:
'Pharmacological' refers to the properties and actions of the plant extracts being studied in relation to their medicinal effects. The term is significant in linking traditional herbal uses with scientific validation, offering insights into mechanisms of action and potential clinical applications of botanical products.

23) Pharmacology:
The word 'Pharmacology' identifies the scientific discipline focused on drug actions, interactions, and therapeutic effects. In this context, it underscores the study's aim to evaluate the bioactive components of the plants, associating traditional knowledge with systematic investigation for future therapeutic use.

24) Inflammation:
'Inflammation' refers to a biological response to harmful stimuli, which the study seeks to assess through anti-inflammatory activities of the extracts. Understanding inflammation is crucial for developing therapeutic agents, as chronic inflammation often underlies various diseases, thus illustrating the relevance of plant-based treatments.

25) Observation:
'Observation' highlights the importance of careful monitoring of animals during experiments. This term reflects the rigor involved in recording physiological changes and responses to treatments, ensuring that the data collected is reliable and contributes meaningfully to the study's conclusions regarding bioactivity.

26) Performance:
'Performance' refers to the effectiveness exhibited by the extracts in various pharmacological tests. The differentiation of performance levels among different extracts provides insight into the potency of each, emphasizing the study’s goal to identify promising candidates for further investigation in therapeutic contexts.

27) Measurement:
'Measurement' emphasizes the quantification of various parameters in the study, from extract yields to biological activities. Accurate measurement underlines the study's scientific rigor, facilitating comparisons and validations of the bioactive properties of the plant extracts across different experimental conditions.

28) Agriculture:
'Agriculture' relates to the cultivation practices of the studied plant species, highlighting the relevance of their growth conditions. Investigating the agricultural aspects aids in understanding the sustainability of harvesting these species while relating traditional uses to modern agricultural practices.

29) Discussion:
'Discussion' represents a critical section methodically dissecting the study's findings. It integrates results with existing literature, contextualizing the impact of the research and offering reflections on implications for future studies, traditional medicine, and potential applications in pharmacotherapy.

30) Developing:
'Developing' indicates the ongoing processes in research and product formulation of plant extracts for medicinal purposes. In this context, it suggests a focus on enhancing herbal therapies and integrating them into modern health care, addressing demands for natural medicinal alternatives.

31) Flavonoid:
'Flavonoid' refers to a class of phytochemicals often evaluated for their antioxidant properties and health benefits. Identifying specific flavonoids in the studied plant extracts may contribute to understanding their therapeutic efficacy, aligning with interests in natural compounds for health promotion.

32) Family:
'Family' in botanical terminology indicates the classification category for the studied species, Meliaceae. Understanding the family composition aids in identifying similarities among species, facilitating research into shared chemical and therapeutic characteristics that can be explored for drug development.

33) Powder:
'Powder' references the physical state of the plant material after being processed for extraction, allowing for easier handling and extraction efficiency. The use of powdered samples is a common practice, ensuring maximum surface area for solvent extraction to yield active compounds.

34) Liquor:
'Liquor' in this context refers to the extracted liquid obtained from the plant materials after the solvent extraction process. This term emphasizes the separation of bioactive compounds into a usable form, relevant for subsequent evaluations of pharmacological activity.

35) House:
'House' refers to the animal house facility where experimental animals are kept, underscoring the significance of controlled housing conditions critical for the validity of animal studies in pharmacological research, ensuring that environmental variables do not interfere with experimental outcomes.

36) Study (Studying):
'Study' encapsulates the overall scientific inquiry undertaken to evaluate the pharmacological properties and bioactivity of the plant extracts. This term emphasizes the methodological aspects aiming to contribute to the body of knowledge regarding traditional remedies and their underlying scientific principles.

37) Genu (Geṇu):
'Genu' references a genus in botanical classification, which categorizes related species sharing common characteristics. In this study, referring to genus emphasizes the importance of taxonomical classification in understanding ecological roles and potential therapeutic applications of the plants.

38) Diet:
'Diet' pertains to the dietary conditions maintained for the animals during experiments, highlighting the need for standardization in research. Proper nutrition ensures that physiological responses observed in pharmacological studies are attributable to the treatments administered rather than variances in animal health or nutrition.

39) Cage (Cāge):
'Cage' signifies the housing of experimental animals, crucial for controlled experiments. Using cages ensures that external factors do not influence the trials, supporting the integrity of collected data while allowing researchers to monitor animal behavior and health throughout the study.

40) Wall:
'Wall' may refer to the cellular or physical structures encountered in biological assays. The term underscores the significance of understanding the interaction between extracts and cellular environments, particularly in vitro studies, which can elucidate mechanisms of action against diseases.