Antihyperlipidemic effects of Cinnamomum malabatrum on cholesterol rats

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Journal name: World Journal of Pharmaceutical Research
Original article title: Antihyperlipidemic activity of alcoholic extract of cinnamomum malabatrum burm. on cholesterol diet induced rats
The WJPR includes peer-reviewed publications such as scientific research papers, reports, review articles, company news, thesis reports and case studies in areas of Biology, Pharmaceutical industries and Chemical technology while incorporating ancient fields of knowledge such combining Ayurveda with scientific data.
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Author:

Natarajan P, Sumi John, Thangathirupathi A, Kala R


World Journal of Pharmaceutical Research:

(An ISO 9001:2015 Certified International Journal)

Full text available for: Antihyperlipidemic activity of alcoholic extract of cinnamomum malabatrum burm. on cholesterol diet induced rats

Source type: An International Peer Reviewed Journal for Pharmaceutical and Medical and Scientific Research


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Summary of article contents:

Introduction

Hyperlipidemia, characterized by elevated lipid levels in the blood, is a significant risk factor for cardiovascular diseases such as ischemic heart disease. Cinnamomum malabatrum, belonging to the Lauraceae family, has shown potential health benefits, yet the anti-hyperlipidemic properties of its alcoholic leaf extract had not been clinically evaluated until this study. The research aims to assess the efficacy of the extract in reducing lipid levels in hyperlipidemic rat models.

Antihyperlipidemic Activity

The study demonstrated that the alcoholic extract of Cinnamomum malabatrum resulted in a significant reduction in total cholesterol, triglycerides, low-density lipoprotein (LDL), and very low-density lipoprotein (VLDL) levels, while increasing high-density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol. The extract's mechanisms appear to include inhibition of cholesterol absorption and enhancement of hepatic LDL receptor expression, leading to improved lipid profiles in treated rats. Results indicated that both the extract and the standard medication, atorvastatin, effectively reduced lipid levels.

Antioxidant Activity

Additionally, the extract of Cinnamomum malabatrum significantly increased the activity of antioxidant enzymes and the levels of reduced glutathione (GSH) in liver and heart tissues. This suggests that the extract not only targets lipid profiles but also enhances the body's antioxidant defense mechanism, potentially mitigating oxidative stress associated with hyperlipidemia.

HMG-CoA Reductase Inhibition

The study also measured the indirect activity of HMG-CoA reductase, a critical enzyme in cholesterol biosynthesis. The results indicated a significant increase in the HMG-CoA/mevalonate ratio, suggesting that the Cinnamomum malabatrum extract effectively inhibits this enzyme's activity. This inhibition aligns with its observed lipid-lowering effects, further supporting the extract's therapeutic potential in managing cholesterol levels.

Conclusion

The findings of this research provide compelling evidence that the alcoholic extract of Cinnamomum malabatrum exhibits significant antihyperlipidemic activity comparable to the standard atorvastatin. With its multifaceted benefits, including improvements in lipid profiles and antioxidant status, this extract presents a promising therapeutic option for managing hyperlipidemia and, by extension, reducing cardiovascular disease risk.

FAQ section (important questions/answers):

What is the main focus of the study on Cinnamomum malabatrum?

The study investigates the antihyperlipidemic activity of alcoholic extract of Cinnamomum malabatrum on hyperlipidemic rats, aiming to reduce cholesterol levels and associated cardiovascular risks.

How was the extract of Cinnamomum malabatrum prepared?

The extract was prepared by drying and powdering the leaves, then extracting with 95% ethanol for two days, yielding a 3% w/w extract that was administered to hyperlipidemic rats.

What were the effects of Cinnamomum malabatrum on lipid profiles?

The extract significantly reduced total cholesterol, triglycerides, LDL, VLDL, and increased HDL levels in hyperlipidemic rats, indicating its potential to improve lipid profiles.

Did Cinnamomum malabatrum extract show any safety concerns?

The study found no significant toxicity even at high doses, suggesting the extract is safe for use in the evaluated models of hyperlipidemia.

What pharmacological components were identified in Cinnamomum malabatrum?

Phytochemical screening revealed the presence of phenolics, flavonoids, saponins, and other components, which are believed to contribute to its antioxidant and hypolipidemic activities.

How did atorvastatin compare to Cinnamomum malabatrum extract?

Atorvastatin exhibited similar antihyperlipidemic effects compared to the Cinnamomum malabatrum extract, highlighting the potential of the extract as a therapeutic alternative for managing hyperlipidemia.

Glossary definitions and references:

Scientific and Ayurvedic Glossary list for “Antihyperlipidemic effects of Cinnamomum malabatrum on cholesterol rats”. This list explains important keywords that occur in this article and links it to the glossary for a better understanding of that concept in the context of Ayurveda and other topics.

1) Diet:
Diet refers to the types of food consumed by the experimental animals, particularly the cholesterol-rich diet in this study. This dietary modification is essential for inducing hyperlipidemia in rats, allowing researchers to evaluate the effects of the Cinnamomum malabatrum extract on lipid levels and to understand the relationship between diet and lipid metabolism.

2) Activity:
Activity denotes the pharmacological effects of the alcoholic extract of Cinnamomum malabatrum on hyperlipidemic rats. This term is crucial as it informs the outcomes of the study on how well the extract can reduce lipid levels, showcasing its potential benefits as a natural therapy for hyperlipidemia.

3) Blood:
Blood plays a critical role in the study as the primary medium through which lipids are transported. The effective analysis of lipid profiles in blood samples taken from the experimental rats helps to elucidate the impact of the Cinnamomum malabatrum extract on lipid metabolism and its potential therapeutic applications.

4) Disease:
Disease in this context primarily refers to cardiovascular disease and its risk factors, such as hyperlipidemia. Understanding disease mechanisms is vital for developing effective treatments, and studying the effects of Cinnamomum malabatrum addresses how natural products might manage or prevent such conditions in clinically relevant models.

5) Table:
Tables are used extensively in the study to present data in a clear and organized manner. They compile the results of various experiments, including changes in body weight, lipid profiles, and biochemical parameters, which facilitates easy comparison and enhances the understanding of the extract's therapeutic effects on hyperlipidemic rats.

6) Drug:
Drug refers to any substance that produces a pharmacological effect, including the standard atorvastatin used as a control for evaluating the antihyperlipidemic activity of Cinnamomum malabatrum. Investigating the efficacy of this extract against conventional drugs highlights its potential as a complementary or alternative treatment for lipid abnormalities.

7) Study (Studying):
Study refers to the systematic investigation of the antihyperlipidemic properties of the Cinnamomum malabatrum extract. This research approach involves methods such as biochemical assays, statistical analysis, and observation of animal models, generating valuable data on natural compounds with potential health benefits against hyperlipidemia.

8) Animal:
Animal refers to the laboratory rats used in the study, specifically Wistar albino rats. The use of living animal models is essential for evaluating the in vivo effects of the extract on hyperlipidemia, providing insights that can be translated into potential applications for human health.

9) Bile:
Bile plays an important role in fat digestion and absorption, particularly in the context of the study's focus on cholesterol metabolism. The evaluation of bile acid levels in feces helps in understanding how Cinnamomum malabatrum influences lipid metabolism and its potential mechanisms of action as a hypolipidemic agent.

10) Species:
Species refers to the scientific classification of the Cinnamomum malabatrum plant, which is significant for understanding its unique properties and potential applications. The study emphasizes the relevance of plant biodiversity, especially species known for their medicinal benefits, in natural product research and pharmacology.

11) India:
India is significant as it highlights the geographical and cultural context of the research. The study employs native plant species like Cinnamomum malabatrum, reflecting India's rich biodiversity and traditional use of herbs in managing health conditions, thereby linking indigenous knowledge with scientific investigation.

12) Pharmacological:
Pharmacological pertains to the study and effects of drugs and natural products on biological systems. Understanding the pharmacological actions of Cinnamomum malabatrum allows researchers to elucidate its potential therapeutic benefits, contributing to knowledge in drug discovery and natural medicine.

13) Toxicity:
Toxicity relates to the safety profile of the Cinnamomum malabatrum extract. The study includes acute toxicity assessments to ensure that the extract does not produce harmful effects at therapeutic doses, establishing its potential for safe use in treating hyperlipidemia.

14) Water:
Water is a fundamental component in biological systems, often used as a solvent for preparing extracts. In this study, water's role in the laboratory protocols, including treatment administration and sample preparation, is crucial for ensuring accurate biochemical analysis and understanding the extract's effects.

15) Salt (Salty):
Salt may refer to the ionic compounds used in biochemical assays, such as sodium hydroxide in bile acid estimation. Understanding its role is important in the experimental procedures that assess the extract's impact on lipid metabolism, as these ionic interactions can influence biological reactions.

16) Pharmacology:
Pharmacology is the branch of medicine focused on the study of drugs and their effects on the body. The study contributes to this field by investigating the antihyperlipidemic effects of a natural extract, offering insights that may lead to new therapeutic options for managing lipid-related disorders.

17) Accumulation (Accumulating, Accumulate):
Accumulation refers to the buildup of lipids in the bloodstream or tissues, a significant aspect of hyperlipidemia. The study examines how Cinnamomum malabatrum affects lipid accumulation, providing insights into its potential for reducing serum lipid levels and mitigating associated health risks.

18) Tamilnadu (Tamil-nadu, Tamilnāḍu):
Tamil Nadu denotes the state in India where the study was conducted. The inclusion of this specific geographic location emphasizes the local cultural and botanical heritage that contributes to the traditional knowledge of herbal medicines and their modern scientific evaluations.

19) Substance:
Substance refers to the chemical or biological material being studied. In this case, Cinnamomum malabatrum extract is the focus, illustrating its biochemical properties and potential therapeutic effects against hyperlipidemia, thereby informing the broader scientific understanding of natural compounds.

20) Cinnamon:
Cinnamon, specifically the Cinnamomum genus, is highlighted for its diverse beneficial properties, including potential health benefits. The study's focus on Cinnamomum malabatrum connects traditional uses of cinnamon in herbal medicine to modern pharmacological research, showing the relevance of this spice in health care.

21) Kerala (Keralā):
Kerala is significant as it is mentioned as the location from where Cinnamomum malabatrum leaves were collected. This highlights the importance of regional biodiversity and the traditional use of local flora in therapeutic contexts, linking it to contemporary research in pharmacognosy.

22) Death:
Death refers to the mortality rates associated with cardiovascular diseases, underscoring the importance of studies like this one. By focusing on potential therapies for hyperlipidemia, such research contributes to efforts aimed at reducing disease-related deaths and improving public health outcomes.

23) Tamil (Tamiḻ):
Tamil refers to the language and culture associated with Tamil Nadu, where the study was conducted. Acknowledging this cultural context emphasizes the traditional knowledge of medicinal plants within the Tamil community and how it aligns with modern scientific investigations.

24) Lipi (Lipī):
Lipi translates to 'lipid' in some Indian languages, which is integral to discussions of hyperlipidemia. Understanding lipids, including their types and functions, is crucial when examining the effects of natural extracts on lipid profiles, offering insights into the mechanisms of action.

25) Nadu (Nāḍu):
Nadu refers to a regional term used in the context of Tamil Nadu, highlighting the significance of geographic and cultural specificity in herbal medicine practices. It underlines the local understanding and utilization of traditional remedies like Cinnamomum malabatrum in health care.

26) Phytochemical:
Phytochemical refers to the bioactive compounds present in plants that contribute to their medicinal properties. The study of Cinnamomum malabatrum emphasizes the identification of various phytochemicals, which are crucial for understanding their roles in health benefits and their mechanisms of action.

27) Discussion:
Discussion is a key component of research papers, where interpretations of results, implications, and comparisons to existing literature are analyzed. This section sheds light on the significance of findings related to Cinnamomum malabatrum in hyperlipidemia, guiding future research directions.

28) Reflecting:
Reflecting indicates the importance of the findings in demonstrating the efficacy of Cinnamomum malabatrum in reducing hyperlipidemia. This term emphasizes the necessity of translating experimental results into therapeutic applications and encouraging further exploration of natural products in medical research.

29) Developing:
Developing refers to the ongoing efforts to create new therapies or treatments based on research findings. In this study, the development of potential antihyperlipidemic agents from Cinnamomum malabatrum reflects both traditional knowledge and modern scientific methodologies in herbal medicine.

30) Science (Scientific):
Scientific refers to the systematic and empirical approach taken in the study to investigate the effects of Cinnamomum malabatrum. This emphasizes the reliance on controlled experiments, data analysis, and reproducibility in gaining reliable knowledge that contributes to the field of pharmacology.

31) Ayurveda (Āyurveda, Ayus-veda):
Ayurveda is a traditional Indian system of medicine reliant on natural products for healing and wellness. The study indirectly connects modern pharmacological research on Cinnamomum malabatrum with ancient practices in Ayurveda, illustrating the interplay between traditional and contemporary medicinal approaches.

32) Relative:
Relative denotes the familial connections between various species of the Cinnamomum genus. Understanding these relationships enhances the study’s context in evaluating the unique properties and potential applications of Cinnamomum malabatrum based on its phylogenetic background.

33) Family:
Family refers to the taxonomic rank indicating the classification of plants, such as Lauraceae for Cinnamomum malabatrum. This classification aids in understanding the shared characteristics and pharmacological properties among related species, which is important for the development of herbal medicines.

34) Powder:
Powder indicates the form in which the Cinnamomum malabatrum leaves were processed to prepare the extract. The ability to extract bioactive compounds is crucial for evaluating the efficacy of the plant, making the preparation method an essential aspect of pharmacognosy and herbal product development.

35) Trade:
Trade pertains to the historical and contemporary exchange of spice commodities like Cinnamomum malabatrum. Acknowledging this aspect highlights the economic implications and cultural significance of plants in traditional medicine, as well as their contributions to global health markets.

36) House:
House refers to the controlled environment in which the experimental animals were kept during the study. Proper housing conditions are essential for maintaining animal welfare and ensuring reliable experimental results while minimizing external variables that could affect the study outcomes.

37) Genu (Geṇu):
Genu refers to the genus classification of the plant, Cinnamomum. This classification is important in botanical studies and reflects the evolutionary relationships among plant species, impacting research on their use in medicine and highlighting the importance of biodiversity in pharmaceutical research.

38) Kala (Kālā, Kalā, Kāla):
Kala is a name mentioned in the study that could refer to an individual or specific term in the context of the research. Its inclusion emphasizes the collaborative effort involved in conducting the study and the relevance of each contributor’s expertise to the research findings.

39) Tree:
Tree refers to the growth form of Cinnamomum malabatrum, indicating its robust nature as a plant. This morphological aspect is significant in understanding the ecological and biological characteristics of the species, which can influence its potential uses in traditional medicine and pharmacology.

40) Cage (Cāge):
Cage refers to the housing unit for the experimental animals in this study. Proper caging is vital for animal care, ensuring safety and comfort, which is important for obtaining valid research results and ethical treatment of the animals used in pharmacological studies.

Other Science Concepts:

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Discover the significance of concepts within the article: ‘Antihyperlipidemic effects of Cinnamomum malabatrum on cholesterol rats’. Further sources in the context of Science might help you critically compare this page with similair documents:

Statistical analysis, Phytochemical screening, Total cholesterol, Lipid profile, Acute toxicity study, Standard drug, Lipid metabolism, Anti-hyperlipidemic activity, Atherogenic Index, Cinnamomum malabatrum, Biochemical estimation, Cardiovascular risk factor, Reverse cholesterol transport, Cholesterol diet, Antioxidant enzyme, Cholesterol absorption, Glutathione Content.

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