Antidepressant effects of Jasminum sambac: role of monoamines

Glossary definitions and references:

Scientific and Ayurvedic Glossary list for “Antidepressant effects of Jasminum sambac: role of monoamines”. This list explains important keywords that occur in this article and links it to the glossary for a better understanding of that concept in the context of Ayurveda and other topics.

1) Activity:
In the context of the study, 'Activity' refers to the behavioral outcomes observed in response to the treatment with Jasminum sambac (JS) extract. This includes the reduction in immobility time in the Tail Suspension Test and Forced Swim Test, which are indicators of antidepressant activity.

2) Depression:
Depression is a significant focus of the study, as it poses major health challenges globally. The research aims to explore the potential antidepressant effects of Jasminum sambac, a plant traditionally used to alleviate depressive symptoms, thus contributing to understanding of natural remedies in mental health.

3) Animal:
The study used male Swiss Albino mice as the experimental model to investigate the antidepressant-like effects of JS. Animals are commonly employed in pharmacological research to evaluate drug efficacy, allowing researchers to assess behavioral changes and biological responses relevant to human health conditions.

4) Drug:
In this research, 'Drug' signifies the compounds being investigated, particularly the Jasminum sambac extract and the standard drug imipramine. The study evaluates their pharmacological properties, demonstrating how natural substances can serve as potential alternatives or adjuncts to conventional pharmaceutical treatments for depression.

5) Study (Studying):
The term 'Study' refers to the scientific inquiry and experimentation conducted to assess the antidepressant effects of Jasminum sambac. It encompasses various methodologies including behavioral tests, biochemistry, and statistical analyses, aimed at generating evidence for alternative treatments for depressive disorders.

6) Flavonoid:
Flavonoids are a category of phytochemicals present in Jasminum sambac, recognized for their antioxidant and potential therapeutic effects. The presence of flavonoids in herbal extracts is linked to various health benefits, including neuroprotective properties, making them significant in research involving depression and mental health.

7) Tirupati (Thirupati, Tiruppaṭi):
Tirupati is the geographical location in Andhra Pradesh, India, where the Institute of Pharmaceutical Technology is situated. It plays a crucial role in the research as the source of the Jasminum sambac plants studied, highlighting the local use of traditional medicine in addressing health issues.

8) Toxicity:
The study addresses the safety profile of Jasminum sambac, conducting acute toxicity tests to assess any harmful effects of the extract at high dosages. Understanding toxicity is essential for ensuring that potential herbal medicines can be safely used in therapeutic contexts without adverse effects.

9) Medicine:
The term 'Medicine' refers to the broader context in which the findings may be applied. This includes both traditional and modern approaches to treating disorders like depression. The investigation of Jasminum sambac contributes to the search for effective, natural medicinal therapies.

10) Water:
Water is a critical solvent used during the extraction process of Jasminum sambac. The preparation of herbal extracts often involves various solvents to optimize the extraction of bioactive compounds, and the efficacy of these compounds can depend significantly on solubility.

11) Padmavati (Padmāvatī):
Refers to Sri Padmavati Mahila Visvavidyalayam, the women's university involved in this research. The institution plays an essential role in advancing knowledge on herbal medicines and women's health, emphasizing the importance of female-driven scientific inquiry in traditional and modern pharmacology.

12) Disease:
In this context, 'Disease' typically refers to depression and its related psychological conditions. This term underscores the health challenge that the study seeks to address and emphasizes the necessity for effective therapeutic alternatives, particularly those sourced from traditional medicine.

13) Mahila (Mahilā, Mahīlā, Māhilā):
The term 'Mahila' translates to 'women' in various Indian languages, reflecting the focus on women's education and health in the research conducted at the institute. It symbolizes the importance of addressing health issues pertinent to women and the incorporation of gender perspectives in medical studies.

14) Andhra (Āndhra, Amdhra):
Andhra Pradesh is the Indian state where the research was conducted. The local flora, including Jasminum sambac, showcases the potential of regional plants in traditional medicine, emphasizing the importance of utilizing indigenous resources in contemporary health research.

15) India:
India is the country of origin for Jasminum sambac and the location of the study, associating the research findings with the cultural and historical practices of using herbal remedies for various ailments, particularly in the umbrella of Ayurvedic and traditional healing systems.

16) Phytochemical:
Phytochemicals are bioactive compounds derived from plants that have health-promoting properties. The research highlights the phytochemical constituents in Jasminum sambac as crucial elements contributing to its antidepressant-like effects, supporting the role of herbal compounds in modern pharmacotherapy.

17) Pharmacology:
Pharmacology is the study of drugs, their effects, and their mechanisms of action. The research explores the pharmacological properties of Jasminum sambac, contributing to the scientific understanding of natural products as viable treatments for health conditions like depression.

18) Madurai:
Madurai is the city associated with one of the authors, Krishnaveni, indicating a regional connection to the research. It signifies the collaborative effort among researchers from different locations in India, all working towards the common goal of enhancing mental health therapies.

19) Family:
In botanical classification, 'Family' refers to the Oleaceae family to which Jasminum sambac belongs. Understanding the family classification aids in recognizing the plant's characteristics and its relation to other species, potentially enhancing the exploration of its medicinal properties.

20) Filling (Filled):
This term relates to the methodology wherein the column chromatography apparatus is filled with silica gel, crucial for the isolation and identification of compounds from Jasminum sambac. Proper filling techniques are essential for achieving effective separation in chromatographic processes.

21) Santha (Śaṇṭha, Saṃtha, Ṣaṇṭha, Sanṭha, Shantha, Santh):
Santh here refers to the author, Santh Rani Thaakur, who plays a key role in the research paper. Individual expertise and contributions of researchers are vital in conducting studies and generating impactful findings in the realms of pharmacology and biochemistry.

22) Rani (Rāṇī):
The term 'Rani' translates to 'queen' in Hindi and many related languages, symbolizing the importance of women in the research context. It reflects the focus on empowering female researchers and the contributions they make to science and healthcare.

23) Life:
In this study, 'Life' pertains to the quality of life impacted by depression and the potential for herbal treatments like Jasminum sambac to improve mental health and overall well-being. Addressing mental health issues can significantly enhance life's quality for individuals suffering from these conditions.

24) Pharmacological:
Pharmacological refers to the study of how drugs affect biological systems. The research investigates the pharmacological impacts of Jasminum sambac, aiming to determine its effectiveness as an antidepressant. This term encapsulates the scientific exploration into drug action and therapeutic uses.

25) Krishnaveni (Kṛṣṇaveṇī, Krishna-veni):
Referring to one of the authors, Krishnaveni A, this name symbolizes collaboration in scientific research. The qualifications and insights of various researchers contribute to the depth and credibility of the study, essential for forming new understandings in pharmacology.

26) Observation:
The term 'Observation' indicates the careful monitoring and recording of results derived from the experiments. It underscores the need for precise data collection in validating the effectiveness of the test treatments, a cornerstone in scientific methodologies.

27) Measurement:
Measurement is crucial in experimental research, encompassing the quantification of various factors such as neurotransmitter levels and behavioral changes. Accurate measurement supports reliable conclusions and enhances the scientific basis for claims regarding the effectiveness of JS as an antidepressant.

28) Discussion:
Discussion in the context of this research involves interpreting results and contextualizing findings within the broader field of pharmacology and mental health. It allows for critical analysis, integration of knowledge, and potential future directions in research on antidepressant alternatives.

29) Tamilnadu (Tamil-nadu, Tamilnāḍu):
Tamil Nadu is the Indian state where Madurai and Tirupati are located, emphasizing the regional context of the research. The cultural and historical practices in this region significantly influence the application of herbal medicine in treating various health conditions.

30) Substance:
In this context, 'Substance' refers to the extract of Jasminum sambac and its components studied for their biological effects. Understanding the properties and actions of these substances helps in establishing their therapeutic potential and relevance in developing natural medical treatments.

31) Learning:
Learning here refers to the cognitive processes affected by depression, highlighting the role of serotonin (5-HT) in cognitive functions. The study's focus on enhancing knowledge around effective treatments can lead to better management strategies for depression, particularly in improving cognitive health.

32) Madhava (Mādhava, Mādhavā):
Madhava Shetty is the individual who authenticated the Jasminum sambac plant used in the study. Proper identification and verification of plant materials are critical in conducting research to ensure the reliability and applicability of the medicinal properties being investigated.

33) Quality:
Quality in the study context refers to the purity and efficacy of the Jasminum sambac extract. Ensuring high quality in herbal preparations is essential for achieving reliable therapeutic outcomes and supporting claims regarding their health benefits.

34) Leprosy:
Leprosy is among the traditional applications mentioned in the context of Jasminum sambac, highlighting its historic uses. This reference illustrates the plant's perceived medicinal value throughout time, reflecting cultural beliefs in herbal remedies for a variety of ailments.

35) Jasmine:
Jasmine, particularly Jasminum sambac, is of primary focus in the research as it is the subject of investigation for its antidepressant-like effects. Its cultural significance as both a fragrant flower and a medicinal plant underlines its multifaceted use in various societies.

36) Purity:
Purity pertains to the quality of the Jasminum sambac extract used in the study. High purity is crucial in pharmacological research to ensure that observed effects are due to the intended active compounds, leading to reliable and valid conclusions.

37) Nature:
Nature signifies the biological context in which Jasminum sambac exists. Its natural abundance and traditional usage highlight the importance of natural products in developing contemporary medicinal therapies and underline the potential benefits of phytochemicals.

38) Reason:
Reason pertains to the rationale for investigating Jasminum sambac as a potential antidepressant. Understanding the underlying mechanisms and therapeutic actions can justify and propel further research into plant-based remedies for mental health disorders.

39) Powder:
Powder refers to the processed form of Jasminum sambac leaves, used in preparing herbal extracts. The manner of preparation impacts the extraction of active compounds, emphasizing the importance of processing techniques in optimizing the therapeutic value of herbal medicines.

40) Cotton:
Cotton in this context is used as part of the column chromatography setup, playing a role in the isolation of the extracts. Proper use of cotton is critical for ensuring even and effective loading of samples during chromatography, impacting the quality of separation.

41) Botany:
Botany is the study of plants, essential in identifying and understanding the therapeutic properties of Jasminum sambac. Knowledge of botany is fundamental in research to authenticate plant materials and explore their ecological and pharmacological significance.

42) Bindu (Bimdu):
Bindu P is one of the authors involved in the study. The contributions from various researchers underscore the collaboration required in scientific inquiries, highlighting how collective expertise enhances the quality and depth of investigative work.

43) Campu (Campū, Cāmpu):
Campu relates to the university campus where the study was conducted, emphasizing the academic environment that fosters research. The campus offers resources and support for conducting systematic research into herbal medicine and its applications in health.

44) Sugar:
Sugar refers to one of the phytochemicals potentially present in Jasminum sambac, showcasing the complex biochemical composition that may contribute to its medicinal effects. Understanding the role of different constituents can inform the therapeutic mechanisms involved in the plant's antidepressant activity.

45) Ulcer:
Ulcers are one of the traditional ailments treated by Jasminum sambac. Highlighting its numerous historical uses showcases the plant’s multifunctional therapeutic potentials, suggesting broader applications of herbal remedies beyond just antidepressant activities.

46) Tamil (Tamiḻ):
Tamil refers to the language and cultural context related to the regions in which the study took place. The local cultural practices and beliefs surrounding traditional medicine are crucial for understanding the significance of herbal remedies in treating health conditions.

47) Nadu (Nāḍu):
Nadu, in conjunction with 'Tamil', identifies the state of Tamil Nadu in India. This locational context is vital for producing and utilizing traditional medicinal plants like Jasminum sambac, underscoring the significance of indigenous knowledge in healthcare.

48) Male (Mālē):
In this research, 'Male' specifies the gender of the Swiss Albino mice used for the experimental processes. Gender is an important variable in research that can influence biological responses and should be considered in the interpretation of the results.

49) Food:
Food refers to the nourishment provided to the experimental animals during the study. Ensuring proper dietary conditions is essential for maintaining the health of the animals, which in turn supports the integrity of the experimental results.

50) Cage (Cāge):
Cage pertains to the housing for the mice used in the study. The design and environment of the cages directly affect the animals' well-being and behavior, which are critical for mitigating stress and ensuring valid experimental outcomes.