In vitro screening of Argemone mexicana leaf extract for anticancer activity.
Journal name: World Journal of Pharmaceutical Research
Original article title: In vitro screeening of phytochemicals and anticancer activity of argemone mexicana leaf extract
The WJPR includes peer-reviewed publications such as scientific research papers, reports, review articles, company news, thesis reports and case studies in areas of Biology, Pharmaceutical industries and Chemical technology while incorporating ancient fields of knowledge such combining Ayurveda with scientific data.
This page presents a generated summary with additional references; See source (below) for actual content.
Original source:
This page is merely a summary which is automatically generated hence you should visit the source to read the original article which includes the author, publication date, notes and references.
Selvaraj Varun, Sudha Sellappa
World Journal of Pharmaceutical Research:
(An ISO 9001:2015 Certified International Journal)
Full text available for: In vitro screeening of phytochemicals and anticancer activity of argemone mexicana leaf extract
Source type: An International Peer Reviewed Journal for Pharmaceutical and Medical and Scientific Research
Copyright (license): WJPR: All rights reserved
Download the PDF file of the original publication
Summary of article contents:
Introduction
Medicinal plants play a crucial role in healthcare as sources for developing therapeutic agents. There is a growing interest in traditional medicine, and many believe that plant-derived drugs are safer and more effective than synthetic alternatives, which often have adverse side effects. Argemone mexicana, known as Mexican poppy, is recognized for its various medicinal properties and contains a variety of phytochemicals. The aim of this study was to evaluate the phytochemical constituents in different parts of A. mexicana and to assess its anticancer potential against MCF-7 breast cancer cells.
Phytochemical Analysis
Phytochemical screening revealed that the aqueous, ethanol, and methanol extracts of A. mexicana exhibited varying levels of bioactive compounds, with the aqueous extract of leaves demonstrating the highest content of flavonoids and tannins. The study highlighted the presence of alkaloids, phenols, terpenoids, glycosides, and tannins, suggesting that A. mexicana could be a valuable source for pharmaceutical applications. The extraction process yielded the highest phytochemical concentration in the leaf, particularly in the aqueous extract.
Cytotoxicity and Apoptosis Induction
The aqueous extract of A. mexicana leaf showed significant cytotoxic effects on MCF-7 breast cancer cells. Using techniques like the trypan blue dye exclusion assay and the MTT assay, it was found that the extract led to decreased cell viability in a dose- and time-dependent manner. Furthermore, morphological observations indicated apoptotic features in treated cells, confirming that A. mexicana induces cell death through apoptosis mechanisms. The study provided insights into the effectiveness of the plant extract in potentially inhibiting cancer cell proliferation.
Caspase Activity and Mechanisms of Action
A. mexicana's ability to induce apoptosis in MCF-7 cells was linked to the activation of caspases, specifically caspase-3, -8, and -9. The results suggested that the extract mediates cancer cell death through these key apoptotic pathways. The study emphasized the role of these caspases as crucial executors in the apoptosis process, reinforcing the potential of A. mexicana as a source of anticancer agents.
Conclusion
The findings of this study demonstrate that the leaf extract of A. mexicana possesses significant anticancer properties, effectively inhibiting the growth of MCF-7 human breast cancer cells through the induction of apoptosis. Further research is needed to isolate and characterize the active components of this plant to better understand their mechanisms of action and therapeutic potential.
FAQ section (important questions/answers):
What is the main focus of the study on Argemone mexicana?
The study focuses on the phytochemical analysis and anticancer activity of Argemone mexicana leaf extract, specifically its effects on MCF-7 breast cancer cells.
What bioactive compounds were identified in Argemone mexicana?
Phytochemical analysis showed the presence of alkaloids, flavonoids, tannins, glycosides, and terpenoids in the leaf, root, and stem extracts of Argemone mexicana.
What method was used to assess the anticancer activity of the extract?
The anticancer activity was assessed using the trypan blue dye exclusion assay, MTT assay, and analyzing morphological changes in MCF-7 cells.
How did the aqueous extract affect MCF-7 cell viability?
The aqueous extract of Argemone mexicana significantly reduced MCF-7 cell viability in a dose- and time-dependent manner, showing enhanced cytotoxicity.
What was concluded regarding apoptosis in treated MCF-7 cells?
Treatment with Argemone mexicana extract induced apoptosis in MCF-7 cells, evidenced by increased caspase activity and characteristic morphological changes.
Which extract showed the highest yield of phytochemicals?
The study found that the aqueous extract from the leaves of Argemone mexicana had the highest yield of phytochemicals compared to methanol and ethanol extracts.
Glossary definitions and references:
Scientific and Ayurvedic Glossary list for “In vitro screening of Argemone mexicana leaf extract for anticancer activity.”. This list explains important keywords that occur in this article and links it to the glossary for a better understanding of that concept in the context of Ayurveda and other topics.
1) Phytochemical:
Phytochemicals are naturally occurring compounds found in plants that contribute to the defense mechanisms of the plant against diseases. They play crucial roles in traditional medicine and are known to have various health benefits, including anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, and anticancer properties. Identifying and utilizing phytochemicals can lead to the development of new therapeutic agents.
2) Flavonoid:
Flavonoids are a class of phytochemicals known for their antioxidant properties and are present in many fruits, vegetables, and medicinal plants. They contribute to a plant's color and flavor and possess anti-inflammatory, anticancer, and cardiovascular protective effects. The study highlights the significant flavonoid content in Argemone mexicana's leaf extracts.
3) Cancer:
Cancer is a group of diseases characterized by uncontrolled cell growth and proliferation. It poses a significant health threat worldwide and has various types, including breast cancer, as studied in this research. Understanding the mechanisms that induce apoptosis in cancer cells is crucial for developing effective therapies and treatments.
4) Activity:
In the context of the study, 'activity' refers to the biological effects of the Argemone mexicana leaf extracts, particularly their cytotoxic and apoptotic effects on MCF-7 breast cancer cells. Assessing these activities provides insights into the potential of plant-derived compounds as therapeutic agents in fighting diseases like cancer.
5) Sugar:
Sugar, a simple carbohydrate, plays a vital role as an energy source in living organisms. In the context of phytochemical analysis, the presence of sugars in Argemone mexicana indicates the potential nutritional and medicinal value of the plant. Sugars can also influence various biological activities associated with the plant extracts.
6) Water:
Water is a universal solvent and is essential for various biological processes. In this research, water was used as a solvent for extracting phytochemicals from Argemone mexicana leaves. The use of aqueous extracts can often yield significant amounts of bioactive compounds, making water an important medium in herbal medicines.
7) Drug:
Drugs are substances used to diagnose, cure, treat, or prevent diseases. The study investigates the potential of plant-derived bioactive compounds from Argemone mexicana as new drugs against cancer. The focus on natural products is vital amidst concerns about the side effects of synthetic medications in modern medicine.
8) Science (Scientific):
Science refers to the systematic study of the structure and behavior of the physical and natural world through observation and experiment. The research presented employs scientific methods to explore the phytochemical composition and biological activity of Argemone mexicana, contributing to the body of knowledge in pharmacology and oncology.
9) Medicine:
Medicine is the field concerned with the diagnosis, treatment, and prevention of disease. The study emphasizes the importance of medicinal plants, particularly Argemone mexicana, in developing new treatment options for cancer. Insights into phytochemicals contribute to advances in natural and traditional medicine.
10) Sudha (Sudhā):
Sudha Sellappa is the corresponding author of the study, indicating her significant role in conducting the research and writing the article. Her expertise and contributions to the study are crucial for validating the findings and advancing understanding in the areas of biotechnology and pharmaceutical research.
11) Post:
In this context, 'Post' relates to the address provided in the correspondence details, indicating 'Eachanari Post' as part of Karpagam University's location in Coimbatore, Tamil Nadu, India. It highlights the research's institutional backing and geographical context, which may influence the plant's availability and usage.
12) Antibiotic (Antibacterial):
Antibacterial refers to substances that prevent the growth of bacteria or kill them. The study mentions the antibacterial properties of Argemone mexicana, indicating its potential use in treating infections. Such properties complement the plant's use in traditional medicine, highlighting its multifaceted therapeutic applications.
13) Inflammation:
Inflammation is a biological response to harmful stimuli, including pathogens or damaged cells. Chronic inflammation is associated with various diseases, including cancer. The study suggests that phytochemicals in Argemone mexicana may exhibit anti-inflammatory properties, potentially contributing to health benefits and therapeutic effects against diseases related to inflammation.
14) Discussion:
Discussion refers to the section of the research article where results are interpreted and contextualized within the broader field. This section provides insights into the significance of findings regarding Argemone mexicana's phytochemicals and anticancer activities, facilitating a deeper understanding of the implications for future research and therapeutic developments.
15) Leprosy:
Leprosy is a chronic infectious disease caused by Mycobacterium leprae, resulting in severe disfigurement and disability. The mention of leprosy in relation to Argemone mexicana suggests historical uses of the plant in treating skin diseases, underscoring its traditional medicinal significance and potential relevance in developing modern treatments.
16) Ulcer:
An ulcer is an open sore on the skin or mucous membranes, often associated with inflammation. Argemone mexicana's use in treating ulcers highlights its medicinal properties and potential therapeutic applications for digestive issues, wounds, and skin conditions, emphasizing the need for further scientific validation.
17) Eagle:
Eagle is likely a reference to 'Eagle's Minimum Essential Medium (EMEM)', a tissue culture medium designed for growing various cell types in vitro. In the context of the study, EMEM is crucial for maintaining and propagating MCF-7 breast cancer cells, allowing for the evaluation of the aqueous extract's anticancer effects.
Other Science Concepts:
Discover the significance of concepts within the article: ‘In vitro screening of Argemone mexicana leaf extract for anticancer activity.’. Further sources in the context of Science might help you critically compare this page with similair documents:
Therapeutic agent, Traditional medicine, Antibacterial activity, Phytochemical analysis, In vitro, Pharmaceutical companies, Antifungal activity, Aqueous extract, MTT assay, Apoptosis induction, Cell viability, Qualitative phytochemical analysis, Bioactive compound, Quantification of flavonoids, Preliminary phytochemical analysis, Cytotoxic effect, MCF-7 cells, Tryphan blue dye exclusion method, Dose-dependent effect, Morphological change, Breast Cancer Cells, Health care resources, Active component, Plant derived drug, Flavonoids and Tannin.