A review of congenital disorders in neonates
Journal name: World Journal of Pharmaceutical Research
Original article title: A review of congenital disorders in neonates
The WJPR includes peer-reviewed publications such as scientific research papers, reports, review articles, company news, thesis reports and case studies in areas of Biology, Pharmaceutical industries and Chemical technology while incorporating ancient fields of knowledge such combining Ayurveda with scientific data.
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Dr. Madhuri Mahadar, Dr. Deepa Khajgiwala, Dr. Lad Meenal
World Journal of Pharmaceutical Research:
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Full text available for: A review of congenital disorders in neonates
Source type: An International Peer Reviewed Journal for Pharmaceutical and Medical and Scientific Research
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Summary of article contents:
Introduction
Congenital disorders are medical conditions that are present at birth and can significantly impact childhood mortality and morbidity. These disorders can manifest at various times in life, and encompass a wide range of physical anomalies recognized at birth, often termed congenital malformations or birth defects. They can be categorized into several types, including limb malformations, defects in the nervous system, cardiovascular system, gastrointestinal system, genitourinary system, genetic disorders, congenital infections, and metabolic diseases.
Causes of Congenital Disorders
Congenital disorders can arise from a multitude of factors. Some significant causes include maternal lifestyle choices such as the use of certain antibiotics, smoking, alcohol consumption, and drug addiction, which can lead to physical anomalies in the fetus. Additionally, maternal health issues like diabetes or a history of chromosomal abnormalities can increase risks for congenital heart diseases. Infectious diseases during pregnancy, including rubella and chicken pox, can also result in a variety of defects in the newborn.
Clinical Manifestations and Diagnostic Approaches
Clinical manifestations of congenital conditions vary based on the disorder. Congenital heart disease, for example, may present with heart murmurs and signs of heart failure, while imperforate anus might present with abdominal distension and lack of first stool. Diagnostic approaches include in utero screenings such as anomaly scans and maternal serum screenings during the first and second trimesters, which can help identify conditions like Down’s syndrome and neural tube defects. More invasive methods such as amniocentesis may be employed for detecting genetic abnormalities.
Ayurvedic Perspective on Congenital Disorders
In Ayurveda, congenital disorders are classified as Aadhyahmik Vyadhi, with particular emphasis on factors affecting the seeds (sperm and ovum) and maternal behavior during gestation. Various factors such as diet, mental state of the parents, and previous family health history are considered influential in the health of the offspring. While Ayurveda recognizes certain congenital conditions as incurable, it emphasizes preventative measures, including a wholesome diet and avoiding harmful practices during pregnancy.
In conclusion, congenital disorders pose significant health challenges that can often be managed through appropriate screenings and preventive care. While surgical interventions may remedy specific conditions, certain genetic impairments remain untreatable, highlighting the need for precautions during the gestational period to enhance the likelihood of giving birth to healthy offspring.
FAQ section (important questions/answers):
What are congenital disorders and their significance in neonates?
Congenital disorders are medical conditions present at birth, detectable pre-birth or later. They significantly contribute to childhood mortality and morbidity, affecting the long-term health of the individual.
What types of congenital malformations are commonly observed?
Common types of congenital malformations include limb malformations, nervous system defects, cardiovascular defects, gastrointestinal defects, genitourinary defects, genetic disorders, congenital infections, and metabolic diseases.
What are the main causes of congenital disorders?
Causes include maternal drug use, smoking, alcohol consumption, family history of chromosomal abnormalities, and infectious diseases during pregnancy like rubella and chickenpox.
How are congenital diseases diagnosed during pregnancy?
Diagnosis can be achieved through in-utero screening, including anomaly scans in the first trimester and maternal serum screenings in the second trimester, along with procedures like amniocentesis.
What treatment options exist for congenital disorders?
Treatment varies based on the disorder type and may include surgical interventions, vaccinations, and supportive therapies. Some congenital defects may be correctable, while others may remain incurable.
How does Ayurveda view congenital disorders and their treatment?
Ayurveda categorizes congenital disorders under Aadhyahmik Vyadhi, emphasizing prevention through proper maternal conduct during pregnancy. Many congenital diseases are considered incurable, but some surgical corrections are possible.
Glossary definitions and references:
Scientific and Ayurvedic Glossary list for “A review of congenital disorders in neonates”. This list explains important keywords that occur in this article and links it to the glossary for a better understanding of that concept in the context of Ayurveda and other topics.
1) Ayurveda (Āyurveda, Ayus-veda):
Ayurveda is an ancient system of medicine from India that emphasizes a holistic approach to health, integrating body, mind, and spirit. It provides guidelines for diagnosis, treatment, and prevention of diseases, particularly congenital disorders, through dietary regulations and lifestyle modifications, as referenced in the context of congenital anomalies.
2) Samhita (Saṃhitā, Saṃhita):
Samhita refers to a collection of texts or scriptures in Ayurveda that encompass various aspects of health, medicine, and pharmacology. The references to Carak and Susruta Samhitas highlight their importance in understanding congenital disorders, their causes, and treatment methods, making them foundational texts in Ayurvedic practice.
3) Genetic disorder:
Genetic disorders are conditions caused by abnormalities in an individual's DNA, which can be inherited or occur spontaneously. The text identifies various congenital malformations and mentions specific genetic conditions, illustrating the significance of genetics in congenital anomalies and the need for awareness and testing in clinical settings.
4) Sushruta-samhita (Suśruta-saṃhitā):
Susruta-samhita is one of the main texts of Ayurveda attributed to the ancient physician Susruta. It covers surgical techniques and the treatment of ailments, including congenital disorders. Its contributions to surgical interventions for congenital anomalies show its relevance in historical and modern medical practices.
5) Sharman (Śarma, Sarmā, Sarma, Sharma, Śarman):
Sharma is referenced in connection with translations and interpretations of significant Ayurvedic texts. The mention of Dr. R.K. Sharma indicates his role in elucidating ancient wisdom regarding congenital conditions, providing insights about their management in Ayurveda and emphasizing the continuity of Ayurvedic knowledge through scholarly efforts.
6) Janman (Janma):
Janma translates to 'birth' in Sanskrit and is crucial in the context of congenital disorders. It symbolizes the onset of conditions that manifest at birth due to various factors, including parental health and environmental influences during conception and gestation, underscoring the holistic nature of disease origins in Ayurveda.
7) Bala (Bāla, Balā, Bālā):
Bala means 'child' or 'infant,' denoting the focus on childhood diseases and disorders, particularly congenital anomalies that affect neonates. The term's inclusion highlights the need for vigilant care and early detection of such conditions, essential for improving outcomes and promoting healthy development in children.
8) Diet:
Diet is a critical element in Ayurveda, influencing physical and mental health. The reference to dietary practices suggests that the consumption of specific foods by pregnant women can impact fetal development, potentially leading to congenital disorders, and emphasizes the importance of a balanced diet during gestation.
9) Raktapitta (Rakta-pitta):
Rakta-pitta translates to a condition associated with a disturbance in the blood and bile in Ayurvedic philosophy. It is mentioned concerning maternal dietary habits that can adversely affect the offspring, showcasing Ayurveda's comprehensive approach to understanding the connection between maternal health and congenital anomalies.
10) Atisthaulya:
Atisthaulya refers to excessive body weight or obesity in Ayurveda. The text discusses its implications for maternal health and fetal development, suggesting that conditions like Atisthaulya can lead to congenital disorders in the child, underlining the relevance of maintaining healthy body weight during pregnancy.
11) Dravyaguna (Dravyaguṇa, Dravya-guna):
Dravyaguna refers to the branch of Ayurveda that deals with the properties and effects of drugs and herbs. Mentioning this field emphasizes the importance of understanding medicinal herbs' roles in preventing or treating congenital diseases, underlining the holistic nature of Ayurvedic treatment approaches.
12) Alcoholism:
Alcoholism represents a significant risk factor for congenital disorders, as indicated in the text. Maternal alcohol consumption during pregnancy can lead to fetal alcohol syndrome, illustrating the importance of awareness about harmful substances during gestation and their potential long-term effects on child health.
13) Cakrapani (Cakrapāṇi, Cakrapāṇī, Cakra-pani):
Cakra-pani refers to 'the one who holds the wheel' and is mentioned in connection with Ayurvedic texts. The term underscores the philosophical aspect of Ayurveda, connecting concepts of health, balance, and the cosmic order to approaches in addressing congenital diseases, enshrined in traditional practices.
14) Antibiotic (Antibacterial):
Antibiotics are medications used to treat bacterial infections, and the text points to their potential teratogenic effects when used around conception. This highlights the importance of careful medication management in pregnant women to prevent congenital malformations, showcasing a critical intersection between modern medicine and traditional knowledge.
15) Shrikantha (Śrīkaṇṭha, Shri-kantha, Shrikamtha):
Srikantha refers to an Ayurvedic scholar who contributed to the literature on traditional healing practices. The reference illustrates the continued evolution of Ayurvedic knowledge and its application to understanding and treating congenital disorders, with emphasis on scholarly contribution to medical traditions.
16) Deafness:
Deafness, mentioned in the context of congenital disorders, relates to hearing impairments present at birth. The text discusses the causative factors influencing the onset of such conditions, underscoring the necessity for prenatal care and early screening to address and manage congenital hearing loss effectively.
17) Prameha:
Prameha is an Ayurvedic term referring to various urinary disorders, often associated with metabolic dysfunction. Its mention connects dietary habits of the mother to potential congenital effects on the offspring, emphasizing the comprehensive view of Ayurveda toward maternal health and its implications for children's health.
18) Krishna (Kṛṣṇā, Kṛṣṇa):
Krishna is a prominent figure in Indian mythology, often symbolizing divinity and wisdom. The inclusion of Krishna alludes to the historical and cultural context of Ayurvedic knowledge, weaving philosophical teachings with practical health guidelines and nurturing a holistic understanding of life and health.
19) Ashtanga (Aṣṭāṅga, Ashtan-anga):
Astanga refers to the 'Eight Limbs' of yoga, signifying a holistic approach to health and wellness. Its mention in the context of congenital disorders highlights Ayurveda's integral connection with yoga philosophy, emphasizing the need for balanced living, including mental and spiritual aspects for optimal health outcomes.
20) Channel:
Channel refers to a pathway or medium of transmission. In the context of health, it may connote how information about congenital disorders can be disseminated or studied. This highlights the importance of communication and education in understanding and addressing congenital diseases effectively.
21) Leprosy:
Leprosy, an ancient disease characterized by skin lesions and nerve damage, is mentioned in the context of congenital disorders. This underlines the historical perspectives within Ayurveda regarding transmissible and hereditary conditions, prompting discussions about prevention and care within families affected by such diseases.
22) Dipika (Dīpika, Dīpikā):
Dipika refers to commentary or annotation on classical texts, enhancing understanding of Ayurvedic concepts. The reference to Dipika indicates its role in elucidating ancient knowledge regarding congenital disorders, aiding practitioners in applying traditional wisdom in contemporary health practices and treatments.
23) Samita (Śamita, Shamita, Samitā, Sāmita):
Samita translates to 'a collection of texts or scriptures,' essential for preserving ancient knowledge. The text references Ayurvedic Samitas, highlighting their importance in understanding health conditions, including congenital disorders, as these collections serve as foundational resources for practitioners and scholars alike.
24) Sahaja (Sahajā, Saha-ja):
Sahaja means 'innate' or 'natural' in Sanskrit and refers to hereditary conditions present at birth. The text discusses Sahaja disorders to illustrate congenital diseases' familial nature, emphasizing the significance of genetics in understanding the origins and implications of various congenital malformations.
25) Kushtha (Kuṣṭha):
Kustha stands for skin diseases, particularly leprosy, as explained in ancient Ayurvedic texts. The mention of Kustha in relation to congenital disorders hints at the broader Ayurvedic understanding of health that incorporates hereditary elements and environmental aspects, calling for a holistic approach to treatment.
26) Vyadhin (Vyādhī, Vyādhi, Vyadhi, Vyādhin):
Vyadhi translates to 'disease' in Sanskrit and is a central concept in Ayurveda that encompasses all aspects of health conditions, including congenital disorders. The term reinforces the need for thorough examination and treatment strategies tailored to individual cases within the framework of traditional healing.
27) Bitter:
Bitter refers to one of the fundamental tastes in Ayurveda, recognized for its detoxifying properties. The text connects a bitter diet to specific maternal health outcomes, influencing fetal development, emphasizing that dietary choices can significantly affect pregnancy and congenital disorders.
28) Edema (Oedema):
Oedema refers to the swelling caused by excess fluid accumulation, often linked to underlying health conditions. In the context of congenital disorders, its mention underscores the need for careful monitoring of maternal health to minimize complications during pregnancy that may affect fetal development.
29) Desire:
Desire in the Ayurvedic context implies the emotional and psychological states that can influence maternal health and fetal outcomes. The text discusses how unfulfilled desires or inappropriate cravings during pregnancy can lead to congenital disorders, showcasing the interconnection between mental well-being and physical health.
30) Dosha (Dosa, Doṣa, Dosā, Doṣā, Ḍosā):
Dosha refers to the three fundamental bodily types in Ayurveda: Vata, Pitta, and Kapha, which determine an individual's constitution and health. The text highlights how imbalances in doshas during conception or gestation can lead to congenital anomalies, emphasizing the system's holistic approach to health.
31) Pitta (Pītta, Piṭṭā):
Pitta is one of the three doshas in Ayurveda associated with fire and transformation. The text mentions Pitta in the context of maternal health and its implications on congenital disorders, underscoring how a balanced Pitta can be crucial for healthy fetal development and disease prevention.
32) Rakta (Raktā):
Rakta translates to 'blood' in Ayurveda, representing one of the dhatus or body tissues. The reference to Rakta highlights its importance in the context of maternal health, as blood quality and composition significantly influence fetal development and the emergence of congenital conditions.
33) Ganga (Gaṅgā, Gāṅga, Gamga):
Ganga, symbolizing purity in Indian culture, also represents knowledge and healing. Its mention connects to the broader understanding of Ayurvedic principles and the importance of maintaining physical and spiritual health, essential for preventing congenital disorders, reflecting Ayurveda's reverence for natural elements in health.
34) Cakra (Cakrā, Cākra):
Cakra refers to the energy centers in the body in various holistic practices, including Ayurveda. In the context of congenital disorders, the concept of Cakra signifies the need for balanced energy and function to support overall health, illustrating the interconnectedness of physical and spiritual well-being.
35) Arshas (Arśa, Arsa, Arsha, Ārṣa, Arśas, Ārśa, Arṣa, Arsā):
Arsha refers to hemorrhoids in Ayurveda. Its mention in the context of congenital abnormalities shows the concern for comprehensive maternal health, wherein conditions like Arsha can indicate underlying imbalances affecting both maternal and fetal health during pregnancy.
36) Pani (Paṇi, Pāṇin, Pāṇi, Pānī, Panin, Paṉi, Pāṉi):
Pani translates to 'water' in Ayurveda, symbolizing vital fluids necessary for life. Its mention in the text emphasizes the importance of hydration and fluid balance during pregnancy, linking maternal health with the prevention of congenital anomalies, reflecting holistic health principles.
37) Sour:
Sour refers to one of the tastes recognized in Ayurveda that can impact health outcomes. The text discusses how a sour diet can contribute to certain conditions, illustrating how dietary choices influence maternal health and subsequently affect fetal development, underscoring preventive measures.
Other Science Concepts:
Discover the significance of concepts within the article: ‘A review of congenital disorders in neonates’. Further sources in the context of Science might help you critically compare this page with similair documents:
Genetic disorder, Pregnant woman, Unwholesome diet, Family history, Surgical intervention, Beneficial diet, Congenital disease, Preventive measure, Ayurvedic Perspective, Congenital malformation, Clinical manifestation, Surgical Procedure, Congenital Anomalies, First trimester, Second trimester, Maternal factors, Endocrine disorder, Congenital heart disease, Birth defect, Congenital disorder, Prenatal Diagnosis, Gestational period, Maternal diabetes.
Concepts being referred in other categories, contexts and sources.