Phytochemical screening and antimicrobial evaluation of Chironji.
Journal name: World Journal of Pharmaceutical Research
Original article title: Preliminary phytochemical screening and evaluation of antimicrobial activity of buchnania lanzan (chironji) from chhattisgarh
The WJPR includes peer-reviewed publications such as scientific research papers, reports, review articles, company news, thesis reports and case studies in areas of Biology, Pharmaceutical industries and Chemical technology while incorporating ancient fields of knowledge such combining Ayurveda with scientific data.
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Chaitali Niratker, D. Sailaja
World Journal of Pharmaceutical Research:
(An ISO 9001:2015 Certified International Journal)
Full text available for: Preliminary phytochemical screening and evaluation of antimicrobial activity of buchnania lanzan (chironji) from chhattisgarh
Source type: An International Peer Reviewed Journal for Pharmaceutical and Medical and Scientific Research
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Summary of article contents:
Introduction
The study investigates Buchnania lanzan, commonly known as chironji, which is native to India and known for its various uses, including food, fuel, and medicinal applications. The tree, part of the Anacardiaceae family, provides significant nutritional and economic benefits, particularly for tribal communities in Chhattisgarh. Due to its medicinal properties, recognizing the chemical constituents present in the plant is essential for potential pharmaceutical applications.
Phytochemical Analysis
Preliminary phytochemical screening of Buchnania lanzan revealed the presence of several bioactive compounds, including saponins, flavonoids, steroids, cardiac glycosides, carbohydrates, tannins, and phenolics. The extraction utilized sequential solvents of varying polarities, specifically petroleum ether, chloroform, methanol, ethanol, and water. The most notable findings indicated that the leaves contained diverse phytochemicals that contribute to their medicinal effects, while proteins and alkaloids were not detected.
Antimicrobial Activity
The research also assessed the antimicrobial potential of different extracts against various bacterial and fungal strains using the disc diffusion method. The methanolic and ethanolic extracts exhibited the most potent antibacterial activity against Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, and Staphylococcus aureus. In terms of antifungal properties, the methanolic extract was particularly effective against Aspergillus and Penicillium species. These results emphasize Buchnania lanzan's efficacy as a natural antimicrobial agent, which could lead to future applications in drug development.
Quantitative Analysis
Quantitative analysis of the total phenol, flavonoid, and tannin content in different solvent extracts highlighted the concentrations of these phytochemicals, indicating significant potential for therapeutic use. The methanolic extract consistently displayed higher levels of these compounds compared to other solutes, reinforcing the importance of solvent choice in extracting bioactive materials from plant sources.
In conclusion, the findings affirm that Buchnania lanzan leaf extract is a rich source of various phytochemicals beneficial for antimicrobial activity. This plant's extracts, particularly those obtained through methanol and ethanol, hold promise for development as antimicrobial agents and could contribute significantly to phytomedicine in addressing various health issues.
FAQ section (important questions/answers):
What is the main objective of the study on Buchnania lanzan?
The study aimed to conduct a preliminary phytochemical screening of Buchnania lanzan and evaluate its antimicrobial activity against specific bacterial and fungal species using various solvent extracts.
Which phytochemicals were identified in Buchnania lanzan leaves?
The phytochemical analysis revealed the presence of saponins, flavonoids, steroids, cardiac glycosides, carbohydrates, tannins, and phenolics in the leaves of Buchnania lanzan.
What method was used to test the antimicrobial activity?
The antimicrobial activity was evaluated using the disc diffusion method against three bacterial species and two fungal species, measuring the zones of inhibition created by various solvent extracts.
Which bacterial species showed maximum sensitivity to the extracts?
Escherichia coli exhibited the highest sensitivity to extracts from Buchnania lanzan, followed by Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Staphylococcus aureus in terms of antibacterial activity.
How were the quantitative phytochemical analyses performed?
Quantitative analyses of flavonoids, tannins, and phenols were conducted using a spectrophotometric method, with rutin and gallic acid serving as positive controls for their respective analyses.
What conclusion can be drawn from the study results?
The study concluded that Buchnania lanzan leaves are rich in phytochemicals and exhibit significant antimicrobial properties, suggesting their potential use in developing antimicrobial drugs.
Glossary definitions and references:
Scientific and Ayurvedic Glossary list for “Phytochemical screening and antimicrobial evaluation of Chironji.”. This list explains important keywords that occur in this article and links it to the glossary for a better understanding of that concept in the context of Ayurveda and other topics.
1) Water:
Water is a crucial solvent in phytochemical extraction processes, utilized in this study to ascertain the presence of various bioactive compounds in Buchnania lanzan leaves. It serves as a medium for phytochemical analysis, influencing extraction yield and solubility of polar compounds, thus playing a role in evaluating the plant's medicinal properties.
2) Activity:
In this context, 'activity' refers to the biological activities such as antimicrobial effects of Buchnania lanzan leaf extracts. Assessing the activity against pathogens like bacteria and fungi is vital to establishing the therapeutic potential of the plant, highlighting its value in natural medicine and alternative therapies.
3) Antibiotic (Antibacterial):
Antibiotics are substances that kill or inhibit the growth of microorganisms, particularly bacteria. The research compares the antibacterial activity of Buchnania lanzan extracts to standard antibiotics. This highlights the potential of plant extracts as alternatives to synthetic antibiotics, particularly in an era of increasing antibiotic resistance.
4) Phytochemical:
Phytochemicals are bioactive compounds found in plants, responsible for various therapeutic effects. This study aims to identify major phytochemicals in Buchnania lanzan leaves, emphasizing their role in medicinal applications, and contributes to our understanding of their mechanisms of action, thereby guiding future pharmacological research.
5) Flavonoid:
Flavonoids are a class of phytochemicals known for their antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and antimicrobial properties. The study evaluates the flavonoid content in Buchnania lanzan leaves, linking these compounds to the plant's medicinal efficacy and encouraging further research on their health benefits in traditional and modern medicine.
6) Substance:
In the scientific context, a substance refers to a specific chemical compound or mixture being tested. The study investigates various substances extracted from Buchnania lanzan, focusing on their biological activities and therapeutic potential, thereby contributing to the understanding of the constituents that confer health benefits.
7) Medicine:
Medicine encompasses the science and practice of diagnosing, treating, and preventing illness. This study demonstrates Buchnania lanzan's relevance in traditional medicine practices. Understanding its phytochemical composition supports the integration of natural products into modern therapeutic frameworks, promoting holistic approaches to health.
8) Drug:
Drugs are compounds utilized for medical treatment, impacting biological functions to alleviate diseases. The antimicrobial properties of Buchnania lanzan extracts position them as potential candidates for new drug formulations, particularly in combating infectious diseases, thereby contributing to pharmaceutical innovation and enhancing public health.
9) Madhuca indica:
Madhuca indica, known as Mahua, is another important plant species in the region, frequently mentioned alongside Buchnania lanzan. Its mention illustrates the significance of indigenous flora in local medicine and the socioeconomic role of such plants, fostering a deeper appreciation of biodiversity in healthcare.
10) Discussion:
The discussion section typically analyzes and interprets research findings. In this study, it would provide insights into the implications of Buchnania lanzan's antimicrobial activities, compare them with existing literature, and propose future research directions, enhancing understanding of the plant’s therapeutic potential.
11) Knowledge:
Knowledge refers to the understanding gained through research and experience. This study augments knowledge regarding Buchnania lanzan’s phytochemical properties and antimicrobial efficacy, which may inform future studies, cultivation practices, and utilization in traditional and modern medicinal applications, fostering evidence-based practices.
12) Ayurveda (Āyurveda, Ayus-veda):
Ayurveda is a traditional Indian system of medicine emphasizing holistic health and natural healing. The study highlights Buchnania lanzan’s significance in Ayurveda as a medicinal plant, exploring its compounds that align with Ayurvedic principles, thereby promoting the value of traditional medicine in contemporary healthcare.
13) Shailaja (Śailajā, Shaila-ja):
Sailaja refers to one of the authors involved in the study. Her contribution signifies collaborative research efforts in understanding pharmacological applications of plants like Buchnania lanzan. The involvement of multiple researchers enhances the credibility of the findings and underscores the importance of teamwork in scientific exploration.
14) Madhya (Mādhya):
Madhya often relates to Madhya Pradesh, an Indian state with significant biodiversity, including Buchnania lanzan. This geographic reference denotes the plant's native habitat and cultural relevance while emphasizing the need for research in local flora to promote sustainable use of natural resources for healthcare.
15) Surana (Suraṇa, Shurana, Śūraṇa, Surāna):
Surana refers to Mr. Rajendra Surana, a key figure acknowledged in the research study for his support. His involvement represents the importance of mentorship and institutional backing in facilitating scientific research, enabling studies that contribute to the understanding of medicinal plants and their applications.
16) Glass:
Glass is often utilized in laboratory settings for its inert properties. In this study, it may refer to glassware used during extraction or testing processes. The choice of materials is crucial for experimental reliability, ensuring that results are accurate and free from contamination that could affect the study outcomes.
17) Mahua (Mahuā):
Mahua, known scientifically as Madhuca indica, is a traditionally important tree in India. Its mention alongside Buchnania lanzan emphasizes the richness of indigenous plant species in local ecosystems. Understanding such plants' roles encourages conservation efforts and highlights their potential in natural health products, fostering sustainable practices.
Other Science Concepts:
Discover the significance of concepts within the article: ‘Phytochemical screening and antimicrobial evaluation of Chironji.’. Further sources in the context of Science might help you critically compare this page with similair documents:
Flavonoid, Protein, Medicinal value, Antibacterial activity, Phytochemical screening, Phytochemical analysis, Research facilities, Antimicrobial activity, Disc diffusion method, Zone of inhibition, Quantitative analysis, Antifungal activity, Secondary metabolite, Gram negative bacteria, Chloroform extract, Ethanol extract, Methanol extract, Tannin, Soxhlet extraction, Biological activities, Preliminary phytochemical analysis, Ayurveda and Unani, Saponin, Alkaloid, Phenolics, Petroleum ether, Growth Medium, Standard antibiotic, Antimicrobial Drug, Anthraquinone, Carbohydrate, Zone of inhibition diameter, Solvent extract, Presence of saponin, Phytochemical constituent.