Title
in vitro and in vivo analysis of enzymatic antioxidant potential of ricinus communis leaves in alloxan induced diabetic swiss albino mice.
Journal name: World Journal of Pharmaceutical Research
Original article title: Title
The WJPR includes peer-reviewed publications such as scientific research papers, reports, review articles, company news, thesis reports and case studies in areas of Biology, Pharmaceutical industries and Chemical technology while incorporating ancient fields of knowledge such combining Ayurveda with scientific data.
This page presents a generated summary with additional references; See source (below) for actual content.
Subtitle: in vitro and in vivo analysis of enzymatic antioxidant potential of ricinus communis leaves in alloxan induced diabetic swiss albino mice.
Original source:
This page is merely a summary which is automatically generated hence you should visit the source to read the original article which includes the author, publication date, notes and references.
Nitika Verma, Swaati Sharma, Veena Garg
World Journal of Pharmaceutical Research:
(An ISO 9001:2015 Certified International Journal)
Full text available for: Title
Source type: An International Peer Reviewed Journal for Pharmaceutical and Medical and Scientific Research
Copyright (license): WJPR: All rights reserved
Download the PDF file of the original publication
Summary of article contents:
Introduction
Oxidative stress is a condition resulting from an imbalance between reactive oxygen species (ROS) and the body's ability to counteract their harmful effects. It is frequently exacerbated in diabetic patients due to prolonged hyperglycemia, which increases ROS production through various mechanisms, including glucose autoxidation and protein glycation. This study investigates the antioxidative properties of hydro-ethanolic extracts of Ricinus communis leaves in both in vitro and in vivo settings, particularly focusing on its impact on enzymatic antioxidant activities in diabetic Swiss albino mice.
Enzymatic Antioxidant Potential
The study assessed the enzymatic activity of antioxidants, including Superoxide Dismutase (SOD), Catalase (CAT), and Glutathione Peroxidase (GPx), both in vitro and in vivo. In vitro tests demonstrated that the antioxidant potential of the Ricinus communis extract increased with higher concentrations, indicating a strong relationship between extract dosage and enzymatic activity. The in vivo results showed reduced antioxidant enzyme levels in diabetic mice, while treatment with the leaf extract significantly normalized these levels. Unlike the standard treatment drug Glibenclamide, the leaf extract not only lowered blood glucose levels but also improved enzymatic antioxidant activities across various tissues.
Diabetic Induction and Treatment Effects
The study involved inducing diabetes in mice using Alloxan monohydrate and subsequently treating them with Ricinus communis leaf extract or Glibenclamide. Results indicated that the diabetic control group exhibited significantly elevated blood glucose levels compared to normal controls, confirming the effectiveness of the Alloxan-induced diabetes model. Treatment with Ricinus communis extract effectively reduced fasting blood glucose levels by 52.15%, illustrating its potential hypertensive properties, comparable to Glibenclamide, which also produced a significant reduction in blood glucose levels.
Impact on Organ Antioxidant Status
Post-treatment analysis showed significantly lower antioxidant enzyme activity levels in the liver, pancreas, and kidney of diabetic control mice compared to those treated with Ricinus communis extract. The extract administration not only restored antioxidant levels but, in certain cases, resulted in enzyme activities that exceeded those of the normal control group. This highlights the extract’s potential in ameliorating oxidative stress and improving overall antioxidant status in diabetic conditions, suggesting its efficacy beyond what Glibenclamide could achieve.
Conclusion
Ricinus communis leaves exhibit significant antioxidant potential, evidenced by their ability to restore impaired enzymatic activities in diabetic mice. This study suggests that incorporating Ricinus communis into dietary therapy could effectively complement traditional treatments for managing oxidative stress in diabetes, providing a natural adjunct for improving overall health. The findings underscore the necessity for further exploration of plant-based extracts as alternative therapeutic agents in diabetes management.
FAQ section (important questions/answers):
What is the main focus of the study on Ricinus communis leaves?
The study investigates the enzymatic antioxidant potential of Ricinus communis leaves through both in vitro and in vivo analyses, particularly in the context of oxidative stress in diabetic mice.
How was diabetes induced in the experimental mice?
Diabetes was induced by a single intra-peritoneal injection of Alloxan monohydrate at a dosage of 150 mg/kg body weight. This caused oxidative stress and resulted in significant hyperglycemia.
What are the main antioxidant enzymes measured in the study?
The main antioxidant enzymes measured were Superoxide Dismutase (SOD), Catalase (CAT), and Glutathione Peroxidase (GPx), both in vitro and in the tissues of the diabetic mice.
What was the treatment duration for the experimental groups?
The treatment duration for the experimental groups was 45 days. Group LT received the Ricinus communis leaf extract, while Group GT was treated with Glibenclamide, a standard diabetic medication.
What were the results of using Ricinus communis leaf extract?
RCLE significantly normalized the reduced enzymatic antioxidant levels in diabetic mice and effectively lowered blood glucose levels compared to the Diabetic Control group.
What can be concluded about Ricinus communis leaves based on the study?
The study concludes that Ricinus communis leaves possess considerable antioxidant potential, which could be useful as an adjunct to dietary therapy for managing oxidative stress in diabetic patients.
Glossary definitions and references:
Scientific and Ayurvedic Glossary list for “Title”. This list explains important keywords that occur in this article and links it to the glossary for a better understanding of that concept in the context of Ayurveda and other topics.
1) Activity:
The term 'activity' refers to the enzymatic function demonstrated in the study, particularly regarding the antioxidant potential of Ricinus communis leaves. It's essential in evaluating how effectively these enzymes, such as superoxide dismutase and catalase, can neutralize reactive oxygen species and combat oxidative stress, especially in diabetic mice.
2) Blood:
In this study, 'blood' pertains to the blood glucose levels measured in the experimental mice. Monitoring blood glucose is vital for assessing diabetes progression and the effectiveness of treatments. Elevated blood glucose indicates diabetes, while reductions signify the potential therapeutic actions of Ricinus communis leaf extract and other treatments.
3) Drug:
The term 'drug' in this context relates primarily to Glibenclamide, a medication used to control blood sugar levels in diabetic patients. The study compares the effectiveness of Glibenclamide with the antioxidant treatment of Ricinus communis leaf extract, highlighting the significance of pharmacological versus natural approaches in diabetes management.
4) Ricinus communis:
Ricinus communis, commonly known as the castor oil plant, is the central subject of the study. This plant is known for its medicinal properties, particularly its leaves' antioxidant and anti-diabetic effects. The study investigates how its hydro-ethanolic extract can mitigate oxidative stress in alloxan-induced diabetic mice.
5) Water:
In this research, 'water' is crucial as a solvent in the preparation of the Ricinus communis extract and for physiological needs in animal care. Proper hydration is essential for the biological processes in the test subjects and allows for accurate dosing of the extract and control of experimental conditions.
6) Anxiety:
Although 'anxiety' may refer to a psychological state, in this study, it could be interpreted in the broader context of oxidative stress as a condition linked to diabetes. Diabetics often experience oxidative stress, which can induce anxiety and other complications, thus influencing the relevance of antioxidant treatments studied.
7) Science (Scientific):
'Science' broadly represents the foundation of the study and the methodologies employed to investigate the antioxidant potential of Ricinus communis. It encompasses the systematic study of biochemical processes, the validation of results through in vitro and in vivo experiments, and the advancement of knowledge pertaining to diabetes and oxidative stress.
8) Accumulation (Accumulating, Accumulate):
The term 'accumulate' signifies the process of gathering or increasing the levels of reactive species over time due to oxidative stress. In the study, it highlights how prolonged diabetes causes ongoing oxidative damage in tissues, underscoring the need for potent antioxidant treatments like those derived from Ricinus communis.
9) Discussion:
The 'discussion' section is where the researchers interpret their findings, relate them to previous studies, and assess the implications of Ricinus communis extract's antioxidant properties. This section is crucial for contextualizing results, understanding the impact of treatments, and proposing future research directions based on observed outcomes.
10) Flavonoid:
Flavonoid refers to a group of phytonutrients present in Ricinus communis leaves that contribute to their antioxidant capabilities. These compounds are known for their health benefits, particularly in reducing oxidative stress and inflammation, and are essential in exploring the pharmacological potentials of plant-based treatments for diabetic conditions.
11) Castor:
'Castor' refers to Ricinus communis, well-known as the castor oil plant. This name anchors the research in traditional phytomedicine and indicates the plant's historical use for various medicinal purposes, including its role in lowering blood glucose levels and providing antioxidant defense in diabetic conditions.
12) Sharman (Śarma, Sarmā, Sarma, Sharma, Śarman):
Sharma is one of the authors listed in the study, indicating her contribution to the research. This term represents the collaborative effort in scientific inquiry, emphasizing the importance of teamwork in conducting research, analyzing data, and sharing knowledge that advances the field of pharmaceutical and biomedical sciences.
13) Vina (Vinā, Vīṇā, Vīnā, Viña, Viṉā):
Veena is another author associated with the study, representing the collective expertise in the research. The inclusion of names highlights the collaborative nature of scientific research and recognizes individual contributions to the study's design, execution, and interpretation of results regarding Ricinus communis's effects on diabetes.
14) Diet:
'Diet' is significant in the context of managing diabetes and health in general. The study suggests that dietary supplementation with antioxidant-rich foods, such as those derived from Ricinus communis, can help mitigate oxidative stress associated with diabetes, thus indicating the interplay between diet and health outcomes.
15) Post:
The term 'post' is often used in scientific literature to describe analyses or discussions that follow presented results, providing context and implications. In this study, 'post' signifies the evaluation of results after treatment, summarizing the effects of Ricinus communis extract and making comparisons to baseline measurements or controls.
Other Science Concepts:
Discover the significance of concepts within the article: ‘Title’. Further sources in the context of Science might help you critically compare this page with similair documents:
Medicinal plant, Drug treatment, Statistical analysis, Statistically Significant, Oxidative stress, Reactive oxygen species, In vitro, Hepatoprotective activity, Antidiabetic activity, Antifertility effect, In vitro analysis, Animal Ethics Committee, Oxidative damage, In vivo study, Diabetic control, Hyperglycemia, Institutional animal ethics committee, Histopathological studies, Antioxidant activities, Glutathione peroxidase, Superoxide dismutase, Reactive oxygen species (ROS), Standard control group, Superoxide dismutase (SOD), Catalase enzyme, Blood glucose level, Antioxidant assay, Hypoglycemic effect, Blood glucose, In vivo, Alloxan monohydrate, Oral Hypoglycemic Agent, Diabetic Complication, Free Radical, Catalase (CAT), Enzymatic antioxidant potential, Ricinus communis leaves, Glutathione Peroxidase (GPx), Glibenclamide treatment, Experimental animal, Enzymatic Antioxidant, Natural antioxidant, Normal saline solution, Catalase assay, Diabetic mice, Phyto-constituent, In vivo analysis, Hydro ethanolic extract, Oxidation-inhibitors, Department of Science and Technology, Male Swiss albino mice, Leaf extract treated, Glibenclamide treated, Rock leaves, FBG levels, Alloxan injection, Banasthali Centre for Education and Research, CURIE programme, Antioxidants in disease, Int J Biomed Sci, Free Radicals in Biology and Medicine, Antihepatotoxic actions, Comparative antidiabetic activity, Enzymatic antioxidant properties, Non-enzymatic antioxidant properties, Biochemical role, Phytochemical constituent.